forensic

Penitentiaries, correctional institutions, prison camps, halfway houses, and detention centers comprise the ______. A. Federal Bureau of Prisons B. maximum security spectrum C. correctional operational system D. prison community

A. Federal Bureau of Prisons

Which type of prison transfer requires a hearing and due process protections? A. a transfer of an inmate to a mental institution B. a transfer due to overcrowding C. a transfer of an inmate to a more restrictive setting D. a transfer in order to break up a violent prison gang

A. a transfer of an inmate to a mental institution

Research suggests a strong relationship between spousal abuse and ______. A. animal cruelty B. personality type C. sexual orientation D. parenting style

A. animal cruelty

An initial inmate screening should occur ______. A. as soon as possible after admission to the facility B. after the inmate adjusts to the facility routine C. as soon as the inmate feels refreshed and revitalized D. after a violent incident has occurred

A. as soon as possible after admission to the facility

All of the following are recommended for a psychologist conducting a child abuse evaluation EXCEPT ______. A. ask close-ended questions B. focus on the child's strengths C. gather information from multiple sources D. be cognizant of cultural factors

A. ask close-ended questions

Why is it important that psychological assessment be an ongoing process? A. because psychological and behavioral changes can occur throughout an inmate's incarceration B. because inmates are in a constant state of crisis C. because an inmate may have several opportunities for community reentry D. because inmates typically have poor decision-making and coping skills

A. because psychological and behavioral changes can occur throughout an inmate's incarceration

Research indicates that an important difference between opposite-sex IPV and same-sex IPV is the ______. A. community response to the victims B. level of blame perpetrators place on the victim C. degree of narcissism apparent in the perpetrators D. perpetrator's need for control

A. community response to the victims

The primary motive of male offenders who abuse women is ______. A. control B. revenge C. sexual gratification D. stress release

A. control

Lawyer and scholar Fred Cohen brought attention to which prison issue relevant to correctional psychologists? A. deficient mental health records B. unannounced cell searches C. illegal body cavity searches D. solitary confinement

A. deficient mental health records

Which standard of proof pertains to Estelle v. Gamble (1976)?) A. deliberate indifference B. simple negligence C. beyond a reasonable doubt D. preponderance of the evidence

A. deliberate indifference

Chris distinctly remembers sitting at a Moroccan restaurant when he learned his older brother was killed in the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. He can recall the restaurant's décor, the sound of diners chatting, and the smell of the food. This is an example of ______. A. flashbulb memory B. state-dependent memory C. iatrogenic effect D. sensory effect

A. flashbulb memory

Approximately half of individuals in jails are ______ and another half are ______. A. innocent; serving short-term sentences B. guilty; violent C. women; juveniles D. mentally disordered; substance abusers on house arrest

A. innocent; serving short-term sentences

Children of what age have the highest rate of child abuse victimization? A. less than 1 year B. 3-5 C. 7-10 D. older than 14

A. less than 1 year

Dr. Fox is working with an inmate to help strengthen his coping skills after the death of his wife. Which category does the treatment goal fall under? A. mental health stabilization B. rehabilitation C. behavior modification D. death notification

A. mental health stabilization

Open-ended interviews, questionnaires, and psychological tests comprise a ______ approach to the assessment of victims and offenders. A. multimodal B. tactical C. variable D. salutary

A. multimodal

The LSI-R is scored on the basis of record reviews and ______. A. offender interviews B. correctional staff feedback C. intelligence tests D. conviction data

A. offender interviews

A court-ordered period of correctional supervision in the community is known as ______. A. probation B. recidivism C. parole D. restitution

A. probation

The method of treatment used in a correctional facility often depends on the ______. A. professional orientation of the clinician B. involvement of the corrections officer C. age of the inmate D. meal schedule at the prison

A. professional orientation of the clinician

All of the following are central to effective treatment for batterers EXCEPT ______. A. promoting perpetrator autonomy B. encouraging retention in treatment C. supervising offenders D. mandating treatment

A. promoting perpetrator autonomy

Which theory posits that memory is continually vulnerable to revision? A. reconstructive theory of memory B. dynamic process theory C. cognitive construct processes D. revisionary repression

