Fundamentals Nursing Prep U Chapter 18 Conception Through Young Adult

The pregnant young adult asks the nurse when she will be able to hear the fetal heart beat. Which is the nurse's best response?

"At your 12-week appointment, you will be able to hear the heart beat by Doppler."

A newborn is scheduled for a circumcision and the parent is concerned with the baby feeling pain. What is the best response by the nurse?

"Babies feel the sensation of touch and pain."

You are teaching a "care of the infant" class and Kelly, one of the members, asks a question about how long her baby will be considered an "infant". Which of the following is your best response?

"From 1 month to 1 year"

Of the following components of psychosocial development in the neonate and infant, which one facilitates emotional linkage between a baby and caregiver?

Bonding

When counseling the young adult considering pregnancy, what does the nurse teach the client about nutrition?

foods high in folic acid help to prevent neural tube defects

A father is concerned because his 3-year-old daughter has been using the bathroom independently for the past 6 months but has had a few "accidents" since her hospitalization. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

"Her regressive behaviors are a reaction to being hospitalized."

Today you are caring for Jerry, a 3-year-old boy, who is admitted with a respiratory infection. His mother, Mrs. Baker, is a single parent and works. She can only be with Jerry during the late afternoon and evening. Today she tells you that Jerry has been toilet trained for a year and she is very surprised and disappointed that he is wetting and soiling his bed now. Your best reply would be which of the following?

"His regression is normal and is related to stress."

The mother states to the nurse, "My 4-year-old daughter keeps saying she is going to marry her father when she grows up. Should I be concerned about this behavior?" Which is the nurse's best response?

"It is normal behavior for a 4-year-old to be attracted to her father."

The mother of a girl 6 years of age is exasperated at her daughter's persistent enuresis. How can the nurse best respond to this mother's concern?

"Most children outgrow their bedwetting at around your daughter's age or shortly after."

Today the pediatric clinic nurse gets Mrs. Johnson and her 20-month-old son, Jackson, settled in an exam room. Mrs. Johnson tells the nurse that the biggest problem she faces now is Jackson's refusal to let her out of his sight. "He screams and cries if he thinks I am gone". She asks if she should be concerned about this. Your best reply is which of the following?

"Separation anxiety is normal at 18 to 24 months."

The pregnant young adult states, "I heard all babies develop colic. What causes infant colic?" How does the health care provider explain the causes of infant colic to the client? Select all that apply.

* swallowing too much air with feeding * laying infant down with propped up bottle *allergies to the formula causes abdominal pain

You are teaching a "Preschool Childcare" class and Tiffany, one of the parents, asks when her toddler will have all of her baby teeth. Which of the following responses would be appropriate?

3 years

When a nurse is working on a pediatric unit, which of the following clients would the nurse know has the greatest need for good nutrition?

5 month old

A neonate has a heartbeat of 92 beats/minute, good respiratory effort, active motion, a vigorous cry, a pink body, and blue extremities. Based upon these findings, what Apgar score will this neonate receive?

8

A baby has just been delivered. Her heart rate at one minute of age in 130 beats per minute and she is crying vigorously. Her extremities are flexed and she withdraws her feet when the soles are touched. Her trunk is pink and hands and feet are bluish. Based on the findings, which of the following should the nurse record as the baby's Apgar score?

9

A nurse is assessing and diagnosing children in a pediatrician's office. Which diagnosis would be most appropriate for a school-aged child?

Risk for infection

A nurse is caring for children in a children's hospital. Which child would the nurse expect to develop separation anxiety?

A newly hospitalized toddler

A 2 year old tells the nurse that she "needs a Band-Aid" where she had an injection. Which of the following interventions is the best nursing action?

Apply a Band-Aid upon request

A 2 year old tells the nurse that they "needs a Band-Aid" where she had an injection. Which of the following interventions is the best nursing action?

Apply a Band-Aid upon request

The parents of a 4 month old cannot visit at the hospital except on weekends. Which of the following actions by the nurse indicates an understanding of the emotional needs of a young infant?

Assign the same nurse as much as possible

A 9-year-old child has been admitted to the orthopedic unit for treatment of a fractured leg due to an all-terrain vehicle accident. What would be a priority concern experienced by the child during hospitalization?

Absence from school and activities

You are the nurse providing prenatal education to a group of pregnant teenagers. One of the group members asks you to talk about the advantages of breastfeeding. An accurate statement from you about breastfeeding would be which of the following?

Acid environment prevents bacterial growth

Which of the following statements explains how pregnancy affects the growth and development of the adolescent?

Affects the normal physical and maturation processes

You are the nurse providing prenatal education to a group of pregnant teenagers. One of the group members asks you to talk about how the baby develops soon after conception. An accurate statement from you about the embryonic stage would be which of the following?

