Gen Psyc Exam 3

Self-efficacy is ________.

our level of confidence in our own abilities

Expected standards of conduct, which influence behaviors, are known as

social norms.

Eugene is 88 years old. With which of the following tasks is he most likely to have difficulty?

driving while talking on a cell phone

Drive theory states that deviations from ________ create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need.

homeostasis

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.

Five Factor Model

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

Id

There are many theories of personality. Compare and Contrast two theories. Which do you agree with most? Which do you disagree with most? Why? Provide examples or illustrations to support your argument.

Rotter's Theory: people are one of two types: Internal locus of control or external locus of control; based on belief of amount of control one believes that they have in their life Same: Individuals can exhibit a certain degree of intensity in each category Five Factor Model: All people exhibit varying levels of each of the 5 factors (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) I personally believe that the FIve Factor model is more accurate than Rotter's theory. because it leaves more room for the uniqueness of individuals in each of the five factors at varying levels. For example, a person may have a fairly low number on Rotter personality test that favors an internal locus of control but may have a conflicting score on the Five Factor model. They may have a higher score of neuroticism even though internals tend to be more optimistic and less likely to fall to depression than their external counterparts. They could display a high level of agreeableness or show different variations of strengths because even though many people fall under the category of one of the two loci of control, all of them are unique and different in personality from one another. While I do think that most people either have an internal locus of control or an external locus of control, I think it can vary according to different situations and leave more room for error or change of mind. But compared to the Five Factor model, I do not think Rotter's theory is the best way to measure the personality of people.

Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?

Sigmund Freud

List and describe FOUR of the eight stages of development by Erick Erickson

Stage 1: (0-1 yrs) Trust vs. mistrust that basic needs will be met (e.g. nourishment, attention/care from caregiver) Stage 2: (1-3 yrs) Autonomy vs. shame/doubt in completing independent tasks (feeding yourself, walking without help) Stage 5: (12-18 yrs) Identity vs. confusion in experimentation and development of identity and roles Stage 8: (65+ yrs) Integrity vs. despair in reflecting about life

What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?

What is normal development?

Behaving in a way that confirms your own or other people's expectations is referred to as

a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Which one of the following is NOT a level of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

acceptance

When Larry forgets to buy milk at the grocery store, he says, "I forgot milk because I was thinking about picking my daughter up from school." When Larry's wife forgets to buy milk, Larry says, "She forgot milk at the store because she's an airhead." This is an example of

actor/observer bias.

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

The ________ complex and the central ________ are both part of the amygdala.

basolateral; nucleus

Chris believes that anyone who listens to pop music has bad taste in music. One day, Chris realizes that the song he is dancing and singing along with on the radio is the newest pop music hit. Chris now decides that listening to pop music is not so bad after all. Chris's attitude change is best explained by

cognitive dissonance.

When love develops slowly and is based on friendship, it is considered to be ________ love.

companionate

Sarah wants to do well in class because she is earning credit toward graduation. Joe wants to do well in class because he gets pleasure from learning new material. Sarah is influenced by ________ motivation. Joe is influenced by ________ motivation.

extrinsic; intrinsic

Taylor was in a car accident when she was six months pregnant. Her doctors are worried that the accident may have caused problems with prenatal development because she is in the ________ period.

fetal

According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, individuals experience the crisis of ________ during the adolescent years, where they face the challenge of addressing questions about who they are.

identity versus role confusion

Joe is nearing the end of his life. He reflects on his past, focusing on how he spent his whole life working long hours at his job. As a result, he is struggling with whether his life has been well lived. Joe is most likely experiencing the ________ stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.

integrity versus despair

Hugh is sad that his best friend is studying abroad for the entire academic year. His brother tries to get him to go to some social events, but Hugh does not want to do anything. Hugh's behavior is not energized, directed, or sustained, and he is lacking

motivation.

Stanley Milgram's shock experiment illustrates the phenomenon of

obedience

On the advice of social psychologists, a technology company decides to pay an unreasonable amount of money to a well-liked celebrity to promote a new product. The company is taking the ________ route of persuasion and using ________ conditioning to make potential customers develop a positive attitude about the product.

peripheral; classical

Parents who allow their children to make their own decisions at an early age, often before they are able, engage what type of parenting style?

permissive

Which of the following domains of development relates to changes in levels of hormones and growth of the body, including the brain?

physical domain

Which of the following is associated with the development of sexually mature reproductive organs and genitals?

primary sex characteristics

When the presence of others leads to enhanced performance, it is an example of

social facilitation.

Brooke is a developmental psychologist at USA College. Which of the following is Brooke most likely to study?

the ways in which children differ from adults in their thought processes

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving

trait

Linda is feeling shaky, her heart is racing, and her mouth is dry. She attributes these symptoms to the fact that she has a big presentation in five minutes and she is nervous. Which theory of emotion best explains Linda's experience?

two-factor

Gretchen is excited when her son Brian demonstrates that he has developed theory of mind and will now be able to

understand that his mom has intentions that guide her actions.