Foundations Unit Test Two (Ch. 5-8)
Young Men's Christian Association
association gymnastics at the YMCA Training School in 1885
English sports
emphasized for upper-class boys for learning values and believed in "playing the game for the game's sake;" British amateur sport ideal
Spartans
emphasized military supremacy; boys and girls trained physically
Early Athenians
emphasized the Greek ideal; boys attended wrestling schools and music schools; girls had no physical training; adult males trained physically at gymnasiums
Colonial Americans
engaged recreationally in bowling, sleighing, fox hunting, horse racing, hawking, cockfighting, rounders, cricket, and boxing
YMCA
established a training school to prepare physical directors for developing the all-around man (intellectual, physical, and spiritual)
Johann Basedow
established school for boys based on the naturalistic principles from Rousseau
James Conley
first American to win triple high jump
William Anderson
founded two normal schools for physical education and was pivotal in establishing the Association for the Advancement of Physical Education
Volunteer activities
gaining experiences related to a potential career are invaluable ways to learn which and to what degree activities are personally rewarding and enjoyable
Edward Hitchcock
gave lectures on health, led the light gymnastics program for students, and used anthropometrics to find the average, ideal college male at Amherst College
Renaissance
health stressed to overcome epidemics; embraced the classical ideal of "a sound mind in a sound body"
Johann GutsMuths
his school program was based on naturalism and included natural activities, Greek-type activities, knightly activities, military exercises, and manual labor
Catharine Beecher
offered calisthenics, a course of exercises designed to promote health and thus to secure beauty and strength, especially for females
Resume
should be an on-going process that includes a record of all relevant activities and achievements during the undergraduate years
Setting goals
should be specific, measurable, attainable, rewarding, and timely
physical culture/physical training
two names given to early physical education
Hellenistic Period
under Alexander the Great-all Greek city-states united; diffused Greek culture throughout his empire
Homeric Era
upper-class males, who were warriors, competed in funeral games in boxing, chariot racing, wrestling, foot racing, and throwing the javelin and discus
America's physical education
German and Swedish gymnastics; hygiene; medicine; strength development; play and sports
Turners
German gymnastics at the Normal School of North American Gymnastic Union in 1866
First big intercollegiate competition
Harvard and Yale rowing competition
Reformation
Protestant sects regulated physical education to an inferior position; led to the Protestant work ethic in the U.S.
Interviews
Students should talk formally or informally with professionals in careers of interest to them so they can learn more about the scope of responsibilities, working conditions and hours, educational requirements, salary range, and other unknown areas and begin networking.
Hemenway and Homans
Swedish gymnastics at the Boston Normal School of Gymnastics in 1889
Posse
Swedish gymnastics at the Posse Normal School in 1890
Internship
a formal supervised period of work in a position related to a potential career provides an excellent opportunity to expand one's knowledge, learn more about career options, build networks, and help prepare for working in a selected field
Anderson
advanced theoretical and practical curriculum at the Chautaugua Summer School of Physical Education and the Brooklyn (Anderson) Normal School in 1886
Sport communication
careers are available in sport broadcasting, journalism, and photography
Teaching
careers exist in schools, clubs, camps, recreation programs, and colleges
Sport management
careers exist in schools, colleges, public programs, and professional sports and may include finance, event and facility management, marketing, public relations, sales, and other commercial and sport applications
Recreation
careers include public and private physical activity and sport programs in a variety of settings
Fitness
careers may include leadership, instruction, and exercise prescription in clinical, club, and specialized settings
Greece
characterized by the Greek ideal of the man of action and man of wisdom
James Naismith
created basketball with peach baskets and soccer balls
William Morgan
created volleyball in 1896
Dudley Sargent
designed individualized programs for Harvard students using exercise machines he designed, taught primarily females at his normal school, and directed the advanced teacher training program in the Harvard Summer School
Franz Nachtegall
developed Danish gymnastics for military (nationalism) and children in schools
Friedrich Jahn
developed German or turner gymnastics to develop strong youth based on nationalism
Adolph Spiess
developed German school gymnastics by adapting Jahn's program for boys and girls
Hjalmar Ling
developed Swedish school gymnastics based on the progressive, precise execution of movements on command
Per Henrik Ling
developed four areas of Swedish gymnastics-military (nationalism); medical; educational; and aesthetics-with an emphasis on formal movements and posture
Olympic Games
honored Zeus; olive wreath for each winner; required to be a Greek citizen; could be from any social class; required to train 10 months and last at Olympia; pledged an oath of fair play; competed in the nude
German gymnastics
introduced at Round Hill School, spread from New York City to the Midwest in isolated enclaves of Germans; not adopted because of its emphasis on nationalism and development of strength using apparatus
Experiential learning
learning is optimized whenever knowledge, skills, and abilities can be developed and enhanced through related work experiences
Lewis
light gymnastics at Normal Institute for Physical Education in 1861
Late Athenians
lost interest in physical development as they emphasized the man of wisdom
Roman Republic
males trained for war at military camps
Networking
meeting and building relationships with individuals in potential careers may be the most important factor in obtaining an entry-level position or advancement opportunity
Heraean Games
one of the only games for women; foot-race competition
China
only the military class valued physical development
Roman Empire
people entertained at chariot races and gladiatorial contests; leisure time at thermae
Advanced degrees
since graduate degrees are often required for entry into some fields and advancement in many fields, students should examine the job requirements of their potential careers and explore options for obtaining any required or desired __________
Women and sports
some engaged in horseback riding (sidesaddle), walking, dancing, croquet, cycling, and tennis
Native Americans
sport closely aligned with social, spiritual, and economic aspects of life with gambling often associated with sports, such as lacrosse
Middle Ages
squires learned skills in riding, swimming, archery, climbing, jousting, wrestling, and fencing; knights competed in jousts and the grand tourney or melee
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
stressed "everything according to nature" and a readiness to learn physical activities in and through nature
Undergraduate research
students should take advantage of participation with their professors and expanding their scholarly knowledge in their areas of interest
Swedish gymnastics
taught by Hartvig Nissen and Nils Posse and at the Boston Normal School of Gymnastics, primarily to females and children
Dioclesion Lewis
taught light gymnastics, exercises accompanied by wands, rings, bean-bags, dumbbells, and Indian clubs along with music, at the Normal Institute for Physical Education
Men's amateur sports
the socially elite engaged in horse racing, yachting, and gambling; played tennis, golf, and cricket; and formed athletic clubs for track and field
Sargent
theoretical and practical curriculum at the Sargent School for Physical Education in 1881 and the Harvard Summer School of Physical Education in 1887
Athletic training and physical therapy
these fields require certification or licensure in addition to educational degrees to prepare the specialists who help individuals rehabilitate from sport injuries and debilitating conditions
Portfolio
this representation of a student's or professional's work can help differentiate a person from other applicants for positions because of how its contents illustrate or describe personal accomplishments, experiences, and unique qualities
Certification
through demonstrating more extensive knowledge, a person can show greater expertise and commitment while setting oneself apart from other applicants for positions
Delphine Hanna
took anthropometric measurements of college women and instructed Luther Gulick, Thomas Wood, Jay Nash, and Jesse Williams at Oberlin College
Egypt
warriors trained; dancing was valued in religion
India
yoga, a system of meditation and regulated breathing