FTCE Professional Education

Portfolio Assessment

A collection of work produced by a student to check student effort, progress and achievement such as a list of books that the student read, a collection of tests and homework, etc.

attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

According to Bandura, behavioral changes occur when the following four processes are present __________________

can be equal to firsthand experience

Albert Bandura's research found that observation of modeling _________________

about 2 to 8, Stage 2

As with syntax, Wood (1976) outlines stages for semantic development.: The child progresses to two-word sentences, forms longer sentences, until age 7, things are defined in terms of visible actions. The child begins to respond to prompts (pretty/flower), and at about age 8, he can respond to a prompt with an opposite (pretty/ugly). What age and stage?

begins at about 8, Stage 3

As with syntax, Wood (1976) outlines stages for semantic development.: The child's word meanings relate directly to experiences, operations and processes. Vocabulary is defined by the child's experiences, not adult's. At about 12, the child begins to give "dictionary" definitions, and the semantic level approaches that of adults. What age and stage?

birth to about 2 years, Stage 1

As with syntax, Wood (1976) outlines stages for semantic development.: the child is learning meaning while learning his first words. Sentences are one-word, but the meaning varies according to context. Therefore, "doggie" may mean, "This is my dog", or "There is a dog," etc. What age and stage?

Curriculum-based assessment

Assessment that measures students' level of achievement as it relates to what is taught in the classroom, results are used to guide instruction, and it is an accurate indicator of student access to the general education curriculum.

Curriculum based assessments

Assessments that are used to determine how a student is performing in or mastering the actual curriculum.

Norm-based assessments

Assessments that give us some idea of what students need to know to achieve grade level performance are referred as

Norm-based assessment

Assessments that give us some idea of what students need to know to achieve grade-level performance are referred to as....

retention

Bandura: ___________________ means that it must have enough meaning to be memorable beyond immediate mimicry.

attention

Bandura: ___________________ must be given to a behavior to entice someone to copy it.

motivation

Bandura: ___________________ relates to positive and negative reinforcement related to the behavior.

reproduction

Bandura: ___________________ requires the learner to have the skill and ability to be able to recreate the behavior.

babbling and vocal play

Between four and six months of age, what is typical expressive language characteristic of normally developing babies?

metacognition

Comprehension monitoring is a form of _________, or thinking about one's own knowledge, mental capacities, and thought processes.

8-12 months

Coordination of Reactions (sensorimotor stage): children repeat actions intentionally, comprehend cause and effect and combine schemas (concepts). What age?

Functional behavior assessment

Data from progress monitoring should be reviewed systematically to make necessary adjustment to intervention. One process that works hand-in-hand with progress monitoring is

the teacher's role of understanding content knowledge/ modeling passion for learning

Dewey's approach to education balances ____________________________ and __________________________ with the child's necessity to construct knowledge using hands-on and relevant learning activities.

18-24 months

Early Representational Thought (sensorimotor stage): children begin representing things and events with symbols. A significant development is Object Permanence, i.e., realizing that thing still exist when out of sight. What age?

pragmatics

In linguistics: it is commonly known as the speaker's intent

0-3 months

In normal receptive language development, at what age do babies recognize the sound of your voice?

segregated models of instructions

In these models of instruction, emphasis is placed on the development of discrete skills. In such models. content areas such as math, science and social studies are treated separately from each other and from instruction in language.

portfolio assessment

It's a collection of work produced by a student over time. The goal of this assessment is to gauge student effort, progress and achievement through examination of many different kinds of work that student has produced in a particular class or related to a specific theme.

learning through action

Jerome Bruner: The enactive stage (up to one year) is characterized by__________________________

mental pictures

Jerome Bruner: the iconic stage (one to six years) comes through________________________

learning through language

Jerome Bruner: the symbolic stage (7+) is characterized by ________________________

4-5 years of age

Normal development of language abilities: follows several unrelated commands

0-1 year

Normal development of language abilities: responds to words such as "hello", and "up"

0-1 year

Normal development of language abilities: responds with vocalizations after adults

0-1 year

Normal development of language abilities:babbles vowels and consonant sounds, imitates sounds

0-1 year

Normal development of motor abilities: begins to indicate hand preference

0-1 year

Normal development of motor abilities: loses sight of object and searches for item

Sensorimotor stage

Piaget divided THIS stage into six substages: Reflexes (0-1 month); Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months); Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months); Coordination of Reactions (8-12 months), Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months); Early Representational Thought (18-24 months)

Early Representational Thought

Piaget: 18-24 months, children begin representing things or events with symbols. A significant sensorimotor development is object permanence, i.e., realizing things still exist when they are out of sight.

