Flowering Plants: Reproductive Structures

Necessary sperm to fertilize the egg?

angiosperm: 2 human: 1

When a monocot such as corn germinates, the immature leaves are covered by a _____ while the radicle is covered by the _______. hypocotyle; primary root hypocotyle; epicotyl coleoptile; coleorhiza plumule; coleorhiza

coleoptile; coleorhiza

What is the correct sequence for the development of a eudicot embryo? a. Globular stage b. Heart stage c. Proembryo stage d. Mature embryo e. Zygote forms f. Torpedo stage

e - c - a - b - f - d

Compare the function of endosperm in eudicot and monocot seeds?

Endosperm absorbs nutrients to pass to the cotyledon in a monocot seed. Endosperm is completely absorbed for nutrients in the eudicot.

The microspore develops into a megasporocyte. female gametophyte. microsporocyte. male gametophyte. zygote.

male gametophyte

Where does meiosis take place in the male and female of the angiosperm? And the human?

male: anther female: ovule male: testes female: ovaries

What is the cell name that undergoes meiosis in angiosperms? In humans?

male: sporophyte female: sporophyte male: primary spermatocyte female: primary oocyte

Determine if the following contain haploid or diploid number of chromosomes: sporophyte egg cell synergid cells microspore mother cell polar nuclei tube cell megaspore mother cell generative cell

sporophyte: diploid egg cell: haploid synergid cells: haploid microspore mother cell: diploid polar nuclei: haploid tube cell: haploid megaspore mother cell: diploid generative cell: haploid

Seeds contain all of the following EXCEPT an embryo sporophyte. sufficient water for germination. stored food. a seed coat

sufficient water for germination

Cell ____ culture would be used to extract digitoxin, a medicine from the Digitalis plant; whereas ______ culture would be used to propagate sterile bananas.

suspension; tissue

The ____ is at first an immature male gametophyte that consists of a tube cell and a generative cell.

pollen grain

As the embryo completes development, the integument of the ovule will eventually become the ____.

seed coat

What does the integument of the ovule become?

seed coat

All the leaf-like _____ are collectively known as the calyx.

sepals

Which of the following fruits is a compound fleshy fruit? tomato peach blackberry pineapple All of these are compound fleshy fruits.

tomato

Pollen grains are composed of two cells. The ____ cell is much larger, while the _____ cell divides to produce two sperm.

tube; generative

Method of asexual reproduction that is underground

Rhizomes

What are the contents of the embryo sac?

one central cell with two polar nuclei, two synergid cells, three antipodal cells, one egg cell

A bisexual flower is referred to as a ___ flower; and a unisexual flower is referred to as a _______ flower.

perfect; imperfect

Which structure is unique to angiosperms? Pollen Spore Seed Flower

Flower

Which of the following is NOT a simple fruit? peach pea rice pineapple

Pineapple - multiple fruit from fused ovaries of many flowers on one receptable.

Which cells guide the pollen tube to the egg?

Synergetic cells

Which cell becomes the endosperm?

The large central cell with binuclei

How might you propagate the orange lettuce using the knowledge of totipotent?

Use the cell tissue and plant it in the ground then water and give the plant nutrients as it grows.

Is an endosperm formed?

angiosperm: yes human: no

Which cell division process takes place to creat embryo sac?

mitosis

Consists of the shoot tip and a pair of leaves

plumule

Pollination is ______.

the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.

Portion below the cotyledon that terminates in the embryonic root.

hypocotyl

Which of the following statements about fruits is NOT true? A blackberry is an example of a simple fruit. A fleshy fruit has a fleshy pericarp, as in a peach. Most fruits are simple fruits, derived from a single ovary. A dry fruit may split at maturity to release its seeds, as a pea or bean pod. A multiple fruit, such as a pineapple, forms from many individual flowers on a stem.

A blackberry is an example of a simple fruit.

Which of the following events is not associated with the development of the female gametophyte? A single parenchyma cell will enlarge to become a megaspore mother cell. The megaspore undergoes meiosis producing four haploid megaspores. The nucleus of the megaspore divides mitotically to produce eight nuclei. The female gametophyte will contain three antipodal cells. All of these are associated with the development of the female gametophyte.

All of these are associated with the development of the female gametophyte

All of the following statements are true about seed germination EXCEPT all seeds require a period of dormancy before germinating. in the temperate region, seeds often require a period of cold weather before dormancy is broken. fleshy fruits contain inhibitors of germination. some seeds require fire or bacterial action before germination can occur.

