Frankel Exam 1 Maternal Newborn
nocturnal emission
(Wet dreams) involuntary sexual release of seminal fluid and are usually accompanied by dreams relating to sex
age of viability
20 weeks of gestation but requires NICU care to survive
2-3 weeks
29 to 36 weeks pregnant patients are seen by physician every ....
Weekly
37 weeks to birth pregnant patients are seen ...?
Fetus
9 weeks to birth
Oxytocin
A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
monozygotic twins
A single fertilized ovum; identical
70 and 110 mg/dL
An ideal blood glucose level during pregnancy should fall between?
Low levels of AFP
Associated with chromosomal disorders (Down syndrome) or gestational trophoblastic disease (hydatidiform mole).
at 3 weeks
At what gestational age does the fetal heart start pumping blood ?
Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
Became law in 1993; allows employees to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave to care for a newborn or family member; employee can NOT lose benefits or pay status.
Chadwick's sign
Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia during pregnancy as a result of increased vascular congestion.
hPL (human placental lactogen)
Causes decreased insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose by mother; helps to make more glucose available to fetus to meet growth needs
4 weeks
Conception to 28 weeks pregnant mothers are seen by OBGYN every....?
It can decrease the effectiveness of certain medications
Contraindications of birth control
24 hours
Egg (ovum) lives how long after ovulation
11 to 15 years of age
First menstrual period occurs approximately 2 to 2.5 years later (after development of the breast) around what age ?
72 hours
If newborn is Rh-positive, RhoGAM is given within...... of delivery to the mother
It has an alkaline environment
Is the uterus alkaline or acidic?
Acidic
Is the vagina acidic or alkaline?
Live virus vaccine
MMR, varicella, nasal spray version of flu vaccine
estrogen & progesterone
Maturing ovum and corpus luteum produce and increase of what ?
platypelloid pelvis
Most unfavorable for vaginal delivery
High levels of AFP
Neural tube defects (anencephly, spina bifida, omphalocele)
11-20 lbs (5 to 9 kg)
Obese women recommended weight gain during pregnancy?
15-25 lbs
Overweight women recommended weight gain during pregnancy ?
Signs of pregnancy
Presumptive, Probable & Positive
60g/day
Protein intake per day recommended during pregnancy
1200 mg/day
Recommended calcium intake during pregnancy
2,000 to 3,000 ml/day
Recommended fluid intake during pregnancy
600 mcg/day
Recommended folic acid intake during pregnancy
30 mg/day
Recommended iron intake during pregnancy
the release of the ovum
Surge of LH stimulates final maturation; what happens?
TORCH infections
T - toxoplasmosis O - other (syphilis) R - rubella C - cytomegalovirus H - herpes
True
T or F : Twins occur once in every 90 pregnancies?
TPALM
Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living, Multiples
Fundus and Corpus
The body of the uterus consists of ...?
progesterone maintains the uterine lining for implantation
The nurse is teaching a pregnant woman about the physiological effects and hormone changes that occur in pregnancy and the woman asks the nurse about the purpose of progesterone. According to the nurse, what is the purpose of progesterone?
oxytocin
The posterior pituitary gland secretes....?
28-40 lbs
Underweight weight gain during pregnancy
UTI
What increases during pregnancy?
Abstinence
What is most reliable contraceptive?
Folic acid
What is taken by pregnant mothers to prevent neural tube defects in developing fetus ?
calcium gluconate
What reverses effects of magnesium sulfate?
decreases
When a female ovulate the body temperature increases or decreases?
Increases
When a female ovulates hormones in the body increases or decreases ?
when the menstrual cycle becomes regular
When does puberty end in females?
when mature sperm are formed
When does puberty ends in male?
Posterior wall of the uterus
Where does implantation takes place ?
Alveoli
Where is breast milk produced or made ?
Breasts
With females, during puberty what develops FIRST ?
25 to 35 pounds (11.5 to 16 kg)
Women of normal weight should gain how many pounds during pregnancy?
