Foundations Exam 2 (PrepU)

To evaluate a client's cerebellar function, a nurse should ask: a) "Do you have any problems with balance?" b) "Do you have any difficulty speaking?" c) "Do you have any trouble swallowing food or fluids?" d) "Have you noticed any changes in your muscle strength?"

a) "Do you have any problems with balance?"

Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a client with double vision in the right eye due to MS? a) Apply an eye patch to the right eye. b) Exercise the right eye twice a day. c) Place needed items on the right side. d) Administer eye drops as needed.

a) Apply an eye patch to the right eye.

A nurse notes on the electronic medical record of a post-lumbar puncture patient an abnormal CSF value. Which of the following is the minimal level that is an abnormal value? a) 190 mm H2O b) 210 mm H2O c) 140 mm H2O d) 160 mm H2O

b) 210 mm H2O

A client is receiving baclofen for management of symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis. The nurse evaluates the effectiveness of this medication by assessing which of the following? a) Sleep pattern b) Muscle spasms c) Appetite d) Mood and affect

b) Muscle spasms

Which finding indicates increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) in the client who has sustained a head injury? a) Increased pulse b) Widened pulse pressure c) Decreased respirations d) Decreased body temperature

b) Widened pulse pressure

Hyperglycemia for a patient with a TBI may worsen the outcome of recovery. Select a serum glucose level that is considered critical. a) 120 mg/dL b) 140 mg/dL c) 180 mg/dL d) 80 mg/dL

c) 180 mg/dL

How often should neurologic assessments and vital signs be taken initially for the patient receiving tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)? a) Every 30 minutes b) Every hour c) Every 15 minutes d) Every 45 minutes

c) Every 15 minutes

Autonomic dysreflexia can occur with spinal cord injuries above which of the following levels? a) S2 b) T10 c) T6 d) L4

c) T6

The spinal cord is composed of 31 pairs of spinal nerves. How many pairs of thoracic nerves are contained within the spinal column? a) Five b) One c) Twelve d) Eight

c) Twelve

A stroke victim is experiencing memory loss and impaired learning capacity. The nurse knows that brain damage has most likely occurred in which lobe? a) Occipital b) Parietal c) Temporal d) Frontal

d) Frontal

Which of the following neurotransmitters are deficient in myasthenia gravis? a) GABA b) Serotonin c) Acetylcholine d) Dopamine

c) Acetylcholine

Which of the following diagnostic studies provides visualization of cerebral blood vessels? a) Positron emission tomography (PET) b) Cytologic studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) c) Cerebral angiography d) Computer-assisted stereotactic biopsy

c) Cerebral angiography

Which of the following areas of the brain are responsible for temperature regulation? a) Medulla b) Thalamus c) Hypothalamus d) Pons

c) Hypothalamus

The nurse is caring for a client with aphasia. Which strategy will the nurse use to facilitate communication with the client? a) Establishing eye contact b) Speaking in complete sentences c) Avoiding the use of hand gestures d) Speaking loudly

a) Establishing eye contact

You are a neurotrauma nurse working in a neuro ICU. What would you know is an acute emergency and is seen in clients with a cervical or high thoracic spinal cord injury after the spinal shock subsides? a) Paraplegia b) Autonomic dysreflexia c) Areflexia d) Tetraplegia

b) Autonomic dysreflexia

A nurse caring for a patient with head trauma will be monitoring the patient for Cushing's triad. What will the nurse recognize as the symptoms associated with Cushing's triad? Select all that apply. a) Pupillary constriction b) Bradypnea c) Tachycardia d) Hypertension e) Bradycardia

b) Bradypnea d) Hypertension e) Bradycardia

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a hemorrhagic stroke. The nurse recognizes that which intervention is most important? a) Elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees b) Maintaining a patent airway c) Monitoring for seizure activity d) Administering a stool softener

b) Maintaining a patent airway

A patient is having a lumbar puncture and the physician has removed 20 mL of cerebrospinal fluid. What nursing intervention is a priority after the procedure? a) Early ambulation b) Have the patient lie in a semi-Fowler's position with the head of the bed at 30º. c) Have the patient lie flat for 6 hours. d) Have the patient lie flat for 1 hour and then sit for 1 hour before ambulating.

c) Have the patient lie flat for 6 hours.

The nurse is performing an initial assessment on a client admitted with a possible brain abscess. Which of the following would the nurse most likely find? a) Nuchal rigidity b) Diplopia that is constant c) Headache that is worse in the morning d) Ptosis that is more pronounced at the end of the day

c) Headache that is worse in the morning

A nurse is providing care to a client who has been diagnosed with metastatic brain cancer. When developing the client's plan of care, which outcome would the nurse most likely identify? a) Elimination of distressing signs and symptoms b) Removal of all or part of the tumor c) Improved quality of life d) Reduced incidence of recurrence

c) Improved quality of life

Which phase of a migraine headache usually lasts less than an hour? a) Premonitory b) Aura c) Headache d) Postdrome

b) Aura

During recovery from a stroke, a client is given nothing by mouth to help prevent aspiration. To determine when the client is ready for a liquid diet, the nurse assesses the client's swallowing ability once per shift. This assessment evaluates: a) cranial nerves I and II. b) cranial nerves VI and VIII. c) cranial nerves IX and X. d) cranial nerves III and V.

c) cranial nerves IX and X.

A nurse knows that, for a patient with an ischemic stroke, tPA is contraindicated if the blood pressure reading is: a) 190 mm Hg/120 mm Hg b) 185 mm Hg/110 mm Hg c) 175 mm Hg/100 mm Hg d) 170 mm Hg/105 mm Hg

a) 190 mm Hg/120 mm Hg

A client is transferred to the intensive care unit after evacuation of a subdural hematoma. Which nursing intervention reduces the client's risk of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)? a) Administering a stool softener as ordered b) Suctioning the client once each shift c) Encouraging oral fluid intake d) Elevating the head of the bed 90 degrees

a) Administering a stool softener as ordered

Which of the following is a hallmark of spinal metastases? a) Pain b) Nausea c) Fatigue d) Change in level of consciousness (LOC)

a) Pain

A patient has been diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis at a community living home. When should prophylactic therapy begin for those who have had close contact with the patient? a) Within 24 hours after exposure b) Within 48 hours after exposure c) Therapy is not necessary prophylactically and should only be used if the person develops symptoms. d) Within 72 hours after exposure

a) Within 24 hours after exposure

Bone density testing in clients with post-polio syndrome has demonstrated a) low bone mass and osteoporosis. b) no significant findings. c) calcification of long bones. d) osteoarthritis.

a) low bone mass and osteoporosis.

Which are characteristics of autonomic dysreflexia? a) severe hypertension, slow heart rate, pounding headache, sweating b) severe hypotension, slow heart rate, anxiety, dry skin c) severe hypertension, tachycardia, blurred vision, dry skin d) severe hypotension, tachycardia, nausea, flushed skin

a) severe hypertension, slow heart rate, pounding headache, sweating

A client is scheduled for standard EEG testing to evaluate a possible seizure disorder. Which nursing intervention should the nurse perform before the procedure? a) Maintain NPO status for 6 hours before the procedure b) Withhold anticonvulsant medications for 24 to 48 hours before the exam c) Instruct the client that a standard EEG takes 2 hours d) Sedate the client before the procedure, per orders

b) Withhold anticonvulsant medications for 24 to 48 hours before the exam

The nurse is performing a neurologic assessment on a client diagnosed with a stroke and cannot elicit a gag reflex. This deficit is related to which of the following cranial nerves? a) VII b) X c) VIII d) III

b) X

A nurse is conducting a neurological assessment of a patient who has just been admitted to the unit. In preparation for assessing the patient for pronator drift, what instructions should the nurse provide to the patient? a) "Please close your eyes and then touch the tip of your nose with one index finger and then the other." b) "Please lift one leg a few inches off the bed and hold it as still as possible." c) "Please hold your arms straight out with your palms pointing up to the ceiling." d) "Please close your eyes and then walk a few steps with one foot directly in front of the other."

c) "Please hold your arms straight out with your palms pointing up to the ceiling."

When planning care for a client with a head injury, which position should the nurse include in the care plan to enhance client outcomes? a) Trendelenburg's position b) Flat or neutral position c) 30-degree head elevation d) Side-lying position

c) 30-degree head elevation

The provider orders the Romberg test for a patient. The nurse tells the patient that the provider wants to evaluate his equilibrium by assessing which cranial nerve? a) VII b) X c) VIII d) III

c) VIII

A 45-year-old client is admitted to the facility with excruciating paroxysmal facial pain. He reports that the episodes occur most often after feeling cold drafts and drinking cold beverages. Based on these findings, the nurse determines that the client is most likely suffering from which neurologic disorder? a) Trigeminal neuralgia b) Bell's palsy c) Migraine headache d) Angina pectoris

a) Trigeminal neuralgia

The nurse is providing information about strokes to a community group. Which of the following would the nurse identify as the of an ischemic stroke? a) Weakness on one side of the body and difficulty with speech b) Severe headache and early change in level of consciousness c) Vomiting and seizures d) Footdrop and external hip rotation

a) Weakness on one side of the body and difficulty with speech

The clinic nurse caring for a patient with Parkinson's disease notes that the patient has been taking levodopa and carbidopa (Sinemet) for 7 years. What common side effects of Sinemet would the nurse assess this patient for? a) Diarrhea b) Dyskinesia c) Pruritus d) Lactose intolerance

b) Dyskinesia

A client with spinal cord compression from a tumor must undergo diagnostic testing. Which of the following is the most likely procedure for this client? a) Computed tomography b) Magnetic resonance imaging c) Core needle biopsy d) Ultrasonography

b) Magnetic resonance imaging

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune attack on the peripheral myelin sheath. Which of the following is an action of myelin? a) Represents building block of nervous system b) Speeds nerve impulse transmission c) Acts as chemical messenger d) Carries message to the next nerve cell

b) Speeds nerve impulse transmission

A nurse is assessing a client who has been in a motor vehicle collision. The client directly and accurately answers questions. The nurse notes a contusion to the client's forehead; the client reports a headache. Assessing the client's pupils, what reaction would confirm increasing intracranial pressure? a) rapid response b) unequal response c) constricted response d) equal response

b) unequal response

When caring for a client who is post-intracranial surgery what is the most important parameter to monitor? a) Extreme thirst b) Intake and output c) Nutritional status d) Body temperature

d) Body temperature

Which medication classification should be avoided in the treatment of brain tumors? a) Anticoagulants b) Anticonvulsants c) Osmotic diuretics d) Corticosteroids

a) Anticoagulants

A client is actively hallucinating during an assessment. The nurse would be correct in documenting the hallucination as a disturbance in a) intellectual function. b) thought content. c) emotional status. d) motor ability.

b) thought content.