A. reconstructive theory of memory

What is the leading cause of death in jails? A. suicide B. murder by fellow detainee C. negligent homicide committed by facility staff D. drug overdose

A. suicide

High-security prisons or units within a facility designed to hold the most violent inmates are called ______. A. supermax prisons B. specialized facilities C. boot camps D. intermediate sanctions

A. supermax prisons

A majority of federal inmates are in the custody of ______. A. the Federal Bureau of Prisons B. prison hospitals C. state correctional facilities D. privately managed institutions

A. the Federal Bureau of Prisons

A treatment model in which trained counselors work with a small group of offenders, establish therapeutic relationships, and engage them in the process of changing substance abuse behavior is called ______. A. therapeutic community B. aftercare treatment C. multi-systemic therapy D. structural interviewing

A. therapeutic community

Psychological distress experienced by clinicians as a result of working with traumatized victims is called ______. A. vicarious traumatization B. post-traumatic stress disorder C. psychological variance D. subversive reaction

A. vicarious traumatization

Which statement most accurately summarizes research on family violence? A. Family violence primarily occurs in lower socioeconomic families. B. Family violence occurs at all socioeconomic levels, races, and ethnic groups. C. Family violence is more prevalent in families with young children. D. Family violence frequently results in the death of one or more family members.

B. Family violence occurs at all socioeconomic levels, races, and ethnic groups.

Which organization published 66 standards in 2010 to offer direction and support to practitioners working in a correctional setting? A. National Commission on Correctional Health Care B. International Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychology C. American Psychological Association D. American Society for Forensic Psychiatrists

B. International Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychology

Yvette Young is a psychologist at the Federal Correctional Institution, Schuylkill. Sandy Slate is a social worker at the Federal Correctional Institution, Terre Haute. Which professional is more likely to use group therapy as part of treatment and why? A. Sandy Slate because group therapy is more effective with violent offenders B. Sandy Slate because group therapy is more likely to be used in the social work discipline C. Yvette Young because psychologists typically use all available treatment approaches D. Yvette Young because

B. Sandy Slate because group therapy is more likely to be used in the social work discipline

What do non-criminogenic needs and criminogenic needs have in common? A. They both strongly correlate with criminal behavior. B. They are both dynamic factors. C. They both serve as treatment goals. D. They are both static factors.

B. They are both dynamic factors.

Which industrialized country has the highest incarceration rate? A. Australia B. United States C. Canada D. United Kingdom

B. United States

Which group is the most common perpetrator of elder abuse? A. medical professionals B. adult children C. neighbors D. spouses

B. adult children

Electronic monitoring, house arrest, and day reporting are examples of ______. A. sanctioned retention B. community corrections C. lenient sentencing D. probation requirements

B. community corrections

A major difference between child abuse and elder abuse is that unlike a child abuse victim, an elder abuse victim is presumed to be ______. A. belligerent B. competent C. mentally disordered D. physically frail

B. competent

Official data indicate that violence perpetrated by men against women is best described as persistent and ______. A. subjective B. escalating C. predictable D. fatal

B. escalating

Acquisition, storage, and retrieval are the components of ______. A. repression B. human memory C. reconstructive theory D. cognitive templates

B. human memory

Recent studies have found that most acquaintance and child abductions are ______. A. related to human trafficking B. motivated by the offender's sexual interest in the child C. perpetrated by isolated and dissatisfied coworkers D. located on school property

B. motivated by the offender's sexual interest in the child

According to James Bonta, the third generation of standardized risk/needs assessment takes into consideration factors such as ______. A. mental and medical history B. one's attitude toward authority C. family support and individual functioning D. support and rehabilitation services

B. one's attitude toward authority

The case histories of Munchausen syndrome by proxy frequently document a(n) ______ mother and a(n) ______ father. A. warm; critical B. overinvolved; emotionally distant C. indulgent; badgering D. alcoholic; absentee

B. overinvolved; emotionally distant

Which type of parental kidnappers are considered the most dangerous to the child? A. parents who kidnap for revenge B. parents who have a history of domestic violence C. parents who are not divorced D. parents who have little social support

