Functions of the Integumentary System

Epidermis

Stratified, cornified squamous epithelium

Eponychium

Living skin (also called the cuticle) at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area

reticular layers

Striae result from rapid stretching and tearing of the ___________________.

follicle

Structure in the dermis of the skin from which a strand of hair grows.

eccrine gland

Sweat gland that maintains body temperature

Melanocytes

cells within the skin that produce pigments

dermis

connective tissues, blood vessels, nerves, and smooth muscle

reticular layer

Dense connective tissues that resist stretching is found in the ______ layer.

- Maintains body temperature - Protection - Largest Sense organ - Excretion - Synthesis of Vitamin D - Immunity - Functions of skin derivatives

Functions of the Integumantary System are....

Hyponychium

Skin between the free edge and fingertip of the natural nail (quick)

melanocytes, carotenes, blood flow, and abnormal colorations

Skin coloration could be caused by...

nail bed

The portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits. (stratum basale)

lunula

The crescent-shaped area at the base of the human fingernail that are uncleared cells early in growth process

nerves, blood vessels

The epidermis posses no _________ or ________ ________.

Reticular layer

The layer of the skin that provides strength

hair root

The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis. && stratum basale

hair, skin glands, and nails

What are the accessory structures of the skin? (or the epidermal derivatives)

pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcer)

This is an injury to the skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin.

ridges

This is what creates friction and fingerprints that go all the way down to the papillary layer.

- migration of cells of stratum basale through granulation tissue - sutures decrease distance of travel - sutures reduce scar tissue formation

What are 3 ways the skin can heal?

Jaundice, cyanosis, and Erythema

What are some examples of abnormal coloration of the skin?

1. Stratum germinativum (stratum basale) 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum lucidum 5. Stratum corneum

What are the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial?

hair shaft

What is the blue highlighted area?

dermis layer

What is the red arrow pointing at?

epidermis layer

What is the red arrow pointing at?

papillary layer

What is the white arrow pointing at?

sebaceous or oil glands - secrete sebum

What type of gland can be open directly onto the skin, is associated with hair follicles, and is used for waterproofing and lubrication?

acne and boils

______ and _______ are infected sebaceous glands.

Leather

_______ is tanned reticular layer.

apocrine glands

gland that controls scent (pheromones)

mammary glands

modified apocrine sweat glands

ceruminous glands

modified sweat glands, located in external ear canal, secretes cerumen (earwax)

sebaceous glands

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

papillary layer

physical and physiological support of stratum basale blood vessels and nerves

carotenes

pigments that absorb colors in other parts of the spectrum such as red, orange, and yellow.

Desquamation

skin peeling: basale to surface = 2-3 weeks Cells become filled with keratin as they move to the surface

arrector pili

smooth muscle attached to follicle, responsible for "goose bumps"

apocrine sudoriferous

sweat glands in the axilla, pubic and areolar areas

corneum

the nail is stratum ________, but more compact than hair.

hair shaft

the portion of the hair that projects beyond the skin &&& Stratum corneum, but more compact than skin

nails

these provide protection and manual dexterity

eccrine and apocrine

two types of sudoriferous (sweat) glands

hair

what provides insulation and protection to the skin?