A nurse is teaching a community group about modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for ischemic strokes. Which of the following is a risk factor that cannot be modified? a) Hypertension b) Atrial fibrillation c) Advanced age d) Obesity

c) Advanced age

In which location are most brain angiomas located? a) Hypothalamus b) Brainstem c) Cerebellum d) Thalamus

c) Cerebellum

A patient has a deficiency of the neurotransmitter serotonin. The nurse is aware that this deficiency can lead to: a) Seizures. b) Myasthenia gravis. c) Depression. d) Parkinson's disease.

c) Depression.

A community health nurse is performing a home visit to a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The nurse should prioritize assessments related to which of the following? a) Potential skin breakdown b) Cognition c) Respiratory function d) Cardiac function

c) Respiratory function

A client has undergone a lumbar puncture as part of a neurological assessment. The client is put under the care of a nurse after the procedure. Which important postprocedure nursing intervention should be performed to ensure the client's maximum comfort? a) Encourage the client to drink liberal amounts of fluids b) Keep the room brightly lit and play soothing music in the background c) Help the client take a brisk walk around the testing area d) Administer antihistamines according to the physician's prescription

a) Encourage the client to drink liberal amounts of fluids

A nurse is instructing the spouse of a client who suffered a stroke about the use of eating devices the client will be using. During the teaching, the spouse starts to cry and states, "One minute he is laughing, and the next he's crying; I just don't understand what's wrong with him." Which statement is the best response by the nurse? a) "Emotional lability is common after a stroke, and it usually improves with time." b) "You sound stressed; maybe using some stress management techniques will help." c) "This behavior is common in clients with stroke. Which does your spouse do more often? Laugh or cry?" d) "You seem upset, and it may be hard for you to focus on the teaching, I'll come back later."

a) "Emotional lability is common after a stroke, and it usually improves with time."

The Glasgow Coma Scale is a common screening tool used for patients with a head injury. During the physical exam, the nurse documents that the patient is able to spontaneously open her eyes, obey verbal commands, and is oriented. The nurse records the highest score of: a) 15 b) 5 c) 20 d) 10

a) 15

A nurse who provides care at a community clinic is in contact with a diverse group of patients. Which of the following individuals most clearly displays risk factors for stroke? a) An obese woman with a history of atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes b) A woman who has osteoporosis, a history of fractures, and a family history of stroke c) A man who is receiving oral antibiotics for the treatment of a chlamydial infection d) A 70-year-old man who has benign prostatic hyperplasia and early stage Alzheimer's disease

a) An obese woman with a history of atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes

A patient with Parkinson's disease is experiencing an on-off syndrome. What does the nurse recognize that the patient's clinical symptoms will be? a) The patient will have periods of near immobility, followed by a sudden return of effectiveness of the medication. b) The patient will have unilateral resting tremors and then will have a period of no tremors present. c) The patient will have a period when medication with levodopa will be unnecessary. d) The patient will have a slow, shuffling gait and then will be able to move at a faster pace.

a) The patient will have periods of near immobility, followed by a sudden return of effectiveness of the medication.

The nursing is assessing a client who has been diagnosed with a pituitary adenoma, but has not yet started treatment. The client reports having increased heart rate, hand tremors, difficulty sleeping, weight loss and hyperthermia. The nurse anticipates the client will require blood work to assess for overproduction of which hormone? a) Thyroid-stimulating hormone b) Adrenocorticotropic hormone c) Growth hormone d) Prolactin

a) Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Level of consciousness (LOC) can be assessed based on criteria in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Which of the following indicators are assessed in the GCS? Select all that apply. a) Verbal response b) Eye opening c) Muscle strength d) Intelligence e) Motor response

a) Verbal response b) Eye opening e) Motor response

A client whose physical findings suggest a hyperpituitary condition undergoes an extensive diagnostic workup. Test results reveal a pituitary tumor, which necessitates a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. The evening before the surgery, the nurse reviews preoperative and postoperative instructions given to the client earlier. Which postoperative instruction should the nurse emphasize? a) "You must lie flat for 24 hours after surgery." b) "You must avoid coughing, sneezing, and blowing your nose." c) "You must report ringing in your ears immediately." d) "You must restrict your fluid intake."

b) "You must avoid coughing, sneezing, and blowing your nose."

A female patient who is recovering from a stroke has begun eating a minced and pureed diet after passing the speech pathologist's swallowing assessment. This morning, the nurse set up the patient with her breakfast tray and later noticed that the woman was swallowing her food well but dribbling small amounts of food out of affected side of her mouth. How should the nurse follow up this observation? a) Provide oral suctioning after each bite that the patient swallows. b) Cue the patient to the fact that she is dribbling food while commending her for eating. c) Remove the patient's tray because of the risk of aspiration. d) Make the patient NPO and encourage the care provider to consider enteral nutrition.

b) Cue the patient to the fact that she is dribbling food while commending her for eating.

The nurse recognizes health promotion efforts to decrease the risk for ischemic stroke involve encouraging a healthy lifestyle, including a) a low-cholesterol, low-protein diet and decreased aerobic exercise. b) a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet and increased exercise. c) a high-protein diet and increased weight-bearing exercise. d) eating fish no more than once a month.

b) a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet and increased exercise.

A client was hit in the head with a ball and knocked unconscious. Upon arrival at the emergency department and subsequent diagnostic tests, it was determined that the client suffered a subdural hematoma. The client is becoming increasingly symptomatic. How would the nurse expect this subdural hematoma to be classified? a) chronic b) acute c) intracerebral d) subacute

b) acute

A client diagnosed with a stroke is ordered to receive warfarin. Later, the nurse learns that the warfarin is contraindicated and the order is canceled. The nurse knows that the best alternative medication to give is a) clopidogrel. b) aspirin. c) dipyridamole. d) ticlodipine.

b) aspirin.

The nurse is caring for a client with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) after surgical resection of a brain tumor. The nurse recognizes the client is demonstrating late signs of ICP when which sign is observed? a) Hypotension b) Tachycardia c) Irregular respirations d) Low pulse pressure

c) Irregular respirations

The nurse is providing postoperative care for a client who just underwent surgery to remove a metastatic intramedullary tumor. On postoperative day 3, the client states, "I am really looking forward to going running again, it had become too difficult because of the loss of feeling in my feet." Which should the nurse address in the client's care plan? a) Body image disturbance b) Anxiety c) Knowledge deficit d) Impaired cognition

c) Knowledge deficit

A 53-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of inability to form words, and numbness and weakness of the right arm and leg. Where would you locate the site of injury? a) Left basal ganglia b) Left temporal region c) Left frontoparietal region d) Right frontoparietal region

c) Left frontoparietal region

The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who was admitted to hospital after having complex partial seizures secondary to a glioma. The client has been prescribed levetiracetam to manage the seizures. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching for this medication? a) "If the previous day's dose was forgotten, take two at the regular time the next day." b) "Suicidal ideation is a common side effect of this medication and should be reported immediately." c) "If a corticosteroid has been prescribed, do not take it at the same time as this medication." d) "Driving a car should be avoided until you know how this medication affects you."

d) "Driving a car should be avoided until the you know how this medication effects you."

A client with a spinal cord injury says he has difficulty recognizing the symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). Which symptom is an early sign of UTI in a client with a spinal cord injury? a) Lower back pain b) Burning sensation on urination c) Frequency of urination d) Fever and change in urine clarity

d) Fever and change in urine clarity

The nurse has been educating a client newly diagnosed with MS. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the education? a) "I will stretch daily as directed by the physical therapist." b) "The exercises should be completed quickly to reduce fatigue." c) "I should participate in non-weight-bearing exercises." d) "I will take hot tub baths to decrease spasms."

a) "I will stretch daily as directed by the physical therapist."

A nurse on a neurological unit is participating in the care of a female patient who is receiving treatment for a spinal cord injury (SCI) that she experienced 2 weeks ago. The patient's care plan specifies measures to prevent skin breakdown, and the nurse has planned several changes of position during the shift. How should the nurse best reposition this patient? a) "Log roll" the patient. b) Reposition the patient beginning with the lower extremities. c) Reposition the patient beginning with the upper extremities. d) Maintain a consistent position unless impending signs of skin breakdown are evident.

a) "Log roll" the patient.

