fluid, electrolyte, acid-base homeostasis questions
What is the most common cause for hypernatremia?
Dehydration
What effect does an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the volume of extracellular fluid (ECF)?
ECF increases when ADH is present
Which ions are critical for the activation of some enzymes?
Magnesium ions
What best describes hydrostatic pressure?
Hydrostatic pressure is the force that fluids exert against the capillary wall.
What part of the brain controls the thirst mechanism?
Hypothalamus
Which of the following is a response mechanism for overhydration?
Increased levels of ANP
Respiratory compensation for this acid-base balance occurs via hypoventilation.
Metabolic alkalosis
This acid-base imbalance is caused by an abnormal decrease in ventilation and retention of carbon dioxide.
Respiratory acidosis
To compensate for this acid-base imbalance, the kidneys secrete more bicarbonate ions and reabsorb more hydrogen ions.
Respiratory alkalosis
Plasma has much higher protein content than interstitial fluid
True
The bicarbonate ion is an example of a(n)
base
Hyperventilation is the compensation for an acid-base imbalance known as:
metabolic acidosis
The main compensatory mechanism for this acid-base imbalance is hyperventilation
metabolic acidosis
How much urine is lost through obligatory water loss each day?
500 ml
Hyperventilation causes __________, and hypoventilation causes __________.
respiratory alkalosis; respiratory acidosis
The primary role of the phosphate buffer system is to __________.
Buffer intracellular fluid
Increased water volume causes the hydrostatic pressure in plasma to increase and the osmotic pressure to decrease; as a result, water will
move from the ECF to the ICF
The average young adult human male body contains about ________ liters of total body water.
42
Which hormone promotes the reabsorption of water from the kidneys back into the ECF by osmosis?
ADH
Which of the following corresponds to water loss through the skin?
About 600 ml
Which hormone influences the concentration of hydrogen ions in the filtrate formed by the kidneys?
Aldosterone
The human body stores more fluids in the extracellular compartment than in the intracellular compartment.
False
When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels rise, less water is reabsorbed via the kidneys, the ECF volume decreases, and urine production increases.
False
For which imbalance is the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) appropriate?
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Calcium ion reabsorption in the kidneys is stimulated by the hormone __________
PTH
If the Pco2 in the plasma increases, what effect will this have on plasma pH?
The pH will decrease.
What is the main component of all body fluids?
Water
The hormone PTH causes __________.
a decrease in the reabsorption of phosphate ions
Which of the following is ICF?
cytosol
What triggers the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
decreasing calcium ion concentration of the blood
Decreased volume and increased concentration of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is defined as:
dehydration