Foundations Exam 1
One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to:
generate knowledge to guide practice. RATIONALE One of the major reasons for conducting nursing research is to generate knowledge to guide practice. The other answers pertain to other aspects of nursing practice but not to nursing research.
The Standards of Practice provide nurses with
guidelines for providing care.
A student nurse understands that the primary aim of the Healthy People 2020 initiatives is
health promotion
Which of the following set of terms best describes nursing at the end of the Middle Ages?
purpose, direction, leadership
The nurse is discussing entry level for professional nursing practices. Which of the following is the most accurate statement by the nurse?
"BSN is the recommended entry level by national nursing organization."
Which of the following nursing groups provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing?
ANA
After hearing a presentation about the American Nurses Association (ANA), a nurse decides to join the organization based on the understanding that
ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in the United States.
A client admitted to the telemetry floor informs the nurse that he has an advance directive and does not wish to be resuscitated if his heart stops beating. The client takes a copy of the advance directive from his wallet and hands it to the nurse. The nurse documents on the electronic chart that the client has an advance directive, makes a copy of the advance directive, and immediately informs the patient's physician. In this situation, what is the nursing role demonstrated by the nurse?
Advocate
A nurse is helping a patient on hospice make an informed decision about his own health and life. Which nursing role has this nurse performed?
Advocate
Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice?
American Nurses Association
A nurse is considering relocating to another state to practice nursing. Which of the following is the most appropriate action by the nurse to ensure ability to practice in the new state?
Applying for a reciprical license in the new state
The nurse caring for a client with a new diagnosis of cancer allows the client to verbalize fears relating to how to tell the children. The nurse's intervention reflects which aspect of nursing?
Art of nursing
Which of the following actions by the nurse best represents the evaluative portion of the nursing process?
Assessing a client's blood pressure after teaching stress reduction techniques
Which of the following is the best example of the nurse in the role of teacher/educator?
Assessing if the client is able to perform a dressing change
Nurse H. graduated several years ago from a 2-year nursing program that he took at a community college near his home city. Recently, Nurse H. has considered moving from providing direct patient care into an administrative role, but he recognizes the need to further his education in order to be considered for such a position. Nurse H. most likely possesses which of the following nursing qualifications?
Associate degree
A male nurse who is of Hispanic descent completes a nursing degree at a local community college in two years. This nurse has completed what type of nursing education program?
Associate degree in nursing
Which of the following is the best example of a nurse attending an inservice program?
Attending a hospital program on how to use a new IV pump
A registered nurse plans to return to the nursing profession after a long hiatus. Which statement about the trend in health care services would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind?
Clients enter the health care system acutely ill.
A nurse practitioner considering going back to school to obtain a Doctor of Nursing Practice Degree (DNP) anticipates that the main focus of the curriculum will be on which of the following?
Clinical practice
A client is brought to the emergency department with a head injury following an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) accident. The nurse asks the family members to describe how the accident occurred. The nurse is implementing which ANA Standard?
Collaboration
When conducting quantitative research, the researcher collects information to support a hypothesis. This information would be identified as:
Data RATIONALE Data refer to information that the researcher collects from subjects in the study (expressed in numbers).
There are various levels of preparation for nursing practice. Which degree program will best prepare a nurse to work as a nurse researcher?
Doctoral
What is the best nursing intervention to promote health in a client at risk for heart disease?
Emphasizing a client's strengths to encourage weight loss
Which of the following actions should the nurse implement when working with a medically homeless client?
Encourage client to utilize the free healthcare clinic
Which of the following nursing actions best exemplifies the nurse's role in promoting health?
Encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity.
A nurse studies the culture of Native Alaskans to determine how their diet affects their overall state of health. Which method of qualitative research is the nurse using?
Ethnography RATIONALE Ethnographic research was developed by the discipline of anthropology and is used to examine issues of culture of interest to nursing.
Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice?
Evidence-based research RATIONALE Evidence-based research is translational research that forms the bridge between theory and practice. Theory development is how desirable change in society is best achieved. Client-focused care is care provided to a client that maintains the client as a functional component of healthcare team. Case management is when care is provided to an individual client by a healthcare provider.