The nurse is providing information about spinal cord injury (SCI) prevention to a community group of young adults. The nurse mentions that all of the following are predominant risk factors for SCI except? a) Being an athlete b) Male gender c) Alcohol/drug use d) Young age

a) Being an athlete

Which of the following is the most common side effect of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)? a) Bleeding b) Hypertension c) Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) d) Headache

a) Bleeding

The nurse is caring for a client with mid-to-late stage of an inoperable brain tumor. What teaching is important for the nurse to do with this client? a) Explaining hospice care and services b) Offering family support groups c) Optimizing nutrition d) Managing muscle weakness

a) Explaining hospice care and services

The nurse is performing an initial assessment on a client with suspected Bell's palsy. Which of the following findings would the nurse be most focused on related to this medical diagnosis? a) Facial distortion and pain b) Hyporeflexia and weakness of the lower extremities c) Fatigue and depression d) Ptosis and diplopia

a) Facial distortion and pain

A nurse is caring for a client with deteriorating neurologic status. The nurse is performing an assessment at the beginning of the shift that reveals a falling blood pressure and heart rate, and the client makes no motor response to stimuli. Which documentation of neuromuscular status is most appropriate? a) Flaccidity b) Abnormal posture c) Decorticate posturing d) Weak muscular tone

a) Flaccidity

A client in the emergency department has a suspected neurologic disorder. To assess gait, the nurse asks the client to take a few steps; with each step, the client's feet make a half circle. To document the client's gait, the nurse should use which term? a) Helicopod b) Dystrophic c) Ataxic d) Steppage

a) Helicopod

A client is experiencing muscle weakness and an ataxic gait. The client has a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on these symptoms, the nurse formulates "Impaired physical mobility" as one of the nursing diagnoses applicable to the client. What nursing intervention should be most appropriate to address the nursing diagnosis? a) Help the client perform range-of-motion (ROM) exercises every 8 hours. b) Use a footboard and trochanter rolls. c) Use pressure-relieving devices when the client is in bed or in a wheelchair. d) Change body position every 2 hours.

a) Help the client perform range-of-motion (ROM) exercises every 8 hours.

The most common cause of cholinergic crisis includes which of the following? a) Overmedication b) Undermedication c) Infection d) Compliance with medication

a) Overmedication

A client with neurological infection develops cerebral edema from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which is an important nursing action for this client? a) Restricting fluid intake and hydration b) Hyperoxygenation before and after tracheal suctioning c) Maintaining adequate hydration d) Administering prescribed antipyretics

a) Restricting fluid intake and hydration

The nurse is caring for a patient having a hemorrhagic stroke. What position in the bed will the nurse maintain this patient? a) Semi-Fowler's b) Supine c) High-Fowler's d) Prone

a) Semi-Fowler's

A patient is exhibiting classic signs of a hemorrhagic stroke. What complaint from the patient would be an indicator of this type of stroke? a) Severe headache b) Double vision c) Numbness of an arm or leg d) Dizziness and tinnitus

a) Severe headache

After a seizure, the nurse should place the patient in which of the following positions to prevent complications? a) Side-lying, to facilitate drainage of oral secretions b) Supine, to rest the muscles of the extremities c) High Fowler's, to prevent aspiration d) Semi-Fowler's, to promote breathing

a) Side-lying, to facilitate drainage of oral secretions

The nurse is participating in a health fair for stroke prevention. Which will the nurse say is a modifiable risk factor for ischemic stroke? a) Smoking b) Thyroid disease c) Advanced age d) Social drinking

a) Smoking

The nurse understands the urgency of timely intervention for an ischemic stroke. Based on her knowledge of cerebral blood flow (normal CBF = 50 to 55 mL/100 g/min) and obstruction, she is aware that neurons will no longer maintain aerobic respiration at which level of CBF? a) 35 to 45 mL/100 g/min b) 15 to 20 mL/100 g/min c) 35 to 45 mL/100 g/min d) 45 to 50 mL/100 g/min

b) 15 to 20 mL/100 g/min

A patient is admitted to the hospital with an ICP reading of 20 mm Hg and a mean arterial pressure of 90 mm Hg. What would the nurse calculate the CPP to be? a) 50 mm Hg b) 70 mm Hg c) 80 mm Hg d) 60 mm Hg

b) 70 mm Hg

Myasthenia gravis occurs when antibodies attack which receptor sites? a) Gamma-aminobutyric acid b) Acetylcholine c) Dopamine d) Serotonin

b) Acetylcholine

During a Tensilon test to determine if a patient has myasthenia gravis, the patient complains of cramping and becomes diaphoretic. Vital signs are BP 130/78, HR 42, and respiration 18. What intervention should the nurse prepare to do? a) Call the rapid response team because the patient is preparing to arrest. b) Administer atropine to control the side effects of edrophonium. c) Administer diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for the allergic reaction. d) Place the patient in the supine position.

b) Administer atropine to control the side effects of edrophonium.

Which disease includes loss of motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord and motor nuclei of the lower brain stem? a) Alzheimer disease b) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis c) Parkinson disease d) Huntington disease

b) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A patient recently noted difficulty maintaining his balance and controlling fine movements. The nurse explains that the provider will order diagnostic studies for the part of his brain known as the: a) Medulla oblongata. b) Cerebellum. c) Midbrain. d) Pons.

b) Cerebellum.

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a spinal cord tumor and instructs the client to avoid hot water bottles and heating blankets for what reason? a) Cognitive impairment b) Impaired sensory perception c) Motor weakness d) Medication side effects

b) Impaired sensory perception

A fall during a rock climbing expedition this morning has caused a 28-year-old woman to develop an epidural hematoma. Immediate treatment is being organized by the emergency department team because this woman faces a risk of serious neurological damage as a result of: a) Brain tissue necrosis b) Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) c) Decreased intravascular volume d) Ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

b) Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

Which are the most commonly reported clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis? Select all that apply. a) Aphasia b) Pain c) Spasticity d) Numbness e) Depression f) Fatigue

b) Pain c) Spasticity d) Numbness e) Depression f) Fatigue

The pre-nursing class is learning about the nervous system in their anatomy class. What part of the nervous system would the students learn is responsible for digesting food and eliminating body waste? a) Sympathetic b) Parasympathetic c) Central d) Peripheral

b) Parasympathetic

After a transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy, a client is likely to undergo hormone replacement therapy. A transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy is performed to treat which type of cancer? a) Esophageal carcinoma b) Pituitary carcinoma c) Laryngeal carcinoma d) Colorectal carcinoma

b) Pituitary carcinoma

A client with Guillain-Barré syndrome has paralysis affecting the respiratory muscles and requires mechanical ventilation. When the client asks the nurse about the paralysis, how should the nurse respond? a) "It must be hard to accept the permanency of your paralysis." b) "You'll be permanently paralyzed; however, you won't have any sensory loss." c) "The paralysis caused by this disease is temporary." d) "You'll first regain use of your legs and then your arms."

c) "The paralysis caused by this disease is temporary."

A 37-year-old male is brought to the clinic by his wife because the patient is experiencing loss of motor function and sensation. After initial neurological assessment, the health care provider suspects the patient has a spinal cord tumor and hospitalizes him for diagnostic testing. In preparation for diagnostic studies, the nurse will inform the patient that the most commonly used study to diagnosis spinal cord compression from a tumor is what? a) An X-ray b) A computed tomography (CT) scan c) A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan d) An ultrasound

c) A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan

A client with a history of atrial fibrillation has experienced a TIA. In an effort to reduce the risk of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), the nurse anticipates the priority medical treatment to include which of the following? a) Carotid endarterectomy b) Cholesterol-lowering drugs c) Anticoagulant therapy d) Monthly prothrombin levels

c) Anticoagulant therapy

Which term refers to the inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting in difficulty walking? a) Rigidity b) Spasticity c) Ataxia d) Agnosia

c) Ataxia

A client is scheduled for an EEG. The client inquires about any diet-related prerequisites before the EEG. Which diet-related advice should the nurse provide to the client? a) Decrease the amount of minerals in the diet b) Include an increased amount of minerals in the diet c) Avoid taking sedative drugs or drinks that contain caffeine for at least 8 hours before the test d) Avoid eating food for at least 8 hours before the test

c) Avoid taking sedative drugs or drinks that contain caffeine for at least 8 hours before the test

Which positions is used to help reduce intracranial pressure (ICP)? a) Extreme hip flexion, with the hip supported by pillows b) Rotating the neck to the far right with neck support c) Avoiding flexion of the neck with use of a cervical collar d) Keeping the head flat, avoiding the use of a pillow

c) Avoiding flexion of the neck with use of a cervical collar

A nurse is caring for a patient who is exhibiting signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia. What clinical manifestations would the nurse expect in this patient? a) Tachycardia and hypotension b) Tachycardia and hypertension c) Bradycardia and hypertension d) Bradycardia and hypotension

c) Bradycardia and hypertension

The nurse is assessing a client newly diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Which of the following signs would the nurse most likely observe? a) Numbness b) Loss of proprioception c) Diplopia and ptosis d) Patchy blindness

c) Diplopia and ptosis

The nursing instructor gives their students an assignment of making a plan of care for a client with Huntington's disease. What would be important for the students to include in the teaching portion of the care plan? a) How to perform household tasks b) How to take a bath c) How to facilitate tasks such as using both hands to hold a drinking glass d) How to exercise

c) How to facilitate tasks such as using both hands to hold a drinking glass

The staff educator is orientating a nurse new to the neurological ICU when a patient with a T2 spinal cord injury is admitted. The patient is soon exhibiting manifestations of neurogenic shock. What sign or symptom is consistent with this diagnosis? a) Excessive sweating b) Tachycardia c) Hypotension d) Increased cardiac biomarkers

c) Hypotension

A client diagnosed with migraine headaches asks the nurse what he can do to help control the headaches and minimize the number of attacks he is having. What instructions should the nurse give this client? a) When an attack occurs stay in a brightly lit area. b) Write down any adverse drug effects. c) Identify and avoid factors that precipitate or intensify an attack. d) Keep a record of activities following an attack.

c) Identify and avoid factors that precipitate or intensify an attack.