B. parents who have a history of domestic violence

Federal and state prisons hold only ______. A. males who have been arrested B. persons convicted of felonies C. individuals convicted of a crime D. violent males and nonpregnant females

B. persons convicted of felonies

Imagine you are a practitioner working with a victim of IPV. What is the most important factor to consider? A. prior criminal history of the perpetrator B. the safety of the victim(s) C. the stability of the family unit D. rehabilitation potential of the perpetrator

B. the safety of the victim(s)

How many times must a woman experience the cycle of violence before she qualifies for battered woman syndrome? A. once B. twice C. three times D. at least five times

B. twice

Which statement best summarizes the psychological research on solitary confinement? A. Solitary confinement is a necessary punitive measure for violent inmates for short periods of time. B. Solitary confinement is most effective when used for an offender with a mental disorder. C. Because solitary confinement has detrimental effects on both inmates and correctional officers, it should not be used for extended periods of time. D. Compared to the rest of the inmate population, inmates in supermax prisons are better able to tolerate conditions of solitary confinement as long as they have adequate food, water, and medical care.

C. Because solitary confinement has detrimental effects on both inmates and correctional officers, it should not be used for extended periods of time.

Which assessment instrument measures the extent of intimate partner violence? A. Spousal Assault Risk Assessment B. Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment C. Conflict Tactics Scales D. Domestic Violence Risk Appraisal Guide

C. Conflict Tactics Scales

Who first coined the term battered woman syndrome? A. Martin Seligman B. Roger Levesque C. Lenore Walker D. Janet Warren

C. Lenore Walker

Which statement about child abuse is correct? A. Rates of child physical abuse have been steadily declining since the early 1980s. B. The majority of child abuse victims experience three types of abuse. C. Rates of child sexual abuse have declined since the 1990s. D. Boys are more likely than girls to experience physical and emotional abuse.

C. Rates of child sexual abuse have declined since the 1990s.

Active, passive, and sexual are three types of ______. A. elder abuse B. batterer C. animal abuse D. repressed memory

C. animal abuse

The leading killer of abused children is ______. A. liver damage B. broken ribs C. brain trauma D. drug overdose

C. brain trauma

Which variable is a strong predictor of male perpetrated intimate partner violence? A. single parenting B. parental death in childhood C. childhood exposure to IPV D. blue-collar occupation

C. childhood exposure to IPV

Which source of support do female same-sex IPV victims typically find the most helpful? A. domestic violence shelters B. physicians C. friends D. attorneys

C. friends

According to Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart's (1994) batterer typology, which type is more likely to use weapons? A. family-only B. dysphoric/borderline C. generally violent/antisocial D. sexually-frustrated

C. generally violent/antisocial

NISMART research indicates that abducting parents are likely to ______. A. take older preteen children B. consider the feelings of the other parent C. have a supportive network of family and friends D. feel guilty about their illegal and immoral actions

C. have a supportive network of family and friends

In Atkins v. Virginia (2002), the Supreme Court ruled that it was cruel and unusual punishment to execute ______. A. individuals with schizophrenia B. offenders who are innocent C. individuals with intellectual disabilities D. mothers of minor children

C. individuals with intellectual disabilities

All of the following are problems associated with the concept of battered woman syndrome EXCEPT the ______. A. lack of focus on other cultures B. stereotypical image of helpless, depressed women C. lack of acknowledgment of women's coping skills D. emphasis on batterers' control and coercion

C. lack of acknowledgment of women's coping skills

Battering is defined as violence that is ______ and ______. A. provoked; consequential B. blameless; innocent C. physical; frequent D. refractory; fatal

C. physical; frequent

Anna is a 30-year-old new mother who has had a loss of appetite, extended episodes of crying, and suicidal thoughts since her baby was born 3 months ago. Anna feels guilty about her lack of interest in her child and is considering resuming the antidepressant she took in her early 20s. Anna is likely experiencing ______. A. postpartum blues B. postpartum psychosis C. postpartum depression D. bipolar disorder

C. postpartum depression

The term memory wars refers to the reliability of ______. A. dream analysis B. transferred hypnosis C. repressed memories D. infantile amnesia

