Foundations of the Industrial Revolution Vocab
John Kay
1704-1764, British inventor who invented the flying shuttle
James Hargreaves
1721-1778, English weaver who invented the spinning jenny
Richard Arkwright
1732-1792, British industrialist who invented the water frame, which used a flowing river as a source of power
James Watt
1736-1819, Scottish inventor who developed and patented a more efficient steam engine
Robert Fulton
1765-1815, American inventor who created the first successful steamboat
Henry Bessemer
1813-1898, Englishman who invented a furnace that could cheaply turn iron into steel
shuttle
a device used to carrya thread between other threads on the loom
loom
a machine that weaves threads together to make cloth
horsepower
a unit of measurement of power in the output of piston engines
steam engine
coal powered device that heats water into steam and uses the steam pressure to power a piston
telegraph
form of long-distance communication developed by Samuel Morse
flying shuttle
highly efficient weaving shuttle mounted on wheels that enabled wider swaths of fabric to be made
Luddites
organized bands of English textile workers who destroyed textile factories in opposition to the industrialization of their craft
spinning jenny
spinning machine that could spin 16 threads together at one time
locomotive
steam engine used in rail transportation developed by George Stephenson
steel
strong and light alloy of iron used extensively in the Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
division of labor
system of factory work in which the creation of a product is divided up into smaller tasks performed by individual workers
factory system
system of manufacture developed during the Industrial Revolution in which many laborers worked timedshifts in a single place, paid by a single employer