Itinerant teachers

Professional who travel between two or more school sites to provide services to students.

0-1 month

Reflexes (sensorimotor stage) What age?

direct instruction

Reviewing the previous day's work, presenting new concepts or skills, providing guided student practice, providing feedback, providing independent student practice and reviewing frequently are key elements of what kind of instruction?

4-8 months

Secondary Circular Reactions (Sensorimotor stage): infants intentionally repeat actions to evoke environmental effects. What age?

birth to 3 months (expressive)

Sequence of language development: coos; gurgles; smiles; produces different cries for tiredness, hunger, pain. What age?

4-7 months (expressive)

Sequence of language development: laughs; babbles; expresses emotion vocally. What age?

2 years - 3 years (receptive)

Sequence of language development: participates more actively in conversations. What age?

4-7 months (receptive)

Sequence of language development: responds to own name; distinguishes among people. What age?

2 years - 3 years (expressive)

Sequence of language development: speaks intelligibly; expresses a range of emotions, desires, comments, questions. What age?

1 year - 2 years (expressive)

Sequence of language development: talks in one- then two-word phrases; produces growing number of words. What age?

1 year-2 years (receptive)

Sequence of language development: understand growing number of words. What age?

ecological assessment

Since the student is expressing an interest in a specific location, this assessment involves carefully examining the environment in which the activity actually occurs. What type of instructional procedures could determine successful adaptive life skills at this location for the student?

Curricular integration

Teachers who incorporate positive behavioral supports and interventions (PBSI) into their daily instruction find it very effective for teaching replacement behavior. What is the name of the technique they are practicing?

self-management

Teaching which of the following skills requires a more active role from the students and a more collaborative role from the teachers?

12-18 months

Tertiary Circular Reactions (sensorimotor stage): children experiment with trial-and-error. What age?

Standardized testing

Testing that is used by school districts to ensure students have achievement progress in Common Core State Standards. The test is in the same format for all who take it. It often relies on multiple-choice questions and the testing conditions (instructions, time limits and scoring rubrics) are the same for all students (though accommodations are sometimes made for disabled students).

Ecological assessment

The goal of the assessment is to identify environments in which the student functions with greater or lesser difficulty, to understand what contributes to these differences in functioning and to draw useful implications for instructional planning.

Standardized testing

The mechanism used to ensure that students have met common core standards is...

Accountability

The process of requiring students to demonstrate that they have met specified common core standards and holding teachers responsible for students' performance is the best described as

generalization

The student is able to transfer information across settings and can use the information learned. So, when a target behavior transfers across settings, persons, and materials, which stage of learning has been completed?

Jerome Bruner

The three modes of representation to the field of cognitive development was contributed by ____________________.

Summative assessments

The type of assessment most often used to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction is ...

Criterion-referenced tests

This form of assessment fosters cooperation and is oriented to success.

content-based instruction

This type of instruction involves teaching language and content simultaneously. E.g., language skills may be taught in the context of an age-appropriate theme. Themes can be relatively specific or relatively broad. the instruction is considered desirable because it promotes student interest, because it breaks down artificial barriers between content area (and between language and content) and because it reinforces learning by making connections between content areas.

task-based instruction

This type of instruction involves teaching of language by means of age appropriate tasks that require meaningful communication. E.g., language skills may be taught in the context of group activities such as the creation oof a class newspaper or website.

direct instruction

This type of instruction means explicitly introducing new words along with their definitions.

a range of grouping strategies

What is a good grouping strategies for teaching disable and diverse students using multilevel instructional techniques?

multilevel teaching practices

What is an effective method to teach word recognition to a class of students with many reading levels and diverse needs?

to practice a skill that students have already learned.