A nursing educator is talking with nurses about the effects of the aging process and neurologic changes. What would the educator identify as a normal neurological change that accompanies the aging process? a) Hypersensitivity to painful stimuli b) Increased cerebral metabolism c) Reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) d) Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes

c) Reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF)

A mother brings her 6-year-old to the emergency department (ED) after the child fell off a bike. The physician diagnoses a concussion. The mother asks the nurse what a concussion is. What should the nurse's response be? a) "A concussion is a blow to the head that bruises the brain." b) "A concussion is a blow to the head that is hard enough for the brain to bounce off the other side of the skull." c) "A concussion is a blow to the head that is minor and has no real consequences." d) "A concussion is a blow to the head that jars the brain, resulting in diffuse and microscopic injury to the brain."

d) "A concussion is a blow to the head that jars the brain, resulting in diffuse and microscopic injury to the brain."

Disturbed by the high incidence and poor outcomes of stroke in the community, a public health nurse is planning a health promotion campaign that is specifically focused on stroke. Which of the following proposed outcomes would most directly address an identified public awareness need? a) "Participants will describe the relationship between psychological stress and stroke." b) "Participants will describe the factors that affect cerebral blood flow." c) "Participants will state the common treatment modalities for different types of stroke." d) "Participants will state the most common signs and symptoms of stroke."

d) "Participants will state the most common signs and symptoms of stroke."

A nurse and nursing student are caring for a client recovering from a lumbar puncture yesterday. The client reports a headache despite being on bedrest overnight. The physician plans an epidural blood patch this morning. The student asks how this will help the headache. The correct reply from the nurse is which of the following? a) "The blood provides moisture at the site, which encourages healing." b) "The blood will replace the cerebral spinal fluid that has leaked out." c) "The blood can repair damage to the spinal cord that occurred with the procedure." d) "The blood will seal the hole in the dura and prevent further loss of cerebral spinal fluid."

d) "The blood will seal the hole in the dura and prevent further loss of cerebral spinal fluid."

A potential complication of a hemorrhagic stroke is interference with the ability of the arachnoid villi to absorb CSF. Therefore, fluid in the ventricles increase beyond the amount that is usually absorbed daily, which is: a) 275 to 325 mL. b) 200 to 250 mL. c) 150 to 200 mL. d) 350 to 375 mL.

d) 350 to 375 mL.

A client with quadriplegia is in spinal shock. What finding should the nurse expect? a) Spasticity of all four extremities b) Positive Babinski's reflex along with spastic extremities c) Hyperreflexia along with spastic extremities d) Absence of reflexes along with flaccid extremities

d) Absence of reflexes along with flaccid extremities

Which term refers to the inability to recognize objects through a particular sensory system? a) Ataxia b) Aphasia c) Dementia d) Agnosia

d) Agnosia

When caring for a patient who has had a hemorrhagic stroke, close monitoring of vital signs and neurological status is imperative. What is the earliest sign of deterioration in a patient with a hemorrhagic stroke? a) Shortness of breath b) Headache c) Tonic-clonic seizures d) Alteration in level of consciousness (LOC)

d) Alteration in level of consciousness (LOC)

A client is ordered to undergo CT of the brain with IV contrast. Before the test, the nurse should complete which action first? a) Maintain the client NPO for 6 hours before the test. b) Obtain a blood sample to evaluate BUN and creatinine concentrations. c) Obtain two large-bore IV lines. d) Assess the client for medication allergies.

d) Assess the client for medication allergies.

An older client complains of a constant headache. A physical examination shows papilledema. What may the symptoms indicate in this client? a) Trigeminal neuralgia b) Hypostatic pneumonia c) Epilepsy d) Brain tumor

d) Brain tumor

A client comes to the clinic for evaluation because of complaints of dizziness and difficulty walking. Further assessment reveals a staggering gait, marked muscle incoordination, and nystagmus. A brain tumor is suspected. Based on the client's assessment findings, the nurse would suspect that the tumor is located in which area of the brain? a) Motor cortex b) Frontal lobe c) Occipital lobe d) Cerebellum

d) Cerebellum

A patient has recently been diagnosed with an acoustic neuroma. The nurse helps the patient understand that: a) Surgery is never needed; radiation has proven very effective. b) Compression of the seventh cranial nerve is a side effect. c) Almost 80% of these tumors become malignant over time. d) Hearing loss usually occurs.

d) Hearing loss usually occurs.

Which is the most common cause of acute encephalitis in the United States? a) Western equine virus b) St. Louis virus c) West Nile virus d) Herpes simplex virus

d) Herpes simplex virus

A 55-year-old male patient has been admitted to the hospital with a gastrointestinal bleed, and the patient has just experienced a generalized seizure that may be attributable to alcohol withdrawal. When providing immediate care during the patient's seizure, what nursing diagnosis should be prioritized? a) Acute pain b) Risk for impaired skin integrity c) Acute confusion d) Impaired gas exchange

d) Impaired gas exchange

A nurse is providing care to a client recently diagnosed with a brain tumor. When planning this client's care, the nurse anticipates which therapy as providing the best outcome for the client? a) Immunotherapy b) Radiation therapy c) Chemotherapy d) Surgery

d) Surgery

The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a patient who is being discharged after hospitalization for a hemorrhagic stroke. What should be included in the discharge teaching for this patient? a) Take ibuprofen for complaints of a serious headache. b) Intermittent seizures can be expected. c) Drowsiness is normal for the first week after discharge. d) Take antihypertensive medication as ordered.

d) Take antihypertensive medication as ordered.

The nurse is caring for a client with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Which clinical finding, observed during the reassessment of the client, causes the nurse the most concern? a) Pulse oximetry decrease from 99% to 97% room air b) Heart rate decrease from 100 to 90 bpm c) Urinary output increase from 40 to 55 mL/hr d) Temperature increase from 98.0°F to 99.6°F

d) Temperature increase from 98.0°F to 99.6°F

What part of the brain controls and coordinates muscle movement? a) Cerebellum b) Cerebrum c) Midbrain d) Brain stem

a) Cerebellum

A male client who has undergone a cervical discectomy is being discharged with a cervical collar. Which of the following would be most appropriate to include the client's discharge plan? a) Keeping the head in a neutral position b) Moving the neck from side to side when the collar is off c) Removing the entire collar when shaving d) Wearing the cervical collar when sleeping

a) Keeping the head in a neutral position

A community health nurse is conducting a workshop for unlicensed care providers who work in a chain of long-term care facilities. The nurse is teaching the participants about the signs and symptoms of stroke. What signs and symptoms should the nurse identify? Select all that apply. a) Sudden numbness b) Epistaxis (nosebleed) c) Confusion d) Sudden ear pain e) Visual disturbances

a) Sudden numbness c) Confusion e) Visual disturbances

Age-related changes in the neurologic system must be carefully assessed. Which of the following changes does the nurse expect to find in some degree depending on the patient's age and medical condition? Select all that apply. a) Increased sensitivity of taste buds b) Reduced papillary responses c) Stage IV sleep is prolonged d) Decreased muscle mass e) Hyper-reactive deep tendon reflexes f) Increased sensitivity to heat and cold

b) Reduced papillary responses d) Decreased muscle mass f) Increased sensitivity to heat and cold

A client has a herniated disk in the region of the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. Which nursing assessment finding most supports this diagnosis? a) Sensory deficits in one arm b) Severe lower back pain c) Weakness and atrophy of the arm muscles d) Hypoactive bowel sounds

b) Severe lower back pain

The nurse is caring for a client immediately following a spinal cord injury (SCI). Which is an acute complication of SCI? a) Paraplegia b) Spinal shock c) Cardiogenic shock d) Tetraplegia

b) Spinal shock

A woman has been brought to the emergency department (ED) by her distraught husband who believes that she has had a stroke. A rapid assessment by the care team confirms that the husband's suspicions are likely accurate, and the woman is being screened for the possible administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r tPA). Which of the following factors would contraindicate the use of tPA? a) The woman has previously had a stroke. b) The woman's stroke has a hemorrhagic etiology. c) The woman has hypertension and type 1 diabetes. d) The woman is older than 80 years of age.

b) The woman's stroke has a hemorrhagic etiology.

The nurse is seeing the mother of a client who states, "I'm so relieved because my son's doctor told me his brain tumor is benign." The nurse knows what is true about benign brain tumors? a) The prognosis is very poor. b) They can affect vital functioning. c) They do not require surgical removal. d) They are all metastatic.

b) They can affect vital functioning.

A client with a brain tumor is complaining of a headache upon awakening. Which nursing action would the nurse take first? a) Administer Percocet as ordered. b) Complete a head-to-toe assessment. c) Elevate the head of the bed. d) Administer morning dose of anticonvulsant.

c) Elevate the head of the bed.