A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICOT format. What does the letter P represent?
Explicit descriptions of the population of interest RATIONALE The P in the PICOT format represents an explicit description of the patient population of interest.
A man age 61 years is distraught because he has just learned that his most recent computed tomography (CT) scan shows that his colon cancer has metastasized to his lungs. Which of the following nursing aims should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this patient?
Facilitating coping
A nurse is discussing the history of the profession with a client and describes that a shift in societal focus from religion to warfare had a negative impact on nursing due to which of the following?
Female criminals recruited as nurses
The registered nurse is performing a nutritional assessment to ensure that the client's diet is optimal for wound healing. The nurse's intervention can be traced back to which of nursing's key people's contributions to nursing
Florence Nightingale
The nurse recognizes that immunizations are an example of:
Illness prevention
A nurse manager is teaching staff how to use a new piece of hospital equipment. What educational setting would be most appropriate for this process?
In-service education
Which of the following is the best example of the nurse implementing QSEN competencies?
Including the client in the morning rounds
What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War?
Lack of educational standards
Who established the first public health service for the sick and poor?
Lillian Wald
A charge nurse meets with staff to outline a plan to provide transcultural nursing care for patients in their health care facility. Which theorist promoted this type of caring as the central theme of nursing care, knowledge, and practice?
Madeline Leininger RATIONALE Madeline Leininger's theory provides the foundations of transcultural nursing care by making caring the central theme of nursing.
A nurse practicing in the early Christian period might perform which nursing action characteristic of this era?
Making organized visits to the sick
Attracting minorities to the profession of nursing is an important consideration for the future of nursing. Which of the following key historical nursing figures set a precedent in this area?
Mary Elizabeth Mahoney
A nurse wishes to pursue a degree as a nurse practitioner. What is the minimal degree needed by the nurse?
Masters
Which of the following is a characteristic of nursing practiced from early civilization to the 16th century?
Most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes.
The nurse notes the initials APRN after a nurse who is ordering a client's medications. According to ANA standards of nursing practice, which of the following is the correct action by the nurse?
No action is needed. This is within the ANA standards for APRNs.
A nurse identifies a patient's health care needs and devises a plan of care to meet those needs. Which guideline is being followed in this case?
Nursing process
The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?
Nursing process
Which of the following might a nurse need to do to ensure the continuation of his/her nursing license?
Obtain continuing education credits
A student nurse interacting with patients on a cardiac unit recognizes the four concepts in nursing theory that determine nursing practice. Of these four, which is most important?
Person RATIONALE Of the four concepts, the most important is the person. The focus of nursing, regardless of definition or theory, is the person.
A nurse manager schedules a clinic for the staff to address common nursing interventions used in the facility and to explore how they can be performed more efficiently and effectively. The nurse manager's actions to change clinical practice are an example of a situation described by which nursing theory?
Prescriptive theory RATIONALE Prescriptive theories address nursing interventions and are designed to control, promote, and change clinical nursing practice.
A nurse has recently completed the administration of seasonal influenza vaccinations for the residents of a long-term care facility. Which of the following aims of nursing has the most clearly demonstrated?
Preventing illness
Teaching a woman about breast self-examination is an example of what broad aim of nursing?
Preventing illness
During the Christian era, nursing care excluded which area?
Psychiatric services
A nurse is conducting quantitative research to examine the effects of following nursing protocols in the emergency department (ED) on patient outcomes. This is also known as what type of research?
Quasi-experimental RATIONALE Quasi-experimental research is often conducted in clinical settings to examine hte effects of nursing interventions on patient outcomes.
The diploma nurse is considering obtaining a baccalaureate degree. Which degree should the nurse investigate?
RN to BSN
Which of the following nursing interventions would be the most appropriate for a new mother that calls the nursery for help with breastfeeding?
Refer the mother for a home care visit.
Which of the following Standards of Professional Performance, as defined by the ANA, has the nurse considering factors related to safety, effectiveness, cost, and the impact on practice in the planning and delivery of nursing services?
