Forensics Chapter 6

It is estimated that there are as many as ----- ridge characteristics in an average complete fingerprint.

150

The FBI's IAFIS became fully operational in:

1999

In the Primary Classification scheme, the left index finger has a potential value of:

2

What percentage of the population falls into the 1/1 Primary Classification category?

25%

The first systematic system individual classification and identification was introduced by:

Alphonse Bertillion

Which step of the ACE-V process requires the examiner to identify any distortions associated with the friction ridges?

Analysis

Which statement is true of a partial fingerprint?

Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics.

A fingerprint pattern having no delta is an:

Arch

the fingerprint pattern accounting for only 5% of all known patterns is the:

Arch

Livescan images of fingerprints:

Are sent to the AFIS database electronically, have eliminated the need for inked prints on paper cards, are captured when the subject's fingers and palms are placed onto a glass platen.

The most commonly encountered ridge characteristic (Used by AFIS) are the:

Bifurcation and ridge ending

Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of ----- and -----.

Bifurcations; ridge endings

Superglue fuming is NOT suitable for use on:

Cardboard

AFIS is a:

Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records

Which is NOT a ridge characteristic of a fingerprint?

Core

Which substance is a substitute for ninhydrin?

DFO

to permanently alter the fingerprint and produce scars, one must damage the:

Dermal papillae

Fingerprints are formed:

During fetal development

A final conclusion made using the ACE-V process is either the individualization or elimination of a print (T/F)

False

A latent fingerprint is a fingerprint made by the deposit of oils and/ or perspiration that is visible to the naked eye (T/F)

False

Digital imaging is still effective in enhancing latent fingerprints even if details of the print do not exist on the original images (T/F)

False

It is possible to obscure one's fingerprints by scarring (T/F)

False

Loops include ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular and have two deltas (T/F)

False

RUVIS detect prints by using chemical treatments (T/F)

False

Soft and porous surfaces are preferably developed by applying fingerprint powder or treating with Superglue (T/F)

False

The comparison step of the ACE-V process requires the comparison of the known and unknown print at two different levels (T/F)

False

The second fundamental theory of fingerprints states that a fingerprints remains unchanged once the individual enters adulthood (T/F)

False

The three kinds of crime scene fingerprints are visible prints, invisible prints and latent prints (T/F)

False

When using AFIS, the computer makes the final verification of the print's identity (T/F)

False

A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces is:

Fuming with cyanoacrylate

Will West was the man who:

Had a virtual "double" with a similar name.

The fingerprint classification system used in most English speaking countries was devised by:

Henry

Currently, which of the following, in conjunction with chemically induced fluorescence, is most often used to visualize latent prints?

High intensity light sources

Sublimation occurs with the use of:

Iodine fuming

The order in which chemical treatments to visualize latent prints be performed:

Iodine fuming, ninhydrin and physical developer

Which of the following is NOT true about digital imaging?

It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints.

Which person listed below attempted to destroy his fingerprints with corrosive acid?

John Dillinger

The number of deltas found in an arch pattern is ----- the number of deltas found in a loop pattern.

Less than

The value of ridge patterns in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint is -----the value of type and position of ridge characteristics in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint.

Less than

The most common ridge pattern is the:

Loop

Dusting to visualize a latent print on finished leather and rough plastic is best done with a:

Magna brush

A point by point comparison of a fingerprint's------- must be demonstrated in order to prove identity.

Minutiae

Protein residues are best developed into fingerprint impressions with;

Ninhydrin

What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before two fingerprints can be identified as the same?

No minimum exists

Under which circumstances have two people have been found to have identical fingerprints?

None to date

The image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots called:

Pixels

If an imaginary line drawn between the two deltas of a whorl pattern touches any of spiral ridges, the pattern is classified as a:

Plain whorl

Prints impressed in a bar of soap are referred to as:

Plastic

Which of the following types of fingerprints are more likely to be found impressed in soft wax?

Plastic

Ninhydrin is used on a latent print to detect:

Protein material

Investigators can use ----- to detect latent fingerprints without use of chemicals or power treatments.

RUVIS

The friction skin ridges:

Resist slippage and provide a firmer grip

The AFIS----- determines the degree of ------ between the location and relationship of the minutiae between the questioned fingerprint and those in the database.

Search algorithm; correlation

Physical developer contains:

Silver nitrate

The pores of the sweat glands are located in the:

Skin ridges

Which chemical treatment produces a white appearing latent print?

Superglue fuming

After successfully visualizing a latent print on an object, an investigator should next:

Take a 1:1 photograph of the print

Which is NOT considered a porous surface?

Tile

A loop must have at least one delta (T/F)

True

After the latent print has been visualized, a photograph must be taken before any further attempts at preservation (T/F)

True

Digital imaging is a process through which a picture is converted into pixels (T/F)

True

Loops are the most common type of fingerprint patterns (T/F)

True

Ridge characteristcs are ridge endings, bifurcations, enclosures, and other ridge details, which must match in two fingerprints to establish their common origin (T/F)

True

The ACE-V process requires an independent examination by a second examiner (T/F)

True

The perspiration in fingerprints contains a variety of components that fluoresce when illuminated by laser light (T/F)

True

The primary classification is the first step in classifying fingerprints under the FBI system (T/F)

True

The shape of the boundary formed from dermal papillae determines the fingerprint pattern (T/F)

True

The third fundamental principle of fingerprints is that fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be systematically classified (T/F)

True

a plain arch is the simplest of all fingerprint patterns (T/F)

True

In the Primary classification system, a finger is assigned numerical value if its pattern is a:

Whorl

A primary classification of 9/3 means that there are:

Whorls on the LEFT INDEX and RIGHT RING fingers.

The second fundamental principle of fingerprints is that a fingerprint is an individual characteristic (T/F)

false

sir Francis Galton, in writing his textbook on fingerprints, built on the groundbreaking work in this area by:

fauld

Prints that are not readily visible are commonly referred to as:

latent