Which is the primary vector of arthropod-borne viral encephalitis in North America? a) Ticks b) Birds c) Spiders d) Mosquitoes

d) Mosquitoes

A patient is brought to the emergency room following a motor vehicle accident in which she sustained a head trauma. The patient is complaining of blindness in her left eye. The nurse would be correct in suspecting that this sensory deficit is related to damage in what cerebral lobe? a) Frontal b) Parietal c) Temporal d) Occipital

d) Occipital

The nurse cares for a client with Huntington disease. What intervention is a priority for safe care? a) Assessing serum cholesterol b) Range-of-motion exercises c) Measuring electrolytes d) Protecting the client from falls

d) Protecting the client from falls

Which is indicative of a right hemisphere stroke? a) Altered intellectual ability b) Aphasia c) Slow, cautious behavior d) Spatial-perceptual deficits

d) Spatial-perceptual deficits

A client who has a pituitary adenoma would report which symptoms related to the presence of this type of tumor? Select all that apply. a) Morning headaches b) Chiasmal syndrome c) Fever d) Anorexia e) Polydipsia

a) Morning headaches b) Chiasmal syndrome d) Anorexia e) Polydipsia

Which term refers to muscular hypertonicity in a weak muscle, with increased resistance to stretch? a) Spasticity b) Ataxia c) Myoclonus d) Akathisia

a) Spasticity

A patient has been diagnosed with damage to Broca's area of the left frontal lobe. To document the extent of damage, the nurse would assess the patient's: a) Speech. b) Vision. c) Hearing. d) Balance.

a) Speech.

A client who has sustained a head injury to the parietal lobe cannot identify a familiar object by touch. The nurse knows that this deficit is which of the following? a) Ataxia b) Tactile agnosia c) Positive Romberg d) Visual agnosia

b) Tactile agnosia

The nurse is seeing a client who is suspected of having a glioblastoma multiforme tumor. The nurse anticipates the client will require which diagnostic test to confirm the client has this form of brain tumor? a) Audible bruit over the skull b) Tissue biopsy c) Weber and Rinne test d) An increase in prolactin

b) Tissue biopsy

A patient with spinal cord injury has a nursing diagnosis of altered mobility. Which of the following would be included as an appropriate nursing intervention to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) from occurring? a) Administering an antifibrinolytic agent b) Placing the patient on a fluid restriction c) Applying thigh-high elastic stockings d) Assisting the patient with passive range of motion exercises

c) Applying thigh-high elastic stockings

The nurse is performing an assessment of cranial nerve function and asks the patient to cover one nostril at a time to see if the patient can smell coffee, alcohol, and mint. The patient is unable to smell any of the odors. The nurse is aware that the patient has a dysfunction of which cranial nerve? a) CN IV b) CN III c) CN I d) CN II

c) CN I

A client with a traumatic brain injury has already displayed early signs of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following would be considered late signs of increasing ICP? a) Complaints of headache and lack of pupillary response b) Loss of gag reflex and mental confusion c) Decerebrate posturing and loss of corneal reflex d) Mental confusion and pupillary changes

c) Decerebrate posturing and loss of corneal reflex

What does the nurse recognize as the earliest sign of serious impairment of brain circulation related to increasing ICP? a) Bradycardia b) A bounding pulse c) Lethargy and stupor d) Hypertension

c) Lethargy and stupor

A client with a concussion is discharged after the assessment. Which instruction should the nurse give the client's family? a) Have the client avoid physical exertion b) Look for a halo sign c) Look for signs of increased intracranial pressure d) Emphasize complete bed rest

c) Look for signs of increased intracranial pressure

The nurse in the neurologic ICU is caring for a client who sustained a severe brain injury. Which nursing measures will the nurse implement to help control intracranial pressure (ICP)? a) Administer enemas, as needed b) Position the client in the supine position c) Maintain cerebral perfusion pressure from 50 to 70 mm Hg d) Restrain the client, as indicated

c) Maintain cerebral perfusion pressure from 50 to 70 mm Hg

Which of the following is the initial diagnostic in suspected stroke? a) Cerebral angiography b) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) c) Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) d) CT with contrast

c) Noncontrast computed tomography (CT)

A patient, diagnosed with cancer of the lung, has just been told that she has metastases to the brain. The family should be aware that the neurologic signs and symptoms of metastatic brain disease are most often what? a) Increase in diastolic blood pressure b) Bradycardia c) Personality changes d) Temperature greater than 100.5°F

c) Personality changes

A nurse working on a medical-surgical floor walks into a patient's room to find the patient with an altered level of consciousness (LOC). Which of the following actions would be the first priority? a) Maintenance of a patent airway b) Assessment of pupillary light reflexes c) Positioning to prevent complications d) Determination of the cause

a) Maintenance of a patent airway

Which statements reflect the nursing management of a client with receptive aphasia? a) Speak slowly and clearly to assist the client in forming the sounds. b) Frequently reorient the client to time, place, and situation. c) Encourage the client to repeat sounds of the alphabet. d) Speak clearly to the client in simple sentences; use gestures or pictures.

a) Speak slowly and clearly to assist the client in forming the sounds.

The nurse is caring for a client in the clinic who has come in to have an EMG done. How would the nurse prepare the client for this test? a) Tell the client to expect some discomfort. b) Tell the client they will have to lie flat afterwards. c) Tell the client the test is painless. d) Tell the client the doctor will use fluoroscopy for this test.

a) Tell the client to expect some discomfort.

A client is admitted with a cervical spine injury sustained during a diving accident. When planning this client's care, the nurse should assign highest priority to which nursing diagnosis? a) Disturbed sensory perception (tactile) b) Ineffective breathing pattern c) Dressing or grooming self-care deficit d) Impaired physical mobility

b) Ineffective breathing pattern

The nurse is caring for a client with a head injury. The client is experiencing CSF rhinorrhea. Which order should the nurse question? a) Out of bed to the chair three times a day b) Insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube c) Serum sodium concentration testing d) Urine testing for acetone

b) Insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube

The nurse is caring for a client who has sustained a spinal cord injury (SCI) at C5 and has developed a paralytic ileus. The nurse will prepare the client for which of the following procedures? a) A large volume enema b) Insertion of a nasogastric tube c) Bowel surgery d) Digital stimulation

b) Insertion of a nasogastric tube

What is the only known risk factor for brain tumors? a) Cellular telephones b) Ionizing radiation c) Head trauma d) Use of hair dyes

b) Ionizing radiation

A nurse is preparing to administer an antiseizure medication to a client. Which of the following is an appropriate antiseizure medication? a) Lamisil b) Lamictal c) Lomotil d) Labetalol

b) Lamictal

A patient sustained a head injury during a fall and has changes in personality and affect. What part of the brain does the nurse recognize has been affected in this injury? a) Temporal lobe b) Parietal lobe c) Frontal lobe d) Occipital lobe

c) Frontal lobe

A 37-year-old mother of three has just been diagnosed with a grade I meningioma. As part of patient education, the nurse tells the patient that: a) The tumor is malignant and aggressive. b) The tumor will cause pressure on the eighth cranial nerve. c) Growth is slow and symptoms are caused by compression rather than tissue invasion. d) Surgery, which can result in complete removal of the possible tumor, should be done as soon as possible.

c) Growth is slow and symptoms are caused by compression rather than tissue invasion.

The nurse is completing an assessment on a client with myasthenia gravis. Which of the following historical recounting provides the most significant evidence regarding when the disorder began? a) Drooping eyelids b) Sensitivity to bright light c) Shortness of breath d) Muscle spasms

a) Drooping eyelids

Which nursing interventions might need to be considered in a care plan for a client with advanced multiple sclerosis? Select all that apply. a) Encourage the client to walk with feet wide apart. b) Obtain daily weights to monitor weight gain. c) Establish a voiding time schedule. d) Ensure access to a language board when communicating with the client.

a) Encourage the client to walk with feet wide apart. c) Establish a voiding time schedule. d) Ensure access to a language board when communicating with the client.

An emergency department (ED) nurse has administered an ordered bolus of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to a male patient who was diagnosed with stroke. During the administration of tPA, the nurse should prioritize assessments related to what problem? a) Hemorrhage b) Fluid overload c) Peripheral edema d) Acute pain

a) Hemorrhage

A client with a brain tumor experiences projectile vomiting. The nurse integrates understanding of this occurrence as resulting from which of the following? a) Irritation of the meduallary vagal centers b) Distortion of pain-sensitive structures c) Compression of surrounding structures d) Edema associated with the tumor

a) Irritation of the meduallary vagal centers

A client has experienced an ischemic stroke that has damaged the lower motor neurons of the brain. Which of the following deficits would the nurse expect during assessment? a) Lack of deep tendon reflexes b) Visual agnosia c) Limited attention span and forgetfulness d) Auditory agnosia

a) Lack of deep tendon reflexes

The nurse practitioner prescribes the medication of choice for an MS patient who is experiencing disabling episodes of muscles spasms, especially at night. Which of the following is the drug most likely prescribed in this scenario? a) Valium b) Lioresal c) Zanaflex d) Dantrium

b) Lioresal

The nurse explains to the client with projectile vomiting and severe headache that a medication is being prescribed to reduced edema surrounding the brain and lessen these symptoms. What medication is the nurse preparing to administer? a) Everolimus b) Mannitol c) Bevacizumab d) Temozolomide

b) Mannitol

A nurse is reviewing a CT scan of the brain, which states that the client has arterial bleeding with blood accumulation above the dura. Which of the following facts of the disease progression is essential to guide the nursing management of client care? a) The crash cart with defibrillator is kept nearby. b) Monitoring is needed as rapid neurologic deterioration may occur. c) Bleeding continues into the intracerebral area. d) Symptoms will evolve over a period of 1 week.

b) Monitoring is needed as rapid neurologic deterioration may occur.