All seeds require a period of dormancy before germinating

Where fertilization occurs?

Angiosperm: ovule Human: ovary

How sperm reaches necessary cell(s)

Angiosperm: pollen tube Human: fallopian tube

Which of the following stages occurs immediately after the development of the zygote? The development of the proembryo. The development of globular stage. The torpedo stage embryo forms. The heart stage when the cotyledon develops.

Development of the proembryo

If you have picked a bouquet of anther-less flowers, you have picked male gametophytes retained within the body of sporophytes. female gametophytes retained within the body of sporophytes. sporophytes retained within the body of microgametophytes. sporophytes retained within the body of megagametophytes. microgametophytes retained within the body of megagametophyte

Female gametophytes retained within the body of sporophytes.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the germinated pollen grain? The generative cell produces two sperm. The pollen tube forms in the style. The tube cell produces the pollen tube. There are two sperm nuclei that move down the pollen tube to the micropyle. Fertilization occurs when the pollen grain germinates.

Fertilization occurs when the pollen grain germinates.

How is the pollen tube formed?

Formed from the tube cell

During which stage of eudicot development does the embryo continue to enlarge and elongate and the cotyledons are obvious? Zygote stage Proembryo stage Globular stage Heart stage Torpedo stage

Heart Stage

Which of the following are adaptations that allow flowering plants to reproduce without reliance on an aquatic environment? Roots hold plants firmly in a substrate. Pollen tubes allow sperm to move from the pollen grain to the egg. The female gametophytes are contained completely within the sporophyte. Pollen grains have a thick wall. The embryo is enclosed within a seed coat.

Pollen tubes allow sperm to move from the pollen grain to the egg. The female gametophytes are contained completely within the sporophyte. Pollen grains have a thick wall. The embryo is enclosed within a seed coat.

Rank the events in the development of new plant. Pollination Dispersal Fertilization Germination Fruit Development

Pollination Fertilization Fruit Development Dispersal Germination

Which of the following are functions performed by flowers? Produce fruit Storage Attract pollinators Aid in seed dispersal Producing fruit that enclose the seeds Producing spores Protecting gametophytes

Produce fruit, attract pollinators, producing fruit that encloses the seeds, producing spores, and producing gametophytes

Name the first organ to emerge from a germinating eudicot seed. Why do cotyledons wither after germination?

Radicle; they are there for absorption of nutrients and to pass the nutrients to the embryo.

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT as likely to disperse seeds at a great distance from the parent plant? Coconuts are carried by ocean currents. Squirrels bury seeds and nuts for future use. Seeds are dispersed as projectiles from the parent plant. Hooks and spines attach the seed to animal fur or human clothing. Seeds eaten with fruit by animals are dropped with the animals' feces.

Seeds are dispersed as projectiles from the parent plant.

Of the four main parts, explain which part plays no roles in pollination or fertilization?

Sepals, protect the budding flower but do not help with pollination or fertilization.

The generation of a plant's life cycle that produces haploid spores by meiosis is called the ____ generation.

Sporophyte

Which method of asexual reproduction would be most likely to occur in a wild population of plants? This method enables the parent plant to produce multiple offspring that start to grow away from the parent plant.

Stolons

What happens during cell division and cytokinesis to give one central cell with two nuclei?

There is no cleavage in the cells to create two diploid cell only one binucleated cell

Name at least four veggies that are really fruits.

Tomatoes, Cucumbers, Peppers, and Peas

If a plant cell has the genetic capacity of becoming an entire plant, the cell is referred to as being ___.

Totipotent

Perfect flower has __ and ____ inside the same flower whereas an imperfect flower does not.

carpels and stamens

Which cell, when fertilized, gives rise to the embryo?

egg cell

The portion between the cotyledons and contributes to shoot development

epicotyl

All of the following statements about cell suspension cultures are true EXCEPT digitalis, digitoxin, and quinine are produced by cell suspension culture. large numbers of plants are grown and collected from the natural environment to produce chemicals in the laboratory. chemicals are produced and extracted in high concentrations, sometimes from genetically modified cells. cell suspension cultures produce the same chemicals the entire plant produces.

large numbers of plants are grown and collected from the natural environment to produce chemicals in the laboratory.

Which structure has a similar purpose as endosperm, that is, to provide nutrients for embryo?

placenta