C. repressed memories

Psychological treatment in correctional facilities generally follows principles of ______. A. transactional analysis B. responsibility therapy C. risk/needs/responsivity D. person-centered rehabilitation

C. risk/needs/responsivity

What do most treatment programs for batterers have in common? A. a focus on coping skills and relationship building B. short-term treatment that focuses on anger management C. some type of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy D. a treatment plan that addresses substance use

C. some type of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy

Juveniles are more likely to be kidnapped by ______. A. parents B. siblings C. strangers D. acquaintances

C. strangers

Parental abduction usually involves a child who is ______. A. timid B. female C. under age 6 D. pathologically attached to the mother

C. under age 6

Research suggests that the PCL-R has which shortcoming in the treatment of psychopaths? A. It focuses entirely on recidivism. B. It does not address past offending history. C. It is designed to be scored by correctional officers. D. It does not capture short-term reduction in psychopathic traits.

D. It does not capture short-term reduction in psychopathic traits.

Which statement most accurately describes postpartum psychosis? A. It often results in the death of an infant. B. It often leads to post-traumatic stress disorder. C. It is typically a recurring illness. D. It is a severe and rare disorder.

D. It is a severe and rare disorder.

Why is it so difficult to know the true number of sexual assaults that occur in prisons each year? A. Most corrections officers do not consider these incidents to be violent. B. The assaults primarily occur in overcrowded federal penitentiaries. C. Prisons and jails have no mandate to report these incidents. D. Many assaults are not reported.

D. Many assaults are not reported.

What is the difference between neonaticide and infanticide? A. Infanticide is the killing of a child by the mother, while neonaticide involves killing a child by either parent. B. Neonaticide includes a diagnosed mental disorder, while infanticide has no mental disorder component. C. Infanticide is the preferred term in the psychological literature, while neonaticide is a preferred legal term. D. Neonaticide refers to the killing of a newborn within the first 24 hours, while infanticide refers to the killing of a child up to 2 years of age.

D. Neonaticide refers to the killing of a newborn within the first 24 hours, while infanticide refers to the killing of a child up to 2 years of age.

What is the American Psychological Association's stance on the mental health professional's role in evaluating an offender's competence to be executed? A. Psychologists should not participate in these evaluations. B. Psychologists should never document that an offender is competent to be executed. C. Psychologists should not videotape the evaluation of the offender. D. Psychologists should not be sole decision makers in deciding an offender's competence to be executed.

D. Psychologists should not be sole decision makers in deciding an offender's competence to be executed.

Which statement most accurately reflects research findings on repressed memories of childhood abuse? A. The younger the victim, the more detailed the recovered memories. B. The majority of painful experiences are repressed and rarely retrieved from memory. C. The majority of repressed memory cases were caused by therapists who planted the seed in clients during hypnosis. D. Recovered memories should be corroborated, carefully assessed, and treated with caution.

D. Recovered memories should be corroborated, carefully assessed, and treated with caution.

Which one of Meuer et al.'s (2002) nine stages of domestic violence is characterized by the beginning of excessive control through psychological and emotional abuse? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4

D. Stage 4

Which of the following is a criticism of the primary treatment approach that was used in prisons during the 1960s? A. Most inmates had a history of prosocial behavior while in prison. B. Inmates did not have the intellectual capacity to recognize their erroneous beliefs. C. The mosaic of despair became central to life inside the prison. D. The results did not apply to life outside the prison.

D. The results did not apply to life outside the prison.

Critics of battered woman syndrome recommend that forensic assessments should emphasize the ______ rather than the ______ in intimate partner violence situations. A. victim's psychological functioning; stages of romantic love B. abusers who kill; abusers who intimidate C. available community resources; safety of family members D. abuser's coercion and control; victim's psychological damage

D. abuser's coercion and control; victim's psychological damage

Inmates have all of the following constitutional rights except the right to ______. A. refuse treatment B. receive psychoactive medication C. observe religious practices D. access to rehabilitation programs