All basic organs are established here

When an infant is first fed solid foods, which of the following advice does the nurse give the parent as to how to feed the infant?

Begin one type of food at a time

Sexual abuse leads to serious health problems in adulthood. Which of the following does the nurse understand is the rationale for this?

Causes an imbalanced stress reaction and immune system

The development of diarrhea in the neonate places it at the greatest risk for

Dehydration

A nurse is implementing a health/sex education program in a public school. With which grade level should the nurse begin the program?

Elementary

A nurse is counseling pregnant women about the detrimental effects of smoking and drinking on a fetus. During what stage of development is the fetus most susceptible to these teratogens?

Embryonic stage

A father brings his daughter to the community clinic for an annual physical exam. After the father steps out of the room, the adolescent informs the nurse that she is frightened by her father's behavior because "he yells at me every day and tells me I am a failure because I don't get good grades, and I am fat." The nurse recognizes the reported father's behavior as which type of maltreatment?

Emotional abuse

The nurse is caring for a female client 15 years of age who is hospitalized with a fractured ankle. Her father tells the nurse that this happened during a gymnastics lesson. He goes on to explain that every six or eight months it seems his daughter is trying something different; right now it is gymnastics. You know that this behavior fits with which of the following theorist's developmental tasks for adolescents?

Erikson

The nurse is caring for a young adult client. What developmental task for this age group does the nurse identify as a priority?

Establishing an intimate relationship and family

The nurse is administering scheduled immunizations for a boy 18 months of age. The nurse would recognize that this child is most likely engaged in which of the following developmental tasks?

Expressing his autonomy

Which of the following nursing activities is the most significant in assisting with transitioning from the adolescent to the young adult age group?

Facilitating healthy family relationships

In which developmental stage are genetic malformations most likely to occur?

First trimester

Which would be an expected reaction from a 5 year old when his 3-month-old infant sibling dies from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

Guilt he may have caused the death

You are the nurse providing prenatal education to a group of pregnant teenagers. One of the group members asks you to talk about how the baby develops soon after conception. An accurate statement from you about the zygote and preembryonic stage would be which of the following?

Has a total of three distinct cell layers

Sleep habits have been implicated in cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). What instructions will the nurse provide to new parents related to positioning their infant for sleeping?

Healthy infants to up age 6 months should be positioned on their backs on a firm surface.

A school nurse is aware of the importance of creating and carrying out interventions that resonate with the developmental tasks of the adolescent population. Such interventions should appeal to adolescents' prioritization of their what?

Identity

A nurse is teaching a parenting class for parents with infants. What is an example of an appropriate teaching point for this developmental age?

If choking occurs, give back blows and chest thrusts or CPR.

Adolescent sexual development occurs in three stages: prepubescence, pubescence, and postpubescence. Characteristics common to the phase of pubescence include which of the following?

Increase in the amount, pigmentation, and curling of pubic hair, and growth spurt in height and weight

Today you are caring for Amy, a 10-year-old, who is admitted for a fractured wrist (suffered during a soccer game) repair. She talks a lot about how well she is doing in school this year and her mother agrees. As you assess her developmental health, you know that Amy is well on the way to achieving which of the following according to Erik Erikson?

Industry

Mrs. Karlilse brings her 1-month-old son to the clinic for a well-baby checkup. She reports to the nurse that the baby cries every day from 4 PM until about midnight. The baby draws his legs up to his abdomen and cries hard continually during this time. The nurse talks to the mother about which of the following conditions?

Infant colic

A 9-year-old who is in the 3rd grade has great difficulty with reading. The child is becoming very withdrawn and depressed. According to Erik Erikson's developmental theory, the child is at risk for developing which self-concept?

Inferiority

The nurse is caring for a 19-year-old male client who has suffered multiple fractures related to a motor vehicle accident. His father is at his bedside and, while the client is away for radiology tests, his father talks about his son's injuries and age group in general. The father asks what the major cause of death is in his son's age group. The nurse's best reply is which of the following?

Injuries related to car accidents

The nurse is providing prenatal education to a group of pregnant teenagers. One of the group members asks to talk about how the baby develops soon after conception. What is the best response by the nurse about the zygote and preembryonic stage?

Inner layer becomes the respiratory system

A more thorough medical examination of a 30-month-old is indicated when the nurse observes that the child has difficulty

Kicking a ball

The clinic nurse is seeing a female client 18 years of age who needs to renew her asthma prescription. The client tells the nurse that she is going to another province in a few weeks to attend college and will be living in a dorm. The nurse recommends which of the following while the client is being seen in the clinic?

Meningococcal vaccine

A school-aged child is attentive to following the rules at school, respects his teachers, and views justice as a means of fair play. These are characteristics of which type of development typical of this age group?

