Fundamentals of Human Resource Management - Chapter 2

International Labor Pool

-Hiring at home may involve selection of employees from other countries -Immigration

2 areas of development transforming HR

1. Advances in information systems 2. Tools for analyzing data

HR can support organizational strategy by:

1. Efforts with quality improvement programs (TQM) 2. mergers and acquisitions 3. restructuring / re-engineering 4. Downsizing 5. International expansion 6. Outsourcing

Define employee empowerment and explain its role in the modern organization *

1. Employee empowerment means giving employees responsibility and authority to make decisions. 2. Selection decisions result in employees who have the necessary decision making and interpersonal skills 3. Job design should give employees latitude for decision making 4. Employees are trained to handle their broad responsibilities 5. Feedback and reward must be appropriate 6. HRM provides employees access to information they need

Explain how the nature of employment relationships is changing *

1. Employment relationship takes the form of psychological contract 2. In traditional version, employees want employees to contribute time, effort, skill, abilities in exchange for job security and promotion 3. Current version, needs are constantly changing so employers want top performance and long work hours. Employees now seek flexibility in schedules, comfortable working conditions, greater autonomy, training and development, performance related financial incentives 4. HRM -changes require Planning for flexible staffing levels 5. Employees- changes may cause job hoping but it back fires 6. Union membership has been declining

Identify ways HR professionals can support strategies for growth, quality and efficiency *

1. HR familiar with organizations strategies 2. HR provide training for conflict resolution 3. HR provides Job design for TQM 4. HR assists with Cost control for downsizing, re-engineering, or outsourcing 5. HT offers voluntary retirement programs or identify the least valuable employees 6. HT conducts selection for Outsourcing

Summarize ways in which HRM can support organizations expanding internationally *

1. HR has knowledge of different cultures and business practices 2. HR needs to know cultures and laws associated with hiring qualified immigrants 3. Select and prepare employees for oversea assignments 4. Support for outsourcing

Discuss how technical development are affecting HRM*

1. HRM systems widely used and available for on the internet, promotes self service 2. Internet applications include searching for candidates globally, online job postings, and delivering online training 3. AI and it's applications can improve decision making and smooth HR processes

Ways AI improves decision making

1. Job analysis- take data from meetings and create job descriptions and review them for unintended bias 2. Recruiting and selection- a chatbot that answers questions of candidates 3. Performance management- a model that predicts and corrects problems in sales performance 4. Employee relations- chatbot that answers an employees HR questions

Constraint on labor supply force companies to meet their demand for labor by:

1. Job redesign 2. Higher pay 3. Foreign operations

3 trends in high performance work systems

1. Knowledge workers 2. Empowering employees to make decisions 3. Teamwork

Discuss how the need for flexibility affects human resource management.*

1. Outsourcing and temporary workers require job design and motivating full time employees 2. Organizations seek flexible work schedules to enable employees to meet both professional and personal needs 3. Shift employees to different jobs to meet changes in demand

Summarize areas in which HRM can support the goal of creating high-performance work system

1. Provides knowledgeable workers with the needed skills and motivation 2. Supports employee empowerment through job design, assessments and rewards

Describe trends in labor force and how they effect HRM *

1. internal labor force comes from external labor market 2. In the us the labor market is aging and becoming more racially and ethnically diverse, with roughly 50 % women 3. To compete with talent organizations must be flexible, establish bias and help employees understand cultural differences 4. Organization need employees with hard to find skills 5. Companies have to be willing to hire unqualified candidates and train them

TQM Core Values

1. processes are designed to meet the needs of internal and external customers. 2. Every employee receives training in quality. 3. Quality is part of design so errors are prevented from occurring. 4. Organization promotes cooperation with everyone to improve quality and lower costs. 5. Feedback helps measure progress

4 types of alternative work arrangements

1. use of independent contractors 2. on-call workers 3. temporary workers 4. contract company workers

High-Performance Work Systems

an organization in which technology, organizational structure, people, and processes work together seamlessly to give an organization an advantage in the competitive environment

Internal Labor Force

an organization's workers (its employees and the people who have contracts to work at the organization)

Employability

employees want their company to provide training and job experiences to help ensure that they can find other employment opportunities

Employee Engagement

full involvement in one's work and commitment to one's job and company. (Higher productivity, better customer service, lower employee turnover)

Alternative Work Arrangements

methods of staffing other than the traditional hiring of full-time employees

Acquisitions

one company buying another

Self-Service

system in which employees have online access to information about HR issues and go online to enroll themselves in programs and provide feedback through surveys.

Cloud Computing

the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data.

Mergers

two companies becoming one

artificial intelligence

Technology that simulates human thinking, applying experience to deliver best results over time

Teamwork

The assignment of work to groups of employees with various skills who interact to assemble a product or provide a service.

Outsourcing

The practice of having another company (a vendor, third-party provider, or consultant) provide services.

Electronic Human Resource Management (e-HRM)

The processing and transmission of digitized HR information, especially using computer networking and the Internet.

People Analytics

The use of computers to analyze large amounts of data and offer information to guide decisions

Gig worker

Typically independent contractor who controls when and where they do their jobs

Data Mining

Uses powerful computers to analyze large amounts of data such as data about employee traits, pay, and performance.

Reshoring

Reestablishing operations in North America

strategy

Plan for meeting broad goals such as profitability, quality and market share

labor force

All the people willing and able to work

Reengineering

A complete review of the organization's critical work processes to make them more efficient and able to deliver higher quality.

Chatbots

A voice interface like Alexa that answers employees questions about their insurance, vacation time and so on

HR Dashboards

Display on how a company is performing on specific HR metrics

Expatriates

Employees who take assignments in other countries

Knowledge Workers

Employees whose main contribution to the organization is specialized knowledge, such as knowledge of customers, a process, or a profession

Employee Empowerment

Giving employees responsibility and authority to make decisions regarding all aspects of product development or customer service

External Labor Market

Individuals who are actively seeking employment

agile

Involves weaving the development process more tightly around the organizations activities and strategies

Offshoring

Moving operations from the country where a company is headquartered to a country where pay rates are lower but the necessary skills are available.

Intranet

Network that uses internet tools but limits access to authorized users in the organization

technoservice workers

Workers who have both a specialized knowledge and are able to work directly with customers.

Total Quality Management (TQM)

a company wide effort to continually improve the ways people, machines, and systems accomplish work.

Human Resource Information System

a computer system used to acquire, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve, and distribute information related to an organization's Human Resources ( human capital management system)

Psychological Contract

a description of what an employee expects to contribute in an employment relationship and what the employer will provide the employee in exchange for those contributions