A nurse is continually monitoring a client with a traumatic brain injury for signs of increasing intracranial pressure. The cranial vault contains brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid; an increase in any of the components causes a change in the volume of the others. This hypothesis is called which of the following? a) Cushing's b) Monro-Kellie c) Dawn phenomenon d) Hashimoto's disease

b) Monro-Kellie

A client is hospitalized when presenting to the emergency department with right-sided weakness. Within 6 hours of being admitted, the neurologic deficits had resolved and the client was back to his presymptomatic state. The nurse caring for the client knows that the probable cause of the neurologic deficit was what? a) Left-sided stroke b) Right-sided stroke c) Transient ischemic attack d) Cerebral aneurysm

c) Transient ischemic attack

Three hours after injuring the spinal cord at the C6 level, a client receives high doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol) to suppress breakdown of the neurologic tissue membrane at the injury site. To help prevent adverse effects of this drug, the nurse expects the physician to order: a) nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid). b) naloxone (Narcan). c) famotidine (Pepcid). d) atracurium (Tracrium).

c) famotidine (Pepcid).

Which diagnostic is most commonly used for spinal cord compression? a) Computed tomography (CT) b) X-ray c) Positron emission tomography (PET) d) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

d) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

The nurse educator is teaching nursing students about various types of brain tumors. The instructor recognizes that teaching has been effective when students correctly identify a client whose lab work indicates excessively high levels of thyroid stimulating hormone would most likely be diagnosed with which type of tumor? a) Neuroma b) Glioblastoma c) Angioma d) Pituitary adenoma

d) Pituitary adenoma

A client with a cerebellar brain tumor is admitted to an acute care facility. The nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for injury. Which "related-to" phrase should the nurse add to complete the nursing diagnosis statement? a) Related to difficulty swallowing b) Related to visual field deficits c) Related to psychomotor seizures d) Related to impaired balance

d) Related to impaired balance

Extensive diagnostic testing has resulted in a patient's diagnosis of a benign brain tumor. When providing care for this patient, the nurse should be cognizant of which of the following characteristics of benign brain tumors? a) Benign brain tumors can slowly grow into an area of vital brain function. b) Benign brain tumors typically become malignant within 1 to 2 years. c) Benign brain tumors have no physiological effect but should be closely monitored. d) Benign brain tumors constitute a risk factor for possible metastasis.

a) Benign brain tumors can slowly grow into an area of vital brain function.

The nurse reviews the patient's drug regimen for treatment of a brain tumor. She explains to the patient why one of the following drugs would not be prescribed, even though it might have therapeutic benefits. Which drug would not be prescribed for this patient? a) Paclitaxel b) Coumadin c) Dilantin d) Decadron

b) Coumadin

A client who has just been diagnosed with mixed muscular dystrophy asks the nurse about the usual course of this disease. How should the nurse respond? a) "The strength of your arms and pelvic muscles will decrease gradually, but this should cause only slight disability." b) "This form of muscular dystrophy is a relatively benign disease that progresses slowly." c) "You may experience progressive deterioration in all voluntary muscles." d) "You should ask your physician about that."

c) "You may experience progressive deterioration in all voluntary muscles."

The physician's office nurse is caring for a client who has a history of a cerebral aneurysm. Which diagnostic test does the nurse anticipate to monitor the status of the aneurysm? a) Myelogram b) Electroencephalogram c) Echoencephalography d) Cerebral angiography

d) Cerebral angiography

A patient's recent diagnostic workup has resulted in a diagnosis of a glioma, and a treatment plan is being promptly created by the multidisciplinary care team. The patient's oncologist has recommended chemotherapy, which is to be administered by the intrathecal route. The nurse should understand that the rationale for choosing this administration route involves which of the following considerations? a) The patient will not require IV access. b) The patient will require weekly, rather than daily, drug administration. c) The drug can be administered on an outpatient basis. d) The drug will bypass the blood-brain barrier.

d) The drug will bypass the blood-brain barrier.

A middle-aged woman has scheduled an appointment with her nurse practitioner because she has been experiencing intractable muscle weakness in recent weeks. Which of the following characteristics of the patient's weakness should cause the nurse to suspect a neurological etiology? a) The patient's weakness is most severe in the early morning. b) The weakness is not relieved by increasing her food intake. c) The patient's weakness began around the time of her husband's death. d) The weakness is primarily on the left side of the patient's body.

d) The weakness is primarily on the left side of the patient's body.

An emergency department nurse is awaiting the arrival of a client with signs of an ischemic stroke that began 1 hour ago, as reported by emergency medical personnel. The treatment window for thrombolytic therapy is which of the following? a) Two hours b) One hour c) Six hours d) Three hours

d) Three hours

During recovery from a stroke, a client is given nothing by mouth to help prevent aspiration. To determine when the client is ready for a liquid diet, the nurse assesses the client's swallowing ability once per shift. This assessment evaluates: a) cranial nerves VI and VIII. b) cranial nerves I and II. c) cranial nerves III and V. d) cranial nerves IX and X.

d) cranial nerves IX and X.

The initial sign of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) includes a) vomiting. b) headache. c) herniation. d) decreased level of consciousness.

d) decreased level of consciousness.

A client is receiving mitoxantrone for treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). This client should be closely monitored for a) mood changes and fluid and electrolyte alterations. b) hypoxia. c) renal insufficiency. d) leukopenia and cardiac toxicity.

d) leukopenia and cardiac toxicity.

The client with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is receiving acyclovir. The nurse monitors blood chemistry test results and urinary output for a) signs and symptoms of cardiac insufficiency. b) signs of relapse. c) signs of improvement in the patient's condition. d) renal complications related to acyclovir therapy.

d) renal complications related to acyclovir therapy.

The nurse is caring for a client who underwent surgery to remove a spinal cord tumor. When conducting the postoperative assessment, the nurse notes the presence of a bulge at the surgical site. The nurse suspects the client is experiencing what complication from the surgery? a) Cerebrospinal fluid leakage b) Impaired tissue healing c) Infection at the surgical site d) Growth of a secondary tumor

a) Cerebrospinal fluid leakage

A 24-year-old female rock climber is brought to the emergency department after a fall from the face of a rock. The young lady is admitted for observation after being diagnosed with a contusion to the brain. The client asks the nurse what having a contusion means. How should the nurse respond? a) Contusions are bruising, and sometimes, hemorrhage of superficial cerebral tissue. b) Contusions are deep brain injuries. c) Contusions are microscopic brain injuries. d) Contusions occur when the brain is jarred and bounces off the skull on the opposite side from the blow.

a) Contusions are bruising, and sometimes, hemorrhage of superficial cerebral tissue.

From which direction should a nurse approach a client who is blind in the right eye? a) From directly in front of the client b) From directly behind the client c) From the right side of the client d) From the left side of the client

d) From the left side of the client

The nurse is discharging home a patient who suffered a stroke. The patient has a flaccid right arm and leg and is experiencing problems with urinary incontinence. The nurse makes a referral to the home health nurse because the hospital nurse is aware that the most common patient response to a change in body image is what? a) Depression b) Disassociation c) Denial d) Sexual dysfunction

a) Depression

A patient has been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. The ICU nurse is aware of the need for aggressive treatment and vigilant nursing care because meningitis has the potential to cause what sequela? a) Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) b) Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) c) Glioma d) Hydrocephalus

a) Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

Which nursing intervention is the priority for a client in myasthenic crisis? a) Administering intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG) per orders b) Assessing respiratory effort c) Ensuring adequate nutritional support d) Preparing for plasmapheresis

b) Assessing respiratory effort

A nurse is working in an outpatient studies unit administering neurological tests. The client is surprised that paste is used to secure an electroencephalogram and asks how it will be removed from the hair. The nurse is most correct to state that the paste is removed with: a) a special soap. b) standard shampoo. c) warm water. d) acetone.

b) standard shampoo.

Which condition is a rare, transmissible, progressive fatal disease of the central nervous system characterized by spongiform degeneration of the gray matter of the brain? a) Multiple sclerosis b) Parkinson disease c) Huntington disease d) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

d) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

After a plane crash, a client is brought to the emergency department with severe burns and respiratory difficulty. The nurse helps to secure a patent airway and attends to the client's immediate needs, then prepares to perform an initial neurologic assessment. The nurse should perform an: a) evaluation of bowel and bladder functions. b) evaluation of the corneal reflex response. c) assessment of the client's gait. d) examination of the fundus of the eye.

b) evaluation of the corneal reflex response.

A physician has ordered home health and physical therapy for an older adult who will be discharged home following an acute stroke. The nurse's discharge teaching should include instructions about: a) the daily exercise routine for the physical therapist to follow. b) reporting specific signs and symptoms to the physician, discharge medications, and dietary concerns. c) calling the home health nurse with any questions instead of c) bothering the physician and therapist. d) avoiding any social activity until the effects of the stroke have reversed.

b) reporting specific signs and symptoms to the physician, discharge medications, and dietary concerns.

The parents of a client intubated due to the progression of Guillain-Barré syndrome ask whether their child will die. What is the best response by the nurse? a) "Don't worry; your child will be fine." b) "Once Guillain-Barré syndrome progresses to the diaphragm, survival decreases significantly." c) "There are no guarantees, but a large portion of people with Guillain-Barré syndrome survive." d) "It's too early to give a prognosis."

c) "There are no guarantees, but a large portion of people with Guillain-Barré syndrome survive."