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
a blood test given between 16-18 weeks of gestation to detect neural tube defects or chromosomal disorders
Zygote
a fertilized ovum
Ballottement
a sharp upward pushing against the uterine wall with a finger inserted into the vagina for diagnosing pregnancy by feeling the return impact of the displaced fetus
placenta previa
abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall completely or partially covering the cervix; painless (bright red) vaginal bleeding with lack of uterine contractions
Teratogens
agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
Presumptive signs of pregnancy
amenorrhea, nausea, breast tenderness, deepening pigmentation, urinary frequency, quickening and positive Chadwick's sign
Placenta
an endocrine organ for fetal respiration, nutrition and excretion; produce 4 hormones progesterone, estrogen, hCG and hPL
Leopold's Maneuvers
assess presentation/position
Positive signs of pregnancy
audible fetal heartbeat, fetal movement felt by examiner, ultrasound visualization of fetus
Probable signs of pregnancy
blood and urine tests, uterine enlargement, cervical softening, Goodell's sign at 8 weeks, Hegar's sign at 6 weeks, ballottement, pregnancy tests
MMR vaccine
can be given the day mommy goes home from the hospital; don't get pregnant until after 1 month after receiving vaccine
umbilical arteries
carry deoxygenated blood and waste from the fetus to the placenta
Umbilical vein
delivers oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
detectable in maternal blood as soon as implantation occurs usually 7 to 9 days after fertilization
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
determines pregnancy
polyhydramnios
excessive amniotic fluid
Estrogen
female hormone; stimulates uterine growth; stimulates breast development to prepare for lactation; increase salivation & skin pigmentation
XX
female sex chromosomes
fallopian tube (oviduct)
four sections; interstitial, isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum; it's the means of transporting ovum or zygote to the corpus of the uterus ; site of fertilization
RhoGAM
given at 28 weeks of gestation & also given AFTER amniocentesis, woman who experiences bleeding during pregnancy
Magnesium Sulfate
given to expecting mother who suffers with high blood pressure; a blood pressure greater than 140/90
secondary sex characteristics in males
grow taller, more muscular, develop pubic & facial hair and voice deepens
umbilical cord
has 2 arteries and 1 vein !
Males
hormonal changes begin between 10 and 16 years of age; may experience nocturnal emissions (they do not contain sperm)
endometrium
inner lining of the uterus also called decidua
Puberty
involves changes in the whole body and psyche; reproductive system matures and capable of reproduction
Fourchette
known as obstetrical perineum it's the food tissue just below the vagina
abruptio placentae
leading cause of maternal death is .... ?
amniotic fluid
maintains an even temperature, prevents the amniotic sac from adhering to the fetal skin, allows symmetry growth of fetus, allows buoyancy & fetal movement, and acts as a cushion to protect the fetus and umbilical cord from injury
XY
male sex chromosomes
secondary sex characteristics in females
menarche, broaden hips, breast, pubic hair and axillary hair
gynecoid pelvis
most favorable pelvis for successful labor.
Iron
obtained from dairy products and meat, especially red meats; consuming foods high in vitamin C aids in absorption
Three layers of the uterus
perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
Surfactant
produced in the lungs of the fetus at 25 weeks
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)
proliferation and degeneration of trophoblastic villi in the placenta that becomes swollen, fluid-filled, and takes on the appearance of grape-like-clusters
Montgomery glands
small sebaceous glands; secrete a substance to lubricant and protect the breast during lactation
Goodell's sign
softening of the cervix
Hegar's sign
softening of the lower uterine segment
embryo
the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the 8 weeks of development
menarche [meh-NAR-key]
the first menstrual period
Quickening
the first movement of the fetus in the uterus that can be felt by the mother
abrutio placentae
the placenta prematurely detaches from the uterine wall; severe pain in lower right quadrant; BRIGHT RED BLOOD
android pelvis
the typical male pelvis; is not favorable to a vaginal delivery
oligohydramnios
too little amniotic fluid
dizygotic twins
two separate fertilized ovum; fraternal
FSH and LH
what stimulates maturation of ovarian follicle ?
Dad !!!
who determines the sex of the baby ? Mom or dad
