Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology Chapter 10 (Eighth Edition) 2016

Aversion Therapy

A treatment in which clients are repeatedly presented which unpleasant stimuli while performing undesirable behaviors such as taking a drug.

Cocaine

An addictive stimulant obtained from the coca plant. It is the most powerful natural stimulant known.

Korsakoff's Syndrome

An alcohol-related disorder marked by extreme confusion, memory impairment, and other neurological symptoms.

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

An antagonist drug used in treating alcohol abuse or dependence.

Methadone Maintenance Program

An approach to treating heroin-centered substance use in which clients are given legally and medically supervised doses of a substitute drug, methadone

Cirrhosis

An irreversible condition, often caused by excessive drinking, in which the liver becomes scarred and begins to changing anatomy and functioning.

Alcohol

Any beverage containing ethyl alcohol, including beer, wine, and liquor.

Endorphins

Neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and reduce emotional tension. They are sometimes referred to as the body's own opioids.

Barbiturates

One group of sedative-hypnotic drugs that reduce anxiety and help produce sleep.

Marijuana

One of the cannabis drugs, derived from the buds, leaves, and flowering tops of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa

Heroin

One of the most addictive substances derived from opium

Opioid

Opium or any of the drugs derived from opium, including morphine, heroin, and codeine.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A cluster of problems in a child, including low birth weight, irregularities in the hands and face, and intellectual deficits, caused by excessive alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy.

Relapse-Prevention Training

A cognitive-behavioral approach to treating alcohol use disorder( and applied to certain other disorders) in which clients are taught to keep track of their drinking behavior, apply coping strategies in situations that typically trigger excessive drinking, and plan ahead for risky situations and reactions.

Reward-deficiency Syndrome

A condition, suspected to be present in some people, in which the brain's reward center is not readily activated by the usual events in their lives

Internet Gaming Disorder

A disorder marked by persistent, recurrent, and excessive internet gaming activity. Recommended for further study by DSM study group.

Reward Center

A dopamine -rich pathway in the brain that produces feelings of pleasure when activated.

Delirium Tremens (DT's)

A dramatic withdrawal reaction experienced by some people with alcohol use disorder. It consists confusion, clouded consciousness, and terrifying visual hallucinations.

Sedative-Hypnotic Drug

A drug used in low doses to calm people and in higher doses to help people sleep. Also called an Anxiolytic drug.

Self-Help Program

A group made up of people which similar problems who help and support one another without the direct leadership of a clinician. Also called a mutual help group.

Morphine

A highly addictive substance derived from opium that is particularly effective in relieving pain.

Opium

A highly addictive substance made from the sap of the opium poppy seed.

Methamphetamine

A powerful amphetamine drug that has experienced a surge in popularity in recent years, posing major health and law enforcement problems.

Crack

A powerful, ready-to-smoke freebase cocaine

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

A self-help organization that provides support and guidance for persons with alcoholism.

Narcotic Antagonist

A substance that attaches to opioid receptors in the brain and, in turn, blocks the effects of opiods

Hallucinogen

A substance that causes powerful changes primarily in sensory perception, including strengthening perceptions, and producing illusions and hallucinations. ALso called a psychedelic drug.

Free-Basing

A technique for ingesting cocaine in which the pure cocaine basic alkaloid in chemically separated from processed cocaine, vaporized by heat from a flame, and inhaled through a pipe.

Antagonist Drug

Drugs that block or change the effects of an addictive drug

Dopamine-2 (D2) receptor gene

Found

LSD ( Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)

Hallucinogenic drug derived from ergot alkaloids

Synergistic Effect

In pharmacology, an increase of effects that occurs when more than one substance is acting on the body at the same time

Amphetamines

Stimulant drugs that are manufactured in the laboratories.

Cannabis

Substance produced from the varieties of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa. It causes a mixture of hallucinogenic, depressant, and stimulant effects.

Detoxification

Systematic and medically supervised withdrawal from a drug

Substance Intoxication

Temporary changes in behavior, emotion, or thought under the influence of a substance.

Tolerance

The adjustment that the brain and the body make to the regular use of certain drugs so that ever larger doses are needed to achieve the earlier effects.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

The main active ingredient of cannabis

Benzodiazepines

The most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium and Xanax

Polysubstance Use

The use of two or more substances at the same time

Withdrawal

Unpleasant, sometimes dangerous reactions that may occur when people who use a drug regularly stop taking or reduce their dosage of the drug.

Hallucinosis

a form of intoxication caused by hallucinogens, consisting of perceptual distortion and hallucinations

Substance Use Disorder

a pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought about by repeated use of substance, sometimes also including tolerance for the substance and withdrawal reactions.

Residential Treatment Center

a place where people formerly dependent on drugs live, work and socialize in a drug-free environment. Also called a therapeutic community.