Fungus
Oomycetes
"water molds" growing as mass of filaments. Biflagelated (posterior and anterior) Cellulose wall
Chitin
A chemical that provides both toughness and flexibility
Trehalose
A disaccharide of two glucose molecules, but with a linkage different from maltose. Storage and transport.
appresorium
A flattened hyphal, pressing organ, from which a minute infection peg usually grows and enters the epidermal cell of the host.
heterokaryon
A fungal mycelium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell. Formed by fusion.
haustorium
A hypha of a parasitic fungus that enters the host's cells, absorbing nutrition directly from the cytoplasm.
oosphere
A large, naked, non-motile, female gamete.
Exocyst
A protein complex on the plasma membrane at which exocytosis occurs.
gametangia
A reproductive organ that houses and protects the gametes of a plant
Antheridiol
A sex hormonone produced by the female to induce the development of antheridia.
Kinetosome
A short cylindrical array of microtubules found at the base of eukaryotic flagella. It serves as the nucleation site for the growth of a flagella's microtubule core.
diplanetic
A species which produces two types of zoospores and in which two swarming periods occur.
Aplanospore
A spore that is formed during asexual reproduction, which is nonflagellated and nonmotile.
Oogoniol
A steroid hormone produced by male hyphae of several filamentous fungi of the genus Achlya, which stimulates female hyphae to produce oogonia.
holoblastic
A type of cleavage in which there is complete division of the egg, as in eggs having little yolk (sea urchin) or a moderate amount of yolk (frog).
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food.
Fucosterol
Antheridiol (46) and oogoniol (47) are derivatives of fucosterol (45) (Figure 6) acting as pheromones in the oomycetes of Achlya ambisexualis (water mold). These compounds control sexual morphogenesis.
Mushroom fungu
Ascomycota and Basidiomycota
primary zoospore of an Oomycete
Both flagella on end
Chemotaxis
Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus
Melanization
Coloring of the new cuticle
Cryptomycota
Earliest-diverging modern fungi. Don't have chitin walls.
sexual reproduction
Female secretes hormone A inducing antheridial growth Male secretes hormone B causing oogonial initials Oogonial produces hormone C directing antheridia at oogonial Antheridia product hormone D causing differentiation of eggs in oogonium
secondary zoospore of an Oomycetes
Flagella located along midline
Sporangiospores
Formed by successive cleavages within a sporangium
Conidiospores
Free spores not enclosed by sac.
meiospores
Haploid, results from meiosis occurring in the sporangia
Paragynous
Incompletely surrounding the oogonial stalk
antheridium
Male reproductive structure in some algae and plants
chitosome
Microvesicles transporting chitin synthases to the growing cell wall
Spitzenkorper
Polarisome, Chitin synthase, exocyst, glutamates synthase
Exocytosis
Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
Polarisome
Protein complex that plays a role in determining cell polarity by directing the localized assembly of actin filaments at polarization sites;
basidia
Reproductive structures that produce sexual spores
secotioid fruit body
Secotioid fungi are an intermediate growth form between mushroom-like hymenomycetes and closed bag-shaped gasteromycetes, where an evolutionary process of gasteromycetation has started but not run to completion
oogonium
Specialized structure formed by hyphae that produces female Nuclei
basidiospores
Spores produced in the basidia of basidiomycetes during sexual reproduction
Glycogen
Storage form of glucose
Cavitation
The formation of cavities in an organ or tissue; frequently seen in some forms of tuberculosis.
Anisotropic growth
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one or more axes, where the growth rate varies according to the direction of growth. Growth may be limited to a particular axis, axes, or to particular locations on the surface of the cell.
isotropic growth
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size uniformly in all directions. In general, a rounded cell morphology reflects isotropic cell growth.
Oospore
Thickwalled spore formed in an oogonium by fungus like organisms like the phylum Oomycota.
Ergosterol
What is the major cell membrane sterol found in fungi?
Dimorphic fungi
Yeastlike at 37 C and moldlike at 25 C
Spitzenkorper
a collection of vesicles at the tip of a hyphae
Buller's drop
a droplet of fluid that can be observed to accumulate at the proximal tip to displace a spore
whiplash flagellum
a flagellum with a smooth surface
glucans
a major component of fungal cell walls
zoospore
a motile, swimming spore; possesses cilia or flagella
sterigma
a spike-like structure that supports a basidiospore on the basidium. Part of the bullers drop mechanism.
zoosporangium
a sporangium or spore case in which zoospores are produced.
thallospores
a spore (as a blastospore) developing by septation or budding of hyphal cells
Osmotrophs
absorptive feeding
Mycolaminarin
an energy storage molecule
Chytrids
aquatic and produce flagellated spores; they were the first fungi Has large thallus body
anamorph
asexual form of fungi
mitospores
asexually produced spores produced by mitosis
cyst
bladder, sac
Discharge mechanisms
bullers drop squirt guns eversion catapult cavitation catapult splash discharge
Enteroblastic
conidia in the formation of which the existing inner or neither wall layer of the conidiogenous cells is not directly involved; formed from the inside.
intercalary growth
defined area of cell division not occurring at apical cells
Eversion in fungus
dispersal mechanism
Fungi traits
eukaryotic, cell walls of chitin, perform extracellular digestion (decomposing)
clamydospores
form a thicken wall inside hyphae (asexual)
plasmogamy
fusion of cytoplasm
karyogamy
fusion of nuclei
Sclerotium
hardened mass of mycelium that generally serves as an overwintering stage
coenocytic hyphae
hyphae that contain no septa and appear as long, continuous cells with many nuclei
rhizomorph
hyphae that group into root-like masses in fungus
Arthrospores
hyphal segments that are formed by the fragmentation of hyphae.
Phialidic
is a flask-shaped projection from the vesicle (dilated part of the top of conidiophore) of certain fungi.
ballistospore
is a spore that is discharged into the air from a living being, usually a species of fungus
mycellium
mass of hyphae
hypogeous fruit body
occurring or living below the surface of the ground
oogamous mating
oogamy is the fusion of large, immotile female gametes with small, motile male gametes.
Amphigynous
oogonium grows through the antheridium
Chitosan
polysaccharide derived from chitin
Endocytosis
process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
Puffing
puffball mushroom spore dispersal
tinsel flagellum
pulls organism
polyplanetic
refers to a species of Oomycota in which there are several swarming periods and incidentally only one type of zoospore (monomorphic).
Teleomorph
sexual state of a fungus
sporangiosphores
specialized hyphae that looks like upright stalks. On top, they have sacs called sporangium. Inside these sacs sporangiospores are made.
sporangium
spore capsule in which haploid spores are produced by meiosis
anastomosis
surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
septa
the cells that make up hyphae are divided by these cross sections
hilar appendix
the divet where the adaxial drop forms
adaxial drop
the drop that bullers drop merges with
spore discharge
the release of spores through active mechanism (water gun)
catapult
to launch; a device for hurling objects, a slingshot
apical growth
when meristematic growth occurs at the tips of stems or roots
thallic development
where first a cross-wall appears and thus the created cell develops into a spore.
blastic development
where the spore is already evident before it separates from the conidiogenic hypha which is giving rise to it
spore dispersal
wind, water, animals