Resource Utilization
The nurse is using the nursing process to care for a client and is in the process of making a nursing diagnosis for the client. Which of the following best reflects a nursing diagnosis?
Risk for falls
The nurse is utilizing knowledge about a blood pressure medication's actions and side effects to determine whether or not to give a client whose blood pressure is low, the prescribed blood pressure medication. Which of the following best describes the aspect of nursing demonstrated?
Science of nursing
Florence Nightingale was a nursing pioneer who challenged prejudices against women and elevated the status of all nurses. Which statement accurately describes one of her accomplishments?
She promoted the publication of books about nursing and health care.
The nurse asks a client about his spiritual health. Which statement best explains the standard of care utilized by the nurse?
The RN collects comprehensive data.
The registered nurse communicates with the physical therapist that a client is now on strict bed rest due to bradycardia. Which statement best explains the standard exemplified by the nurse?
The RN coordinates care delivery
The nurse conducts a home safety assessment for a client. Which statement best explains the standard of care being implemented?
The RN promotes a safe environment.
Which of the following is the best example of client-centered approach to care?
The nurse asking the client about his or her health goals
Which of the following nurses is demonstrating a type of nursing whose roots go back to the ancient Greek times when temples were the center of nursing care?
The nurse conducting a blood pressure screening at a local church
A nurse wishes to advance his or her career and work as a clinical nurse specialist. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind?
The nurse may teach advanced education for nurses
A group of nursing students has attended a presentation about the National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA). Which statement by the group indicates that they have understood the information presented?
The organization provides programs of current professional interest.
A nurse is providing care for patients in a long-term care facility. Based on the definitions of nursing in the textbook, what should be the central focus of this care?
The patient receiving the care
A student nurse asks an experienced nurse why it is necessary to change the patient's bed every day. The nurse answers: "I guess we have just always done it that way." This answer is an example of what type of knowledge?
Traditional knowledge RATIONALE Traditional knowledge is the part of nursing practice that passed down from generation to generation, often without reasearch data to support it.
What is the primary purpose of standards of nursing practice?
to ensure knowledgeable, safe, comprehensive nursing care
One of the American Nurse Association's (ANA) standards of nursing practice is collegiality. In which of the following examples is the nurse utilizing this standard? Select all that apply.
• A nurse helps a colleague write a journal article. • A nurse encourages a colleague to join the hospital journal club. • A nurse encourages a colleague to join the ANA.
During the course of any given day of work in the acute care setting, the nurse may need to perform which of the following roles? Select all that apply.
• Communicator • Counselor • Teacher
A newly hired nurse consults the nurse practice act affecting her new facility. What are examples of the realm of authority of a nurse practice act? (Select all that apply.)
• Defining the legal scope of nursing practice • Excluding untrained and unlicensed people from practicing nursing • Establishing the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses • Defining legal requirements and titles for RNs and LPNs
The nurse discussing emergent pathways to the nursing profession includes which of the following? Select all that apply
• Entry level masters degree programs • RN completion programs for LPNs
A nurse applies for membership in a professional nursing organization that is operating in the United States. To which organizations might this nurse apply? (Select all that apply.)
• ICN • AACN • ANA
Which of the following have been identified by the National League for Nursing (NLN) as trends in nursing education? Select all that apply.
• Increased diversity • Need for collaborative practice • Advances in nursing research • Challenge of managed care
The nurse conducting a community assessment that focuses on Healthy People 2020 leading Health Indicators would include which of the following in the assessment? Select all that apply.
• Number of health clinics • The violent crime rate • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome rate
The nurse is conducting a community education class on the 2011 Institute of Medicine Report on the role of nursing in transforming healthcare. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
• Nurse practitioners should be allowed to practice independently. • Barriers to diploma nurses achieving a BSN should be removed.
In which of the following examples is the nurse demonstrating the nursing role of leadership? Select all that apply.
• Participation on evidence-based practice council • Developing and implementing a quality improvement project • President of local chapter of Sigma Theta Tau International
Which nursing actions demonstrate the aim of nursing to promote health? (Select all that apply.)
