First Aid & CPR Final (Chapters 20-26)

Which nonfreezing cold injury results in painful, swollen, hot-to-the-touch skin?

Chillblain

Prickly heat is treated by:

Drying and cooling the skin

Heat edema is treated by:

Elevating the legs

During which stage of labor does the amniotic sac break?

End of the first

Body heat loss by conversion of liquid on the skin to a vapor is called:

Evaporation

Healthy, active individuals who are strenuously working or playing in a warm environment are prone to:

Exertional heatstroke

Identify the correct statement about suicide.

Females attempt suicide three times more often than males

What can be done to help control vaginal bleeding after delivery?

Gently massage the mother's lower abdomen/allow the baby to nurse

First aid for frostnip includes:

Gently warming the area against a warm body, such as the armpits

Up to 50% of the body's total heat production can be lost by radiation through the ____.

Head and neck

After the baby is delivered, and before the umbilical cord is cut, the newborn should be held:

Head slightly lower than the trunk, level with the mother's vagina

Symptoms of heavy perspiration and normal or slightly-above-normal body temperature are common with which heat illness?

Heat exhaustion

Becoming dizzy or fainting after being exposed to high temperatures is characteristic of:

Heat syncope

Antihistamines, antipsychotics, and antidepressants all predispose individuals to:

Heatstroke

Which heat illness is life-threatening?

Heatstroke

The mother experiencing a breech presentation should be placed:

Kneeling head-down position with pelvis elevation

Which childbirth position improves blood return to the heart?

Lying on the left side

Which childbirth positions provide protection against possible aspiration during vomiting?

Lying on the left side

During which stage of labor is the placenta expelled?

Third

Labor is a ____ stage process.

Three

Which nonfreezing cold injury results from exposure to moisture and cold for prolonged periods of time?

Trenchfoot

Which nonfreezing cold injury results in tissue loss and infection?

Trenchfoot

The tightening of blood vessels in skin that is exposed to cold is called:

Vasoconstriction

A newborn should begin to breathe:

Within 30 seconds

Should CPR be started on a victim of hypothermia if the victim shows no signs of life?

Yes

An important point of first aid for the heatstroke victim is:

You should start cooling the victim before EMS personnel arrive

A woman can be expected to lose up to ____ to ____ cup(s) of blood after delivery.

1 to 2

The water temperature used for rewarming a frostbitten part should be:

100-104 degrees F

Air temperature drops 3.6oF for every ____ feet above the original measurement site.

1000

A body temperature of ___oF can be fatal.

109

The highest recorded body temperature of someone that lived and recovered was ___oF.

115.7

The third stage of labor lasts about ____ minutes or more.

15

Contractions less than ____ minutes apart and 45 to 60 seconds long, especially in a woman who has had more than one pregnancy, signal imminent delivery.

2

Most adults require about ___quarts of water a day.

2

During a breech presentation, the first aider should act to prevent suffocation of the baby if the head is not delivered within ____ minutes of the body.

3

Transport a victim of heat exhaustion to a medical facility if no improvement is seen within:

30 minutes

Freezing cold injuries occur when air temperature is below freezing at ___oF.

32

Nonfreezing cold injuries occur in cold and wet conditions with air temperatures between ___OF.

32 and 55

A baby born before ____ weeks of pregnancy is considered premature.

37

If in a remote location, and after cord pulsations have stopped, tie the cord about ____ widths away from the baby and a second tie 2 inches further away from the first in order to cut the cord.

4 inches

Contractions more than ____ minute(s) apart are a good indication that there will be enough time to get the mother to a hospital.

5

You are getting enough water if you are producing clear urine at least ____ times a day.

5

Water makes up about ____ percent of an adult's body weight.

50 to 60

The lowest recorded body temperature with a full recovery was ___oF.

56.6

For every suicide that occurs, there are ____ attempts.

8

Most people will die if the body temperature falls below ____oF.

80

Victims of severe hypothermia have a core body temperature below:

90 degrees F

Heat cramps are painful muscle spasms in the:

Back of legs and abdominal muscles

Situations in which a person exhibits abnormal behavior that is unacceptable or cannot be tolerated by the victims themselves, or by family, friends, or the community is known as:

Behavioral Emergency

A miscarriage is also called a:

Spontaneous abortion

The frequency of suicide peaks during which months?

Spring

Presence of greenish- or brownish-yellow amniotic fluid requires the first aider to:

Suction the mouth and nostrils thoroughly

What is the risk in a prolapsed umbilical cord presentation?

Suffocation of the baby

First aid for spouse abuse includes:

All of the above (calling the police, checking with welfare and social service agencies, treating any injuries)

To preserve legal evidence, the rape victim should not:

All of the above (change clothes until after medical evaluation, urinate or defecate until after medical evaluation, wash or douche until after medical evaluation)

Suicide is most common in men who are:

All of the above (divorced, single, widowed)

Which of the following statements concerning depression is accurate?

