Fluid & Electrolyte Evolve Quiz Questions

Which blood type must a person have to be a universal recipient?

AB

Which gland is affected in aldosteronoma?

Adrenal cortex

Which hormonal deficiency causes diabetes insipidus in a client?

Antidiuretic hormone

Which complication would a nurse try to avoid by slowly administering a parenteral preparation of potassium?

Cardiac arrest Rationale: Too rapid an administration can cause hyperkalemia, which contributes to a long refractory period in the cardiac cycle, resulting in cardiac dysrhythmias and arrest.

How would the nurse respond to a client admitted for dehydration who has an IV infusion of normal saline starting at 125 mL/h and one hour later begins screaming, "I can't breathe!"? Discontinue the IV and notify the health care provider Elevate the head of the client's bed and obtain vital signs. Assess the client for allergies and change the IV to an intermittent lock. Contact the health care provider to request a prescription for a sedative.

Elevate the head of the client's bed and obtain vital signs. Rationale: Verbalization indicates that the client is breathing; elevating the head of the bed facilitates breathing by decreasing pressure against the diaphragm. Vitals signs reflect the current status of the client.

Which adverse effect would a nurse monitor for when caring for a client receiving furosemide to relieve edema? Hypernatremia Elevated blood urea nitrogen Hypokalemia Increase in urine specific gravity

Hypokalemia Rationale: Furosemide is a potent diuretic used to provide rapid diuresis; it acts in the loop of Henle and causes depletion of electrolytes, such as K and Na. Furosemide inhibits the reabsorption, not retention, of Na.

Which physiological alteration would be expected with a higher-than-normal red blood cell count?

Increased blood viscosity

Which dietary restriction will the nurse expect to be included in the plan for a client with left ventricular failure? Sodium Calcium Potassium Magnesium

Sodium Rationale: Restriction of sodium reduces the amount of water retention, thus reducing cardiac workload. Calcium is restricted in individuals who develop renal calculi. Potassium is not restricted, especially if a diuretic is prescribed, because diuresis facilitates the loss of potassium in the urine. Magnesium is not restricted.

Which action is promoted by vasopressin? Sodium reabsorption Reabsorption of water Tubular secretion of sodium Red blood cell production

Reabsorption of water Rationale: Vasopressin is also known as an antidiuretic hormone. It helps in the reabsorption of water into the capillaries. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption. Natriuretic hormones promote tubular secretion of sodium. Erythropoietin stimulates bone marrow to make red blood cells.

Which electrolyte deficiency triggers the secretion of renin?

Sodium Rationale: Low sodium ion concentration causes decreased blood volume, thereby resulting in decreased perfusion. Decreased blood volume triggers the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular cells.

Which action will a nurse take first when caring for a client reporting chest pain, difficulty breathing, and feeling cold twenty minutes after an infusion of packed red blood cells begins? Stop the transfusion Notify the health care provider Provide several warm blankets Assess vital signs

Stop the transfusion Rationale: The client is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction and the infusion should be stopped immediately to prevent worsening problems.

Which hormone regulates blood levels of calcium?

parathyroid hormone (PTH)