A patient who just suffered a hemorrhagic stroke is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. What should be the nurse's primary assessment focus? a) Urinary output b) Fluid and electrolyte balance c) Cardiac and respiratory status d) Seizure activity

c) Cardiac and respiratory status

A patient presents to the emergency room with complaints of having an "exploding headache" for the last 2 hours. The patient is immediately seen by a triage nurse who suspects the patient is experiencing a stroke. Which of the following is a possible cause based on the characteristic symptom? a) Small artery thrombosis b) Large artery thrombosis c) Cerebral aneurysm d) Cardiogenic emboli

c) Cerebral aneurysm

Which term will the nurse use when referring to blindness in the right or left half of the visual field in both eyes? a) Scotoma b) Diplopia c) Nystagmus d) Homonymous hemianopsia

d) Homonymous hemianopsia

A patient comes to the emergency department with a large scalp laceration after being struck in the head with a glass bottle. After assessment of the patient, what does the nurse do before the physician sutures the wound? a) Administers acetaminophen (Tylenol) for headache b) Administers an oral analgesic for pain c) Shaves the hair around the wound d) Irrigates the wound to remove debris

d) Irrigates the wound to remove debris

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is based on which test? a) Neuropsychological testing b) Evoked potential studies c) CSF electrophoresis d) Magnetic resonance imaging

d) Magnetic resonance imaging

A nurse completes the Glasgow Coma Scale on a patient with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Her assessment results in a score of 6, which is interpreted as: a) Moderate TBI. b) Brain death. c) Mild TBI. d) Severe TBI.

d) Severe TBI.

The spouse of a client with terminal brain cancer asks the nurse about hospice. Which statement by the nurse best describes hospice care? a) "Clients and families are the focus of hospice care." b) "The physician coordinates all the care delivered." c) "Hospice care uses a team approach and provides complete care." d) "All hospice clients die at home."

a) "Clients and families are the focus of hospice care."

A patient has had a large ischemic stroke and is hospitalized in the neurologic intensive care unit. What interventions will be provided for this patient to decrease intracranial pressure? Select all that apply. a) Elevating the head of the bed 30 degrees b) Administering supplemental oxygen if the oxygen saturation is below 88% c) Administering heparin to induce anticoagulation d) Administering mannitol e) Maintaining the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) within a range of 30 to 35 mm Hg

a) Elevating the head of the bed 30 degrees d) Administering mannitol e) Maintaining the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) within a range of 30 to 35 mm Hg

The nurse is providing health education to a client recently diagnosed with a brain tumor. During the appointment, the client states, "I'm really worried that I will have a seizure while I am at work or with my kids. Should I be concerned about this?" How should the nurse respond? a) "Seizures are genetic neurological conditions. Do you have anyone in your family with a seizure disorder? If so, this increases the likelihood you will have one." b) "There is a risk for seizures in people who have this diagnosis. What have you already discussed with your primary health care provider regarding management of seizures?" c) "It is not within my scope to discuss this aspect of your care with you. You should talk to your treating primary health care provider about this and discuss options." d) "60% of people with brain tumors have seizures. There is a strong chance you will have a seizure at some point and should keep a seizure kit close by."

b) "There is a risk for seizures in people who have this diagnosis. What have you already discussed with your primary health care provider regarding management of seizures?"

The nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with a glioma 5 months ago. Today, the client was brought to the emergency department by his caregiver because he collapsed at home. The nurse suspects late signs of rising intracranial pressure (ICP) when which blood pressure and pulse readings are noted? a) BP = 150/90 mm Hg; HR = 90 bpm b) BP = 175/45 mm Hg; HR = 42 bpm c) BP = 90/50 mm Hg; HR = 75 bpm d) BP =130/80 mm Hg; HR = 55 bpm

b) BP = 175/45 mm Hg; HR = 42 bpm

Which of the following symptoms are indicative of a rapidly expanding acute subdural hematoma? Select all that apply. a) Tachypnea b) Bradycardia c) Coma d) Hypotension e) Hemiparesis f) Decreased reactivity of the pupils

b) Bradycardia c) Coma e) Hemiparesis f) Decreased reactivity of the pupils

The nurse is assisting the physician in completing a lumbar puncture. Which would the nurse note as a concern? a) Client reports pressure relief in the head. b) Cerebrospinal fluid is cloudy in nature. c) Client reports a piercing feeling. d) Physician maintains aseptic procedure.

b) Cerebrospinal fluid is cloudy in nature.

The critical care nurse is giving end-of-shift report on a client she is caring for. The nurse uses the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to assess the level of consciousness (LOC) of a female client and reports to the oncoming nurse that the client has an LOC of 6. What does an LOC score of 6 in a client indicate? a) Normal b) Comatose c) Stupor d) Somnolence

b) Comatose

A client is admitted to an acute care facility after an episode of status epilepticus. After the client is stabilized, which factor is most beneficial in determining the potential cause of the episode? a) The type of anticonvulsant prescribed to manage the epileptic condition b) Compliance with the prescribed medication regimen c) Recent stress level d) Recent weight gain and loss

b) Compliance with the prescribed medication regimen

A provider prescribes a disease-modifying drug for a patient with relapsing-remitting MS. The nurse advises the patient that the drug has to be taken subcutaneously on a daily basis, and it may take 6 months for evidence of any response. Which of the following is the medication most likely prescribed in this scenario? a) Betaseron b) Copaxone c) Avonex d) Novantrone

b) Copaxone

After the patient has received tPA, the nurse knows to check vital signs every 30 minutes for 6 hours. Which of the following readings would require calling the provider? a) Respiration of 22 b) Diastolic pressure of 110 mm Hg c) Heart rate of 100 d) Systolic pressure of 180 mm Hg

b) Diastolic pressure of 110 mm Hg

A client with Parkinson's disease has been receiving levodopa as treatment for the past 7 years. The client comes to the facility for an evaluation and the nurse observes facial grimacing, head bobbing, and smacking movements. The nurse interprets these findings as which of the following? a) Bradykninesia b) Dyskinesia c) Dysphonia d) Micrographia

b) Dyskinesia

The nurse is preparing the client for an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor test to rule out myasthenia gravis. Which is the priority nursing action? a) Administer edrophonium chloride per orders. b) Ensure atropine is readily available. c) Assess facial weakness 5 minutes after injection. d) Document the results.

b) Ensure atropine is readily available.

A client has been diagnosed as having global aphasia. The nurse recognizes that the client will be unable to do perform which action? a) Speak at all b) Form understandable words and comprehend spoken words c) Form understandable words d) Comprehend spoken words

b) Form understandable words and comprehend spoken words

A patient diagnosed with a pituitary adenoma has arrived on the oncology unit. Based upon the nurse's initial assessment, the patient is most likely to exhibit: a) Decreased level of consciousness b) Headache c) Decreased intracranial pressure (ICP) d) Restlessness

b) Headache

Which disease is a chronic, progressive, hereditary disease of the nervous system that results in progressive, involuntary dancelike movements and dementia? a) Multiple sclerosis b) Huntington disease c) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease d) Parkinson disease

b) Huntington disease

A client is receiving an IV infusion of mannitol (Osmitrol) after undergoing intracranial surgery to remove a brain tumor. To determine whether this drug is producing its therapeutic effect, the nurse should consider which finding most significant? a) Decreased level of consciousness (LOC) b) Increased urine output c) Decreased heart rate d) Elevated blood pressure

b) Increased urine output

A client has experienced an ischemic stroke that has damaged the frontal lobe of his brain. Which of the following deficits does the nurse expect to observe during assessment? a) Lack of deep tendon reflexes b) Limited attention span and forgetfulness c) Visual and auditory agnosia d) Hemiplegia or hemiparesis

b) Limited attention span and forgetfulness

A 77-year-old female patient who is recovering in the hospital from a total knee replacement has rung her call bell and told the nurse that she needs pain medication. When assessing the patient's pain, what principle should the nurse bear in mind? a) Older adults frequently confuse pain with other tactile sensations. b) Older adults tend to have a blunted pain sensation, so complaints should be followed-up promptly. c) Pain in older adults is often unrelated to physical harm or pathophysiological processes. d) The sensation of pain increases with age, so older adults typically feel more pain for a longer period than younger patients.

b) Older adults tend to have a blunted pain sensation, so complaints should be followed-up promptly.

A patient is diagnosed with an aggressive, primary malignant brain tumor. The nurse is aware that the glioma: a) Originated from the coverings of the brain. b) Originated within the brain tissue. c) Metastasized from a cancer in another part of the body. d) Developed on the cranial nerves.

b) Originated within the brain tissue.

The nurse is caring for a client with dysphagia. Which intervention would be contraindicated while caring for this client? a) Assisting the client with meals b) Placing food on the affected side of the mouth c) Allowing ample time to eat d) Testing the gag reflex before offering food or fluids

b) Placing food on the affected side of the mouth

An infusion of phenytoin (Dilantin) has been ordered for a patient whose brain tumor has just caused a seizure. The patient has been receiving D5W at 100 mL/hour to this point and has only one IV access site at this point. How should the nurse prepare to administer this drug to the patient? a) Mix the phenytoin in a 50 mL minibag of D5W. b) Thoroughly flush the patient's IV with normal saline. c) Saline lock the patient's IV and wait 15 minutes before administering phenytoin. d) Administer the drug orally due to the risk of precipitation.

b) Thoroughly flush the patient's IV with normal saline.