D. access to rehabilitation programs

Estelle v. Gamble (1976) granted inmates the right to ______ medical treatment. A. specialized B. state-of-the-art C. life-saving D. adequate

D. adequate

Which of the following is an example of a criminogenic need? A. depression B. low self-esteem C. anxiety D. alcohol abuse

D. alcohol abuse

Which of the following individuals would most likely be held in a jail? A. a female convicted of a drug offense B. a corporate executive who has been convicted of embezzlement C. a male adult convicted of forcible rape D. an alleged drug dealer awaiting trial

D. an alleged drug dealer awaiting trial

Which individual is most likely to be the victim of a stranger child abduction? A. a preschool boy who is kidnapped by his uncle while at the beach B. a middle school boy who is kidnapped by his teacher while at school C. a preschool girl who is kidnapped by a stranger at a park D. an elementary school girl who is kidnapped by a stranger while at an amusement park

D. an elementary school girl who is kidnapped by a stranger while at an amusement park

Where do most cases of elder abuse occur? A. in a hospital B. in a nursing home C. at work D. at home

D. at home

Imagine you are conducting an evaluation of one's competency to be executed. Which component would be the most important in your evaluation? A. review of legal, health, and prison records B. interviews with corrections officers C. psychological testing D. clinical interview of the prisoner

D. clinical interview of the prisoner

Which service are psychologists most likely to perform in jail? A. substance abuse treatment B. chronic disease prevention C. AIDS education D. crisis intervention

D. crisis intervention

According to research by Patihis et al. (2014), which group was the most skeptical about the recovery of repressed memories? A. college undergraduates B. college graduates C. practicing mental health clinicians D. experimental psychologists

D. experimental psychologists

One future change in institutional corrections will likely involve a(n) ______. A. increase in the overall recidivism rate for violent offenders B. decrease in mental health needs of incarcerated individuals C. positive outcomes of the war on drugs D. growth of private prisons

D. growth of private prisons

One of the major determinants of the emotional impact on victims of child parental abductions is the ______. A. parents' relationship immediately before the abduction B. age of the child C. quality of the child's relationship with the abductor D. length of time separated from the left-behind parent

D. length of time separated from the left-behind parent

In Brown v. Plata (2011), the Supreme Court ruled that inmate mental health care had deteriorated in the state of California because of ______. A. a lack of trained psychologists B. an influx of violent offenders C. increased electronic monitoring D. prison overcrowding

D. prison overcrowding

The PCL-R, VRAG, and the HCR-20 are psychological tests typically administered at which stage of an inmate's incarceration? A. entry B. crisis C. atonement D. release

D. release

Which of the following is an example of self-directed violence? A. homicide B. solitary confinement C. electronic monitoring D. suicide

D. suicide

Who decides which inmates are assigned to particular rehabilitation programs such as job training and substance abuse education? A. the inmate B. the correctional psychologist C. the victim's family D. the corrections official

D. the corrections official

An assessment of the attitudes, desires, and motivations of an individual is known as special guardianship. T/F

F

Desertion of an older adult at a hospital or nursing home is an example of elder financial abuse. T/F

F

Family-only batterers exhibit mental disorders, engage in extreme violence, and have a long history of arrests. T/F

F

Most infanticides are committed by women suffering from postpartum depression. T/F

F

Professional caregivers are the most frequent abusers of older adults. T/F

F

Research suggests that intimate partner violence in same-sex relationships is rare. T/F

F

The Spousal Assault Risk Assessment (SARA) is typically scored by police officers. T/F

F

The human cognitive system is unlimited in its information processing capacity and has a unique ability to simultaneously attend to everything going on in the environment. T/F

F

The inability to recall events before age three is called repressed memory. T/F

F

The majority of victims of Munchausen syndrome by proxy are teenage girls. T/F

F

Very few courts in the United States allow repressed-memory testimony. T/F

F

Child abduction is relatively rare among violent crimes against children and adolescents. T/F

T

Research has found that when evaluating children for abuse, children are susceptible to suggestive close-ended questions. T/F

T

Research suggests a strong relationship between pet abuse and child abuse. T/F

T

The NISMART survey provides common behavioral and psychological characteristics of parental abductors. T/F

T