Moral development

While providing education to a young adult during an annual health exam, the nurse discusses health problems common during this stage of development. What is the most common cause of mortality during this stage?

Motor vehicle crashes

When providing nursing care and education to an adolescent, the nurse recognizes that which of the following groups has the greatest influence during this period of development?

Peer group

Accurate instruction regarding the typical growth and development patterns for adolescents would include which of the following guidelines?

Peer relationships characterize the adolescent years.

The school nurse is teaching parents of adolescents about the development of self-concept in their children. What would the nurse state is most influential in stabilizing self-concept in this age group?

Peers

A nurse records an Apgar score of 3 for a newborn taken one minute after birth. What would be a priority intervention for this newborn?

Provide immediate life-saving support.

After assessing a female adolescent, a nurse collects the following data: development of breast tissue, growth spurt in height and weight, appearance of axillary hair, and initiation of menarche. Which stage of sexual development does this data confirm?

Pubescence

The nurse observes a hospitalized preschooler who clings excessively to his mother, sucks the thumb and uses infantile speech patterns. This child is exhibiting what type of behavior?

Regression

A preschool child is hospitalized with an infection. The child refuses to eat anything but macaroni and cheese and ice cream. What is the nurse's best way of getting the child to eat more?

Rewarding the child with ice cream for eating more foods

A toddler's mother exits the room to talk to the physician in the hallway. The nurse caring for the toddler notes that the child starts to cry when he no longer sees his mother in the room. He soon stops crying and appears saddened and depressed. The nurse recognizes this behavior as which of the following?

Separation anxiety

The nurse is conducting a preoperative assessment of a girl 5 years of age who is scheduled for surgery later that day. The nurse should be aware that the client's imminent surgery is likely to cause what?

Separation anxiety and fear of pain.

Which of the following points should the nurse prioritize when educating school-aged children about nutrition?

Sources of calcium and vitamin D

An 18 year old with a chronic illness tells the school nurse that he has recently started using marijuana with his friends on weekends. Which of the following should be the nurse's next action?

Teach him about effects of marijuana on his illness and potential complications with marijuana use

The nurse is assessing a preschooler who has just turned 6 years of age. The nurse expects which of the following as typical development for a child in this developmental phase.

The head is close to adult size by age 6 years.

You are the nurse providing prenatal education to a group of pregnant teenagers. One of the group members asks you to talk about how the baby develops after the first trimester. An accurate statement from you about the fetal stage would be which of the following?

The heartbeat can be heard

Which of the following characteristics of a neonate would be reflected in her Apgar score?

The infant's hands and feet appear blue.

When assessing the health of a neonate, the nurse should be aware that:

The neonate hears and turns toward sound and can smell and taste.

You are the nurse providing prenatal education to a group of pregnant teenagers. One of the group members asks you to talk about how the baby develops soon after birth. An accurate statement from you about neonatal development would be which of the following?

The neonate is able to hear and turn toward sound

The nurse is caring for Michelle, a 15-year-old female, who was admitted for a concussion suffered while playing hockey. Her parents are at her bedside and appear very concerned about her. She ignores them for the most part and spends her time texting her hockey friends. Which of the following describes how her behavior is related to Erik Erikson's theory of growth and development?

The peer group acts as the greatest influence

The nurse is providing prenatal education to a group of pregnant teenagers. One of the group members asks about the advantages of breastfeeding. An accurate statement from you about breastfeeding would be which of the following?

Transient immunity is provided by breast milk.

While teaching a sex education class to a group of preadolescents, the school nurse explains that human growth and development begins at which of the following events?

When ovum is fertilized by sperm

The nurse is teaching a class to pregnant adolescents and young adults. What does the nurse explain is the most important reason for breastfeeding instead of bottle feeding?

breastfeeding provides protection against infections

At which stage of pregnancy is the developing fetus most at risk for developing congenital anomalies?

embryonic stage

At which stage of the pregnancy is the developing fetus most at risk for developing congenital anomalies?

embryonic stage

A 6-month-old infant visits the pediatric clinic for a well-baby checkup. The infant's parent asks what the common health problems are for this age. What is the best response by the nurse?

food allergies

The school nurse is concerned about nutrition for school-age children. Which meal plan should be selected for a nutritious lunch?

grilled chicken with celery and carrot sticks and apple slices

A nurse is assessing toddlers in a community health care clinic. Which toddlers would the nurse refer for follow-up care? (Select all that apply.)

• A 2-year-old who cannot kick a ball. • A 1-1/2-year-old whose arms and legs are not increasing in length. • A 1-year-old who does not pick up small objects with fingers.