A nurse is assessing reflexes in a patient with hyperactive reflexes. When the patient's foot is abruptly dorsiflexed, it continues to "beat" two to three times before setting into a resting position. How would the nurse document this finding? a) Rigidity b) Flaccidity c) Clonus d) Ataxia

c) Clonus

A client with a traumatic brain injury has developed increased intracranial pressure resulting in dibetes insipidus. While assessing the client, the nurse expects which of the following findings? a) Oliguria and serum hyperosmolarity b) Excessive urine output and serum hypo-osmolarity c) Excessive urine output and decreased urine osmolality d) Oliguria and decreased urine osmolality

c) Excessive urine output and decreased urine osmolality

A patient has just returned to the unit from the PACU after surgery for a tumor within the spine. The patient complains of pain. When positioning the patient for comfort and to reduce injury to the surgical site, the nurse will position the patient in what position? a) In the lithotomy position b) In the reverse Trendelenburg position c) In a flat side-lying position d) In the Trendelenburg position

c) In a flat side-lying position

A nurse is assisting during a lumbar puncture. How should the nurse position the client for this procedure? a) Supine, with the knees raised toward the chest b) Prone, with the head turned to the right c) Lateral recumbent, with chin resting on flexed knees d) Lateral, with right leg flexed

c) Lateral recumbent, with chin resting on flexed knees

A client is admitted with weakness, expressive aphasia, and right hemianopia. The brain MRI reveals an infarct. The nurse understands these symptoms to be suggestive of which of the following findings? a) Right-sided cerebrovascular accident (CVA) b) Transient ischemic attack (TIA) c) Left-sided cerebrovascular accident (CVA) d) Completed Stroke

c) Left-sided cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

The nurse is providing diet-related advice to a male patient following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The patient wants to minimize the volume of food and yet meet all nutritional elements. Which of the following suggestions should the nurse give to the patient about controlling the volume of food intake? a) Include dry or crisp foods and chewy meats. b) Provide a high-fat diet. c) Provide thickened commercial beverages and fortified cooked cereals. d) Always serve hot or tepid foods.

c) Provide thickened commercial beverages and fortified cooked cereals.

The nurse is caring for a patient with Huntington's disease in the long-term care facility. What does the nurse recognize as the most prominent symptom of the disease that the patient exhibits? a) Dementia b) Slow, shuffling gait c) Rapid, jerky, involuntary movements d) Dysphagia and dysphonia

c) Rapid, jerky, involuntary movements

A client on your unit is scheduled to have intracranial surgery in the morning. Which nursing intervention helps to avoid intraoperative complications, reduce cerebral edema, and prevent postoperative vomiting? a) Administer preoperative sedation. b) Administer an osmotic diuretic. c) Restrict fluids before surgery. d) Administer prescribed medications.

c) Restrict fluids before surgery.

A client who is disoriented and restless after sustaining a concussion during a car accident is admitted to the hospital. Which nursing diagnosis takes the highest priority in this client's care plan? a) Disturbed sensory perception (visual) b) Impaired verbal communication c) Risk for injury d) Dressing or grooming self-care deficit

c) Risk for injury

When should the nurse plan the rehabilitation of a patient who is having an ischemic stroke? a) After the nurse has received the discharge orders b) After the patient has passed the acute phase of the stroke c) The day the patient has the stroke d) The day before the patient is discharged

c) The day the patient has the stroke

A patient with a suspected brain tumor has been scheduled for a positron emission tomography (PET) scan. The nurse should explain to the patient that this test is being performed to assess: a) The blood flow in the patient's brain b) The distribution patterns of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the patient's central nervous system c) The metabolic activity taking place in the patient's brain d) The tissue characteristics of the patient's brain

c) The metabolic activity taking place in the patient's brain

A client's spouse relates how the client reported a severe headache and then was unable to talk or move their right arm and leg. After diagnostics are completed and the client is admitted to the hospital, when would basic rehabilitation begin? a) after 1 week b) upon transfer to a rehabilitation unit c) immediately d) in 2 to 3 days

c) immediately

A physician orders aspirin, 325 mg P.O. daily for a client who has experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA). The nurse should teach the client that the physician has ordered this medication to: a) control headache pain. b) enhance the immune response. c) reduce the chance of blood clot formation. d) prevent intracranial bleeding.

c) reduce the chance of blood clot formation.

A 30-year-old was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Which statement by the client would indicate a need for more teaching from the nurse? a) "I will have progressive muscle weakness." b) "I need to remain active for as long as possible." c) "I will lose strength in my arms." d) "My children are at greater risk to develop this disease."

d) "My children are at greater risk to develop this disease."

A nurse observes an abnormal posture response in an unconscious patient. She documents "extension and outward rotation of the upper extremities and plantar flexion of the feet." She is aware that this posture is a clinical indicator of which of the following? a) A brain lesion that causes a spontaneous response that changes with electrical activity in the brain b) Cerebral hemisphere pathology that will cause alterations in flaccidity and contraction of motor responses c) Decorticate positioning indicating damage to the upper midbrain d) Decerebrate positioning implying severe dysfunction and brain pathology

d) Decerebrate positioning implying severe dysfunction and brain pathology

A patient is being tested for a gag reflex. When the nurse places the tongue blade to the back of the throat, there is no response elicited. What dysfunction does the nurse determine the patient has? a) Dysfunction of the acoustic nerve b) Dysfunction of the facial nerve c) Dysfunction of the spinal accessory nerve d) Dysfunction of the vagus nerve

d) Dysfunction of the vagus nerve

The nurse is educating a patient with a seizure disorder. What nutritional approach for seizure management would be beneficial for this patient? a) Restricts protein to 10% of daily caloric intake b) At least 50% carbohydrate c) Low in fat d) High in protein and low in carbohydrate

d) High in protein and low in carbohydrate

The nurse is caring for a patient postoperatively after intracranial surgery for the treatment of a subdural hematoma. The nurse observes an increase in the patient's blood pressure from the baseline and a decrease in the heart rate from 86 to 54. The patient has crackles in the bases of the lungs. What does the nurse suspect is occurring? a) Increase in cerebral perfusion pressure b) Exacerbation of uncontrolled hypertension c) Infection d) Increased ICP

d) Increased ICP

Which is a contraindication for the administration of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)? a) Age 18 years or older b) Ischemic stroke c) Systolic blood pressure less than or equal to 185 mm Hg d) Intracranial hemorrhage

d) Intracranial hemorrhage

The nurse is caring for a client in the hospital emergency department who reports recent muscle weakness, sensory loss, aphasia, and visual changes accompanied by a sudden onset of complex partial seizures. The nurse anticipates which diagnostic test will be prescribed to rule out or confirm with high certainty the presence of a brain tumor? a) Positron emission tomography (PET) b) Cranial x-ray c) Computed tomography (CT) d) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

d) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A 36-year-old male patient is preparing for discharge from the hospital to a rehabilitative facility 4 weeks after he suffered a spinal cord injury (SCI) during a workplace accident. The hospital nurse should be aware that the primary focus of this coming phase of the patient's recovery will be: a) Helping him establish therapeutic relationships with people who have had similar injuries b) Ensuring that he adheres to the prescribed treatment regimen before being discharged home c) Allowing him to receive care in a setting that is less institutional than a hospital d) Providing him with the skills to perform as many activities of daily living (ADLs) as possible

d) Providing him with the skills to perform as many activities of daily living (ADLs) as possible

While providing information to a community group, the nurse tells them the primary initial symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke are: a) Weakness on one side of the body and difficulty with speech b) Confusion or change in mental status c) Footdrop and external hip rotation d) Severe headache and early change in level of consciousness

d) Severe headache and early change in level of consciousness

Which condition occurs when blood collects between the dura mater and arachnoid membrane? a) Intracerebral hemorrhage b) Epidural hematoma c) Extradural hematoma d) Subdural hematoma

d) Subdural hematoma

A client seeks care for lower back pain of 2 weeks' duration. Which assessment finding suggests a herniated intervertebral disk? a) Pain radiating down the posterior thigh b) Back pain when the knees are flexed c) Homans' sign d) Atrophy of the lower leg muscles

a) Pain radiating down the posterior thigh

Which disease is associated with decreased levels of dopamine due to destruction of pigmented neuronal cells? a) Parkinson disease b) Huntington disease c) Multiple sclerosis d) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

a) Parkinson disease

Which cerebral lobes is the largest and controls abstract thought? a) Parietal b) Temporal c) Frontal d) Occipital

c) Frontal

Which client should the nurse assess for degenerative neurologic symptoms? a) The client with glioma. b) The client with Paget disease. c) The client with Huntington disease. d) The client with osteomyelitis.

c) The client with Huntington disease.

A patient sustained a head trauma in a diving accident and has a cerebral hemorrhage located within the brain. What type of hematoma is this classified as? a) A subdural hematoma b) An epidural hematoma c) An extradural hematoma d) An intracerebral hematoma

d) An intracerebral hematoma

The nurse received the report from a previous shift. One of her clients was reported to have a history of basilar skull fracture with otorrhea. What assessment finding does the nurse anticipate? a) The client has ecchymosis in the periorbital region. b) The client has an elevated temperature. c) The client has serous drainage from the nose. d) The client has cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leaking from the ear.

d) The client has cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leaking from the ear.

A patient has been brought to the emergency department (ED) with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a stat computed tomography (CT) head scan has been ordered. The ED nurse should know that the image that results from CT indicates distinguishing differences based on which of the following variables? a) Oxygen consumption b) Proximity to the CT scanner c) Metabolic activity d) Variations in tissue density

d) Variations in tissue density

A nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which symptom does the nurse expect to find? a) Flaccid muscles b) Tremors at rest c) Absent deep tendon reflexes d) Vision changes

d) Vision changes

Lower motor neuron lesions cause a) increased muscle tone. b) no muscle atrophy. c) hyperactive and abnormal reflexes. d) flaccid muscles.

d) flaccid muscles.