fundamentals 2020

decreased acetylcholine level

A nurse is assessing an elderly client with senile dementia. Which neurotransmitter condition is most likely to contribute to this client's cognitive changes?

False

A person lies on one's abdomen with one's head turned to the side when in the supine position.

Limit ingestion of caffeinated beverages.

An elderly client reports that he feels like he voids frequently during the day and at night but cannot empty his bladder. The nurse instructs the client to

increased residual lung volume

The nurse identifies which of the following as an age-related change in the respiratory system?

assess the need for pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations

The nurse is preparing an elderly hospitalized client for discharge to home within the hour. What should be the priority for the nurse?

true

Decreased muscle tone, also known as flaccidity, results from disuse or neurologic impairments and is described as a weakness or paralysis of the involved area.

protective

If neglect or abuse of any kind---including physical, emotional, sexual, neglect or financial abuse---is suspected, the local adult __________________ services agency must be notified.

False

The actual percentage of long-term nursing home residents has doubled over the last 25 years due to increased longevity and management of chronic illnesses.

passive

When the patient is unable to move independently, the nurse uses __________ exercise to move each joint through its range of motion.

true

Age-related macular degeneration is the primary cause of vision loss in adults older than 40 years of age.

True

Most Americans 75 years of age and older remain functionally independent regardless of how they perceive their health.

True

Older adults are less likely than younger people to acknowledge or seek treatment for mental health symptoms.

True

Quadriceps drills is an exercise in which muscle tension occurs without a significant change in the length of the muscle.

False

Rehabilitative exercises that involve lifting weights are an example of an isometric exercise.

heart

The leading cause of death in older adults in the United States is ______________. disease.

depression

The most common affective or mood disorder of old age is ____________, often related to chronic illness or pain.

Fowler's

The semi-sitting position, known as ____________ position, calls for the head of the bed to be elevated 45 to 60 degrees.

provide emotional and physical support

What is a nurse's role in providing home care for a client with Alzheimer disease?

feeling of fullness

When assessing an older adult's gastrointestinal system, the nurse would identify an increase in which of the following as normal?

false

When the rounded head of one bone fits into a cup-like cavity in the other bone, the connection is referred to as a hinge joint.

decreased muscle tone

Which factor alters urinary elimination patterns in older adults?

Dementia

Nursing interventions for __________________ are aimed at promoting patient function and independence for as long as possible.

Tendons

Strong, flexible, inelastic fibrous bands and flattened sheets of connective tissue known as __________ attach muscle to bone.

neglect

Students are preparing a class presentation on elder abuse. Which of the following would they include as the most common type of elder abuse?

Reorient the patient

The nurse is attempting to take vital signs of an older adult hospitalized following knee surgery. The client continuously yells, "It's 1999 and you are going to hurt me!" What action should the nurse do first?

osteopororsis

The process of bone demineralization, known as _____________, is increased in immobile patients.

older adult clients are vunerable

The reason that governments carefully regulate treatment given in licensed health care facilities, particularly long-term care facilities, is expressed by which statement?

stay with the client and encourage him to eat.

To encourage adequate nutritional intake for a client with Alzheimer's disease, a nurse should:

presbyopia

Which refers to the decrease in lens flexibility that occurs with age, resulting in the near point of focus getting farther away?

Ensure that the mother does not have access to car keys or drive an automobile

A client has recently brought her elderly mother home to live with her family. The client states that her mother has moderate Alzheimer's disease and asks about appropriate activities for her mother. The nurse tells the client to

-decreased smoking -improved nutrition -screening for hypertension -early detection of elevated cholesterol levels

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local senior center about the health status of older adults. What trends in health promotion and disease prevention activities would the nurse explain as contributing to declining death rates in the older adult population? Select all that apply. -decreased smoking -improved nutrition -screening for hypertension -early detection of elevated cholesterol levels -decreased exercise -decreased community-based services

gait

A ________ belt is placed around the patient's waist and secured by Velcro fasteners and can be used to assist a patient with ambulation.

wear sunglasses with UV protection when outside

A client reports to the nurse that her mother had macular degeneration and is concerned that she, too, may be at risk. What should the nurse tell the client?

Ask if the mother could come in for a hearing evaluation

A client reports to the nurse that over the past few months the elderly mother has become increasingly angry, responds inappropriately to conversations, and does not respond to calls if her back is turned away. What is the nurse's best response?

"Evidence shows that there are changes in nerve cells and brain chemicals."

A family of a patient with Alzheimer's disease asks the nurse what causes this condition? Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"The most common cause of dementia in the elderly is Alzheimer's disease."

A nurse is caring for a client with dementia. A family member of the client asks what the most common cause of dementia is. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

incorporate the client's toileting schedule into the pattern of his wandering

A nurse is caring for an elderly adult client admitted to the hospital from a nursing home because of a change in behavior. The client has a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and has started to experience episodes of incontinence. The hospital staff is having difficulty with toileting because the client wanders around the unit all day. To assist with elimination, a nurse should:

diability

Chronic conditions, many of which are preventable or treatable, are the major cause of ___________ and pain among older adults.

false

Significant declines in intelligence, learning, and memory are inversely proportional to increases in age.

decreased gas exchange

Which is an age-related change in the respiratory system?

calories

A nurse is teaching a nutrition class to a group of elderly clients at a retirement center. The nurse tells the clients that as a result of aging, they will need to decrease

Encourage clients to avoid cigarette smoking

A nurse is teaching nursing assistants in an extended-care facility measures to protect the skin of elderly clients. Which of the following measures is the nurse likely to recommend?

limiting visitors to one or two at a time

A nurse is working with the family of a patient with Alzheimer's disease to develop an appropriate plan of care. Which of the following would the nurse suggest to foster socialization?

decreased cardiac output

Which is an age-related change associated with the cardiovascular system?

decreased cardiac output

An age-related change associated with the cardiovascular system is

ingest 5 or 6 meals each day

An elderly client exhibits blood pressure of 110/76 while prone, 100/72 sitting, and 92/64 standing. The nurse instructs the client to

instruct the family to remove the toddler from the room for the patients safety

An elderly client is hospitalized for treatment related to leukemia. Family members want to visit with a toddler who has a cold. It would be best for the nurse to

"Several possible underlying factors could be causing the confusion. Alzheimer's usually does not present with sudden confusion."

An older adult develops sudden onset of confusion and is hospitalized. The family expresses concern that their loved one is developing Alzheimer disease. What response by the nurse is most appropriate?

-Increased residual volume -Loss of elastic tissue surrounding the alveoli -Reduced vital capacity

When performing a respiratory assessment on an older adult patient, what changes associated with aging does the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.) -Increased residual volume -Decreased residual volume -Loss of elastic tissue surrounding the alveoli -Reduced vital capacity -Decreased pulmonary resistance