All of the above (do not discourage depressed persons from crying, a depressed person needs sympathetic attention, a depressed person needs sympathetic reassurance)

If you must assist with the delivery of the baby, an important guideline to remember is:

All of the above (do not let the mother use the toilet, do not hold the mother's legs together, do not touch the vaginal area except during delivery)

Which of the following statements concerning suicide are correct?

All of the above (every suicidal act or gesture should be taken seriously, be nonjudgemental, be direct and show support)

What are typical reactions to emotional injury?

All of the above (fear, heavy perspiration, nausea

Depressed persons can be recognized by their:

All of the above (feelings of hopelessness, guilt, pessimism, worthlessness, etc., loss of interest in hobbies that were once enjoyed, thoughts of death or suicide)

A rape victim may hesitate to report rape for which reasons?

All of the above (feelings of shame and guilt, reluctance to deal with law enforcement officials, questioning whether a "real" rape occurred)

First aid for all frostbite injuries includes:

All of the above (getting victim out of the cold, removing any wet clothing and constricting items, using the wet, rapid rewarming method)

Which questions should be asked of a woman in labor to determine whether there is time to transport her to a hospital?

All of the above (has she had a baby before, how frequent are the contractions, has the amniotic sac ruptured)

What are some common reasons for behavior changes?

All of the above (inadequate blood flow to the brain, mind-altering substances, head trauma)

What are some common reasons for behavior changes?

All of the above (low blood sugar in a diabetic, excessive cold or heat, lack of oxygen)

Which groups are at highest risk of heat illness?

All of the above (obese, chronically ill, alcoholics)

The term child abuse encompasses which of the following?

All of the above (physical, sexual, emotional maltreatment and neglect)

Wilderness first aid pertains to which of the following?

All of the above (recreation in the wilderness, occupations in remote areas, residences in the remote communities)

What care should be given to a woman with vaginal bleeding late in her pregnancy?

All of the above (save the sanitary pads used, treat for shock if needed, seek medical attention)

When would you be alerted to the possibility of child abuse?

All of the above (the repeated appearance of an indicator, the presence of several indicators, the appearance of serious injury)

CPR has no effect on recovery and should not be started in which of the following situations?

All of the above (the victim's core temperature is less than 60 degrees F, the victim has been submerged in water for more than 1 hour, the victim's chest wall is so stiff that compressions are impossible)

Internal vaginal bleeding caused by trauma should be treated by:

All of the above (using a pack only if bleeding is life threatening, placing her on her left side, seeking medical attention)

Which of the following can signal that delivery is imminent?

All of the above (when the woman has had a baby before, when the contractions are less than 2 minutes apart, when the amniotic sac has ruptured, and the woman feels the need to move her bowels

The most important point to remember when faced with a aggressive, hostile, or violent behavior is to:

Always size up the situation before you do anything

What type of exposure is also known as immersion exposure?

Acute

Identify the correct statement about suicide.

All of the above (Most suicide victims gave clear warning that they intended to kill themselves; Most suicide victims had previously attempted suicide; Suicide attempts typically occur when an individual's close emotional attachments are in danger)

Which climate condition can be more stressful?

A very humid but mildly warm day

Suicide in the United States is increasingly a problem in which age groups?

All of the above (adolescents, college-age students, the elderly)

What type of exposure is also known as urban exposure?

Chronic

Which type of heatstroke most often affects the elderly?

Classic heatstroke

Body heat loss by direct contact with a colder object is called:

Conduction

Body heat loss by air blowing over the skin or through porous clothing is called:

Convection

Which term describes the bulging out of the vagina as the fetus's head or part of the baby presses against it?

Crowning

In what position should you place the hypothermic victim?

Horizontal or flat position

Inadequate sodium in the body causes _____.

Hyponatremia

Premature babies are especially at risk for:

Hypothermia

Child abuse and neglect usually occur:

In the home

If the amniotic sac ruptures more than 12 hours before birth occurs, the likelihood of ____ is increased.

Infection to mother and baby

If a woman in labor feels she has to move her bowels, delivery:

Is imminent

What region in the United States has the highest suicide rate?

Mountain

Subacute exposure is also known as ____ exposure.

Mountain/exhaustion

The first step in caring for a heatstroke victim is to:

Move the victim to a cool place

Should CPR be started on a victim who was submerged in water for more than 60 minutes?

No

The most important care of the newborn is:

Positioning, drying, keeping warm, and stimulating to breathe

Body heat loss by giving off heat is called:

Radiation

What is the mnemonic to identify high-risk characteristics of suicide?

SAD PERSONS scale

The actual delivery of the baby takes place during the ____ stage of labor.

Second

Humans lose heat largely through their:

Skin

If the baby's head emerges with the umbilical cord wrapped around the neck, the first aider should:

Slip the cord of the baby's head