Fingerspelling & Numbers Final

money - rule of thumb for dollar and cents

$1-$9 with cents: number moved in a downward arc motion that moves towards the body to cents number, no dollar sign, no cents sign. $10 or more with cents: sign number and dollar sign then number with cents sign

money - dollars

$1-$9: numbers move in a downward arc motion that moves in toward the body. Do not sign the sign for dollar! $10- more: sign the dollar number then the sign for dollar

time signs- years

1-5: incorporated into the sign for year 1-5 (past) incorporated into the sign for year-last 1-5 (future): incorporated into the sign for year-future

time signs - days

1-9: incorporated into the sign for day 1-3 (past): incorporated into the sign for yester-____ 1-3 (future): incorporated into the sign for tomorrow-___

time signs- hours

1-9: incorporated into the sign for hour 10 or more: sign the number and then the sign of hour

time signs - minutes

1-9: incorporated into the sign for minute 10 or more: sign the number and then the sign for minute

time signs - months

1-9: incorporated into the sign for month 1-9 (past) incorporated into the sign for month-last 1-9 (future) incorporated into the sign for month-future

time signs- weeks

1-9: incorporated into the sign for week 1-9 (past): incorporated into the sign for week-last 1-9 ( future) incorporated into the sign for week-future

scoring in sports

1. Home versus opposing teams: A: sign the final score for a game, placing the score for the home team near your body and the score for the visiting team away from your body. the winning score is always signed first, regardless of which team is the home team. B: when signing the home team, use the name sign of that team. Use the name or name sign of the city or state of the opposing team 2: Neutral teams: A: if the teams are neutral, sign them out in neutral space, one on the right and one on the left side. Again, always sign the winning score first B: use the name of the name sign for the city or state where the team is located.

ranking of family members

1. different generations cannot be ranked together or on the same hand. 2. siblings should be in chronological order 3. similar information should be given for each person. 4. Nondominant hand is used as the ranking hand.

when was work on the manual alphabet republished? how many books were in it now?

1890 and 2

fist letters

A E I O S T M N

upper letters

B C D F K L R U V W X

3 C's

Context Configuration Closure

what were Deaf people referred to as in early history?

Deaf mutes

who published work on the manual alphabet and when?

Pablo Bonet and 1620

Decimals

Palm orientation is out. sign the whole number, the sign PERIOD, then the remainder. or you can sign the whole number, point down, then the remainder.

Who created the manual alphabet

Pedro Ponce de Leon

Who brought the manual alphabet to the United States? and when?

Thomas Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc in the 1800s

moving letter z

Z: when it appears in the BEGINNING trace the letter z hold the end position to spell the remaining letters when it appears in the MIDDLE spell the letters before the z in the normal hand position after tracing the z hold the end position to spell the remaining. when it appears int eh END after tracing the z your hand position should be below the letters that preceded it.

why weren't Deaf people taught to read and write?

because Aristotle said that they don't have the capacity of speech therefore they couldn't read or write.

Correct Hand Position

between chin and shoulder level, comfortable not stiff, palm orientation out most of the time, don't bounce be quiet.

Phone numbers

cardinal rule for numbers DOES NOT APPLY- all numbers face outward. always be consistent in grouping numbers

addresses

cardinal rule for the numbers DOES NOT APPLY- all numbers face forward use other a compound number (#18-23 Maple St) or individual numbers (1-8-2-3 Maple St) not a combination of both. Do not sign the number as a whole ( 1,823 Maple St)

Speed or clarity

clarity, clear communication

A prologue was added to the first book what was it about?

discussed history and etymology of letters

double letters

double letters repeat at the beginning (aaron) and in the middle of the word (miller) and move laterally at the end of the word (mitchell)

travel - flight

flight numbers are signed the same as addresses and phone numbers. all numbers face forward, use either a compound number ( 18-23) or individual numbers (1-8-2-3) not a combination of both and always be consistent in grouping numbers

Money - cents

follow the cardinal rule for numbers ( 1 cent - 5 cents palm facing in towards the signer). the sign cents is produced in one of three ways: 1. index finger touches the side of the forehead, then moves to the side of the head to produce the number. 2. index finger touches the side of the forehead, then moves to the side of the head maintaining the number production. 3. produce the number, then touch the side of the forehead.

money - dollar and cent combinations

for cents follow the cardinal rules for numbers ( palm facing in toward the signer). The cents sing is produced in one of three ways 1. index finger touches the side of the forehead, then moves to the side of the head to produce the number. 2. produce the number then touch the side of the forehead. 3. use the FLS #CENTS

fractions 1-9

for fractions the numbers 1-9 will have palm orientation toward the signer. sign the numerator then the denominator slightly lower. for mixed numbers such as 3 1/2 sigh the whole number (using the cardinal rule of 1-5, palm orientation toward you), then the fraction slightly to the side.