What is the purpose of using independent learning as a grouping format?

clarifying

When focusing on comprehension, if students pay close attention to whether or not the text is making sense to them, they are using the comprehension strategy know as

Intensive, direct instruction to individual students

When teaching basic mathematics, what kind of instruction is most likely to be needed specifically for students with special needs in a general education classroom?

Interpreting the meaning of the common core standard

When working with standards, what will be your fist task?

attribution retaining

When you convince students that their failures are due to lack of effort rather than ability, you are enhancing their self-image by utilizing...

Reflexes (sensorimotor stage)

Which Piaget's stage: 0-1 month

Primary Circular Reactions (sensorimotor stage)

Which Piaget's stage: 1-4 months

Tertiary Circular Reactions (sensorimotor stage)

Which Piaget's stage: 12-18 months

Early Representational Thought (sensorimotor stage):

Which Piaget's stage: 18-24 months

Secondary Circular Reactions (sensorimotor stage)

Which Piaget's stage: 4-8 months

simple sentences contain subject and predicate

Wood (1976) describes six stages of syntax acquisition. Stage 3 - ages 2 -3 years:

embed word within the basic sentence

Wood (1976) describes six stages of syntax acquisition. Stage 4 - ages 2,5 to 4 years: The child begins to

commands, requests and promises

Wood (1976) describes six stages of syntax acquisition. Stage 5 - about 5 to 20 years: The child begins to learn complex sentences and sentences that imply.....

differences within the same grammatical class

Wood (1976) describes six stages of syntax acquisition. Stage 5 - ages 3,5 to 7 years: The child is becoming aware of appropriate semantic functions of words and....

Jean Piaget

_____ was a Swiss psychologist who was the first to study cognition in children. He identified stages of development.

John Dewey

_______ was a pragmatic philosopher who viewed learning as a series of scientific inquiry and experimentation.

graphic organizers

______________ are visual representations of concepts and facts as well as relationships between them. They can be used to illustrate a sequence of events, to analyze cause-effect relationships, or to compare and contrast concepts, and to summarize the connections among related concepts.

Albert Bandura

__________________ is a Canadian psychologist who developed the social learning theory. He believes that learning is a combination of cognition, behavior and evironment.

memory

________________________ refers to the way the brain categorizes new information and makes connections so that it can be retrieved at a later time.

perception

_________________________ describes the way students use their senses to deliver signals to their brain to form insights and opinions about the world around them.

language

_________________________ is the way in which students both receive and articulate learning concepts.

Cognitive Processes

__________________________ include perception, attention, language, memory, and thinking.

thinking

__________________________ includes all aspects of reasoning and problem-solving.

Cognitive Process

____________________________ is more than just acquisition of knowledge and skills (abilities); __________________ also include the ability to apply new information to other settings and draw conclusions.

Constructivism

____________________________is a theory based on observation and scientific study about how people learn. It says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences.

attention

_________________________refers to which stimuli students focus on.

Porfolio Assessment

a collection of work systematically collected by a teacher to determine learning gains and current performance level.

Performance-based assessment

assessment that measures learning processes

Formative Assessment

assessments are "low stakes", their main purpose is not to judge students performance but rather to monitor student progress and identify ways that instruction can be improved overall or tailored to specific students.

observational assessment

checklists, rating scales, duration records, time-sampling records and anecdotal records are examples of ....

integrated instructions

in these models of instructions, content areas overlap with each other and with language, and that language skills such as reading, writing and speaking are independent.

1-4 months

infants find accidental actions like thumb-sucking pleasurable and then intentionally repeat them (Primary Circular Reactions of sensorimotor stage) What age?

indirect instruction

inquiry learning/discovery learning is when students construct meaning on their own.

Florida Alternative Assessment

performance-based alternative assessment of student mastery of Access Point

Authentic assessment

provides descriptions of student performance on real-life tasks carried out in real world settings.

Summative Assessment

the process of evaluation student achievement at the end of an instructional period (a quiz administrated by the teacher at the end of an instructional unit, a student's report card, a "high stakes", state achievement test administrated at the end of the school year.

Treatment fidelity

the teaching practice as it was provided in research is called....