Functions of the Integumentary System
Epidermis
Stratified, cornified squamous epithelium
Eponychium
Living skin (also called the cuticle) at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area
reticular layers
Striae result from rapid stretching and tearing of the ___________________.
follicle
Structure in the dermis of the skin from which a strand of hair grows.
eccrine gland
Sweat gland that maintains body temperature
Melanocytes
cells within the skin that produce pigments
dermis
connective tissues, blood vessels, nerves, and smooth muscle
reticular layer
Dense connective tissues that resist stretching is found in the ______ layer.
- Maintains body temperature - Protection - Largest Sense organ - Excretion - Synthesis of Vitamin D - Immunity - Functions of skin derivatives
Functions of the Integumantary System are....
Hyponychium
Skin between the free edge and fingertip of the natural nail (quick)
melanocytes, carotenes, blood flow, and abnormal colorations
Skin coloration could be caused by...
nail bed
The portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits. (stratum basale)
lunula
The crescent-shaped area at the base of the human fingernail that are uncleared cells early in growth process
nerves, blood vessels
The epidermis posses no _________ or ________ ________.
Reticular layer
The layer of the skin that provides strength
hair root
The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis. && stratum basale
hair, skin glands, and nails
What are the accessory structures of the skin? (or the epidermal derivatives)
pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcer)
This is an injury to the skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin.
ridges
This is what creates friction and fingerprints that go all the way down to the papillary layer.
- migration of cells of stratum basale through granulation tissue - sutures decrease distance of travel - sutures reduce scar tissue formation
What are 3 ways the skin can heal?
Jaundice, cyanosis, and Erythema
What are some examples of abnormal coloration of the skin?
1. Stratum germinativum (stratum basale) 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum lucidum 5. Stratum corneum
What are the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial?
hair shaft
What is the blue highlighted area?
dermis layer
What is the red arrow pointing at?
epidermis layer
What is the red arrow pointing at?
papillary layer
What is the white arrow pointing at?
sebaceous or oil glands - secrete sebum
What type of gland can be open directly onto the skin, is associated with hair follicles, and is used for waterproofing and lubrication?
acne and boils
______ and _______ are infected sebaceous glands.
Leather
_______ is tanned reticular layer.
apocrine glands
gland that controls scent (pheromones)
mammary glands
modified apocrine sweat glands
ceruminous glands
modified sweat glands, located in external ear canal, secretes cerumen (earwax)
sebaceous glands
secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis
papillary layer
physical and physiological support of stratum basale blood vessels and nerves
carotenes
pigments that absorb colors in other parts of the spectrum such as red, orange, and yellow.
Desquamation
skin peeling: basale to surface = 2-3 weeks Cells become filled with keratin as they move to the surface
arrector pili
smooth muscle attached to follicle, responsible for "goose bumps"
apocrine sudoriferous
sweat glands in the axilla, pubic and areolar areas
corneum
the nail is stratum ________, but more compact than hair.
hair shaft
the portion of the hair that projects beyond the skin &&& Stratum corneum, but more compact than skin
nails
these provide protection and manual dexterity
eccrine and apocrine
two types of sudoriferous (sweat) glands
hair
what provides insulation and protection to the skin?