• Serving as a role model of health for patients by maintaining a healthy weight • Increasing student awareness of sexually transmitted diseases by distributing informational pamphlets at a college health center • Facilitating decisions about lifestyles that would enhance the well-being of a teenager
Which nursing actions demonstrate the aim of nursing to facilitate coping? (Select all that apply.)
• Teaching a patient and his/her family how to live with diabetes • Assisting a patient and his/her family to prepare for death • Providing counseling for the family of a teenager with an eating disorder
Which of the following are the best examples of the role of the nurse as a communicator? Select all that apply.
• Telling a client their blood pressure • Calling a physician about a client's blood pressure • Informing the physical therapist that client's therapy was discontinued
The nurse is caring for a client who ascribes to the theory of animism. When attempting to explain this theory to other staff members, the nurse should state which of the following?
"Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces."
The registered nurse is teaching a community health class about illness prevention. Which of the following statements reflects understanding of this concept?
"It is important to enroll in a smoking cessation class."
The nurse is attempting to provide anticipatory guidance for the parents of an eighteen-month-old boy. Which of the following would be the best statement for the nurse to make?
"Keep all medications in a locked cabinet.
The nurse is explaining to another nurse why there should be only one entry into the profession. What is the best statement by the nurse?
"Multiple methods of preparation is confusing to consumers."
A client asks asks an RN to prescribe a medication for pain. Which of the following is the best answer by the nurse?
"Only advanced practice registered nurses have prescriptive authority."
A nurse conducting an inservice on the early history of the education of nurses should include which of the following statements?
"The focus was on students providing direct care to clients without pay."
A nurse is using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice (JHNEBP) model PET as a clinical decision-making tool when delivering care to patients. Which steps reflect the intended use of this tool? Select all that apply.
-A nurse recruits an interprofessional team to develop and refine an EBP question. -A nurse searches the Internet to find the latest treatments for type 2 diabetes. -A nurse questions the protocol for assessing postoperative patients in the ICU.
A nurse is using general systems theory to describe the role of nursing to provide health promotion and patient teaching. Which statements reflect key points of this theory? Select all that apply.
-The whole system is always greater than the sum of its parts. -Boundaries separate systems from each other and their environments. -To survive, open systems maintain balance through feedback.
Which of the following is the best example of a nurse in the role of counselor?
A nurse allowing a crying client to verbalize their fears of death
In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin?
18th to 19th century
The nurse is evaluating client health. Which of the following clients should the nurse determine to be exhibiting the most signs of health?
A client with a leg amputation that performs activities of daily living with a prothesis
The nurse is describing the role of the nurse entrepreneur. Which of the following statements best describe this role?
A nurse who manages a health-related business Correct
Which advanced nurse practitioner is best qualified to provide prenatal care for a pregnant client?
A nurse-midwife
The role of medicine developed from the pre-civilization era, through the eras signifying the beginning of civilization, the beginning of the 16th century, the 18th and 19th centuries, and the World War II era to the present. Place the events that defined these eras listed below in the correct chronologic order to follow this timeline.
Belief in good and evil spirits bringing health or illness existed; medicine men were physicians. Temples were the centers of medical care; belief that illness is caused by sin and the displeasure of the gods existed; priests were physicians. Focus on religion was replaced by a focus on warfare, exploration, and expansion of knowledge. Hospital schools were organized; female nurses were under control of male hospital administrators and physicians; males dominated the health care setting. An explosion of knowledge in medicine and technology occurred. Varied health care settings developed.
A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which is true regarding nurse researchers?
They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing.
The nurse working with an LPN understands which of the following about LPNs?
They must take a licensure exam
Why are nursing organizations important for the continued development and improvement of nursing as a whole?
To set standards for nursing education and practice
During the Reformation, what factor influenced the decline of nursing?
Women's subordination to men
The RN is working with hospital administration to transform care at their facility. Which of the following nursing competencies will be critical for the nurse to utilize?
Work effectively in interdisciplinary teams
The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?
World War II
Establishing the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses is a component of:
a state's nurse practice act