Where was the manual alphabet used in France and by who?

in public schools for the deaf and by Charles-Michel Abbé de l'Epeé

Reviews- lexicalized fingerspelling

lexicalized fingerspelling or FLS are finger spelled words that have been changed in different ways.

configuration

look at the shape of the whole word rather than concentrating on each letter

mouthing

mouth whole word not individual letter

Double letter names

names with bb, kk, ll, and rr the double letter is repeated twice with a bounce. Names with ss, nn, tt, ff, dd and mm, the double letter is repeated twice without a bounce. names with aa, ee, and oo, the double letter moves sideways and is not usually repeated

Travel - time

number 1-9 touch the back of the wrist and move upward into signing space with palm facing out. if the time is exactly on the hour, the hand shakes back and forth slightly, at the same time is a combination of hour and minutes, then the shake is eliminated and as slight pause is used between the hour and minutes.

identity (name of something)

numbers 1-9, fingertips point put word and shake slightly up and down at the wrist. used when the number is part of the name of the noun cardinal rule does not apply to age. numbers 1-5 have palm orientation forward. the sign age may be used or the number may be signed from the chin, indicating age.

When to finger spell:

proper nouns, words with no signs, technical vocal, specific nouns, emphasis, clarification, abbreviations/acronyms, when you don't know the sign

what to look for

shaped of the word by seeing the shape of the letters, up letters, down letters, moving letters, fist letters, and side letters.

Travel - identity

sign gate number as identity numbers. the fingertips point outward and shake slight up and down at the wrist. for numbers 10 and beyond, sign as usual.

where to look

signers face, chin level, never look at signers hand

what did Pedro Ponce de Leon do?

teach deaf children of noble families to speak, the children could not marry or inherit land if they weren't literate.

Ordinal numbers 1-9

the cardinal rule does not apple to ordinals. for numbers 1-9 use a single twist inward for numbers 10 and beyond sign as usual. Ordinal numbers represent show the order of things like calendar days, the floors in a building, or your place in line at the bank.

Age

the cardinal rule does not apply to age, numbers 1-5 have palm orientation forward. the sign age may be used or the number may be signed from the chin, indicating age.

the second book had two parts what are they about?

the first part was about the art of teaching deaf mutes and the second was about grammar of spanish language adapted to the use of deaf mutes

g and h letters

the hand positions for letters g and h can vary depending on what letter precedes or follows g or h.

upper letter names X

the letter x at the beginning of a name or word: palm faces out. the letter x at the middle or end of a name or word: palm faces to the side and the hand tilts forward

down letters y q p and p followed by r or l

the letters are made with palm oriented downwards

what was thought to be the key to teaching deaf mutes to speak

the manual alphabet

approximations

these are used for indicating an approximate number. the number is help with the fingers pointing to the side of the body outward, palm orientation is facing front, and shaken slightly up and down.

how lexicalized fingerspelling is formed

they are changed to look more sign-like. 9 ways to change" 1. letter deletion- at least one letter is deleted from the word. 2. location- the location of the finger spelled is changed (#soon) 3. Handshape- at least on elector in the original word changes its form (#kill) 4. movement- movement is added or movement is required 5. orientation- orientation of at least one letter differs from fingerspelling 6. reduplication - the lexical fingerspelling is made with reduplicated movement ( #ha) 7. second hand - the lexicalized fingerspelling is made with two hands. 8. morphological involvement- either the lexicalized fingerspelling is inflected or modified to show the addition of grammatical information, or thee lexicalized fingerspelling take on a physical feature that marks as belonging to a class of signs ( #back) 9. semantics - the meaning of the lexicalized fingerspelling differs form the English fingerpelled word ( #back)

height

to sign height, all numbers have palm orientation toward you, start with numbers of feet at the chest area and, bending at the elbow arc upward for inches. for emphasis you can move the number of inches upwards sharply. this sign is only used for people the height of the buildings and other objects using the cardinal rule with the finger spelled word feet and inches.

context

use clues based on context such as categories to narrow the word choice. look for restrictive clues such as colors of rainbow to narrow word possibilities

closure

use clues such as configuration of the word and the context of the conversation to help piece the word together. catch whatever letters on sees, then use the above clues. this will allow you to fill the gaps so it is not necessary to see every letter. this process allows you to grasp the meaning even when the signal is not clear or accurate.

cardinal numbers 1-5

when counting, numbers 1-5 will have palm orientation toward the signer. for numbers 6 and beyond, sign as usual- the palm is toward the listener. Cardinal numbers represent an amount such as one apple, two brothers, or nine days and are used for counting.

moving letter j

when it appears in the BEGINNING with ja je or jo the second letter is embedded into the final position of the better j. for ju, and ji the second letter are also formed at the final position of the letter j and held as the hand rotates and faces forward.

Placement in a competition

win-loss records are signed similarly to scores, with the number of wins always on the side of the dominant hand and the number of losses on the side of the non-dominnant hand.