A school nurse is assessing school-aged children for developmental milestones. Which students would be a concern for the nurse? (Select all that apply.)

• An 8-year-old student who is not writing with a pencil • A 12-year-old student who still has baby teeth • An 8-year-old student whose height hasn't changed since preschool • An 11-year-old student who is not developing skills for physical games

A nurse is assessing infants during regular visits to a pediatrician's office. What physical characteristics will the nurse identify when assessing the infants? (Select all that apply.)

• Body temperature stabilizes. • Eyes begin to focus and fixate. • Heart rate slows and blood pressure rises.

A nurse is teaching parents of preschoolers about normal development for this age group. Which teaching points would the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

• By 6 years of age, the preschooler's head is close to adult size. • The preschooler's body is less chubby and more coordinated. • The preschooler is able to skip, jump, and throw a ball.

The nurse is educating parents of a newborn about expected changes in the first year of life. Which milestones will the nurse discuss with the parents? Select all that apply

• Deciduous teeth begin to erupt • Heart doubles in weight • Body temperature stabilizes • Birth weight usually triples by 1 year

You are teaching a "Young Childcare" class and Bill, one of the parents, asks what kinds of new physical skills his 13-month-old son will be learning during the next 2 years. Which of the following responses would be appropriate? Choose all that apply.

• Drinks from a cup • Runs, kicks, climbs stairs • Uses a spoon • Walks forward and backward

A nurse is instructing a group of adolescents and young adults about safety. Which of the following topics should be included?

• Explaining that sports injuries are major causes of fatalities • Instructing them about the dangers of bullying and gang involvement • Reviewing the use of protection during sexual activity

Which of the following behaviors demonstrated by a 6-year-old child would help the school nurse assess characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

• Gets into fights in cafeteria • Is easily distracted in class • Does not sit still in class

The nurse is teaching child safety and nutrition to a group of young parents at a public health clinic. In answer to a question about childhood obesity, the nurse talks about the incidence of childhood obesity related to ethnic background. The nurse informs the group that although the incidence of obesity has risen by 50% in white children. It has risen more significantly in which ethnic groups? Choose all that apply.

• Hispanic • American Indian/First Nations • Black

The nurse is providing an educational program for a group of adolescents at the high school regarding suicide prevention. What should the nurse include with some of the identifying factors related to suicide? Select all that apply

• More prevalent in teenagers than other age groups • Males succeed at suicide more often • Third leading cause of death in ages 15 to 24 • Females attempt suicide more often

A school nurse is teaching a sexuality class to 5th- and 6th-grade girls. She talks about secondary sexual characteristics and explains that these are which of the following? Choose all that apply.

• Presence of body hair • Breast development • Facial hair growth in boys • Voice changes in boys

The nurse is caring for an infant with fetal alcohol syndrome. What nursing actions should the nurse perform when caring for this infant? Select all that apply.

• Provide adequate nutrition • Participation in developmental program • Promote bonding with parents • Monitor weight and head circumference

A pregnant woman is at the end of her first trimester. What developments does the nurse educate the client about what is occurring with the fetus? Select all that apply.

• Some reflexes are present. • Kidney secretion begins. • The sex of the infant is distinguishable.

The nurse is educating a new parent about what type of physical activities the infant will be able to achieve in the first year. What activities will the nurse discuss with the parent? Select all that apply.

• Stack building blocks • Ambulation may start • Crawl on all fours

A nurse is counseling adolescents in a group home setting. Which statements accurately describe the cognitive and psychosocial development of this age group? (Select all that apply.)

• The concept of time and its passage enables the adolescent to set long-term goals. • According to Piaget, adolescence is the stage when the cognitive development of formal operations is developed. • According to Havighurst, more mature relationships with boys and girls are achieved by the adolescent.

A nurse is teaching a 2-week pregnant woman what is occurring in the development of her baby. What should the nurse educate the client that normally occurs in this preembryonic stage? Select all that apply.

• The zygote implants in the uterine wall. • Three distinct layers of cells exist.

You are working with a nursing student today, whose focus and goal for the day is to assess the developmental stages of his patients. The two of you are caring for a group of pediatric patients that includes a 2-year-old, a 7-year-old, and a 16-year-old. You and the student discuss Erik Erikson's development theory and you ask the student to put the following tasks and stages in chronological order.

• Trust versus mistrust • Autonomy versus shame and doubt • Initiative versus guilt • Industry versus inferiority • Identity versus role confusion • Intimacy versus isolation

A nurse is assessing neonates in a hospital nursery. Which neonates are exhibiting expected developmental characteristics? (Select all that apply.)

• displays the Moro and stepping reflex. • eliminates urine and stool. • exhibits both an active crying state and a quiet alert state. • The neonate inherits a transient immunity from infections from the mother.