Gen Psych final

Terrence convinces a woman he is interested in to give him her phone number. Unfortunately, the number is ten digits long with the area code, and Terrence cannot find a place to write it down (he forgot his phone!). As he looks for a pen and paper, what can Terrence do to help himself remember the number? "Chunking" the numbers into smaller units will help Terrence. Terrence should try to process the memory in parallel. Nothing will help because 10 digits are beyond the capacity of working memory.

"Chunking" the numbers into smaller units will help Terrence.

Professor Voxel is asked by a student to explain the relative contribution of nature and nurture to intelligence. Which of the following would be the most accurate response? "Although genes play some role, environmental stimulation causes changes in our brain that determine our intelligence." "The development of intelligence is the result of a complicated interaction between nature and nurture." "Intelligence is determined by random factors and is not influenced by nature or nurture."

"The development of intelligence is the result of a complicated interaction between nature and nurture."

When two variables are not related, the correlation coefficient will be close to [ ]. +1.00 .00 -1.00

.00

Daland is a 10-year-old boy who has a mental age of 8 years. His IQ would be [ ]. 100 125 80

80

Your psychology professor argues that dreams represent an attempt by the cerebral cortex to make sense of the random discharges of electrical activity that occur during REM sleep. What perspective best describes your professor's comments? Memory Consolidation Hypothesis Wish Fulfillment Theory Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis

Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis

Match the part of the brain to the function it serves: Amygdala, Broca's area, Cerebellum, Corpus Callosum, Hippocampus, Medulla, Pons, Thalamus, Wernicke's area; emotions, memories, involuntary reflex, sleep, balance and coordination, relay station, connector of 2 halves of brain, production of speech, comprehension of speech

Amygdala: emotions Broca's area: production of speech Cerebellum: balance and coordination Corpus Callosum: connector of 2 halves of brain Hippocampus: memories Medulla: involuntary reflex Pons: sleep Thalamus: relay station Wernicke's area: comprehension of speech

[ ] goals involve the effort to avoid unpleasant experiences, such as trying not to make a fool of oneself at parties. Specific Avoidance Insecure

Avoidance

George believes that man is passive and our actions are dictated by our desire to obtain rewards and avoid punishment. If you were to name which psychological approach would best match George's perspective, it would be Behavioral Cognitive Psychodynamic

Behavioral

Dog trainers use rewards to teach dogs to perform certain tricks or to obey specific commands. These techniques are based on principles from which school of psychology? Psychodynamic Behaviorism Functionalism

Behaviorism

Melinda is a teenager who is grumpy all of the time and fights with her mother often. Her mother believes it is because of her raging hormones. Melinda's mother is taking a [ ] approach to explaining Melinda's behavior. Sociocultural Biological Cognitive

Biological

The approach that studies the relationships between physiological processes and behavior is termed Cognitive Biological Learning

Biological

What is the most widely used psychoactive drug? Marijuana Caffeine Heroine

Caffeine

"Wide-eyed" Wally drinks three caffeinated grande lattes every morning. In terms of neurotransmission, what is happening in Wally's body? Caffeine in the coffee serves as an agonist that enhances the actions of glutamate causing him to be more alert. Caffeine in the coffee serves as an antagonist that enhances the actions of glutamate causing him to be more alert. Caffeine in the coffee serves as an agonist that suppresses the actions of glutamate causing him to be more alert.

Caffeine in the coffee serves as an agonist that enhances the actions of glutamate causing him to be more alert.

Dr. Mingus keeps a very detailed record of a series of interviews with one individual who is suffering from a rare brain disorder. This is an example of which research method? Case Study Correlational Naturalistic Observation

Case Study

[ ] is the understanding that the physical properties of objects, such as the number of items in a cluster or the amount of liquid in a glass, can remain the same even its form or appearance changes. Conservation Concrete operations Object permanence

Conservation

Cliff has vivid memories of burning his hand on a birthday candle at his seventh birthday party. But his mother corrects him, saying, "You never burned your hand. But I would tell you at every birthday to be careful of the candles." Which theoretical model best accounts for Cliff's misremembering? Interference theory Constructionist theory Decay theory

Constructionist theory

Which statement below is known to be true? Correlation has little value in predicting causation. Correlation equals causation. Correlation is not causation.

Correlation is not causation.

A group of students make a presentation on theories of forgetting. Which student was assigned decay theory? Bryan says, "Forgetting happens as a result of a psychological defense mechanism trying to keep threatening material from entering consciousness." Darla says, "Forgetting is a result of memory traces gradually fading out over time." Abel says, "Forgetting results from a failure to access stored memories, either from encoding failure or from a lack of access cues."

Darla says, "Forgetting is a result of memory traces gradually fading out over time."

Reduction of central nervous system activity is the defining feature of which class of drugs? Opioids Stimulants Depressants

Depressants

Frank just entered a drug treatment center for his chemical dependency. He is currently going through a process in which his body is cleared of drugs. What is this process called? Delirium Detoxification Withdrawal

Detoxification

The minimal difference between two stimuli that people can reliably detect is the Signal detection Absolute threshold Difference threshold

Difference threshold

[ ] are social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or suppress) emotions. General adaptations Display rules Emotion prototypes

Display rules

Actor Michael J. Fox has a disease (Parkinson's) that has led to progressive loss of his motor functioning. Fox's condition results from a shortage of which important neurotransmitter? Dopamine Epinephrine Acetylcholine

Dopamine

Cocaine blocks reuptake of [ ], the chemical that stimulates reward pathways in the brain. Serotonin Acetylcholine Dopamine

Dopamine

Which of the following psychologists is most likely to study how humans process information? Dr. Alvarez, a behavioral psychologist Dr. Carlson, a cognitive psychologist Dr. Elrod, a physiological psychologist

Dr. Carlson, a cognitive psychologist

In classical conditioning, a conditioned response can weaken and eventually disappear. This is referred to as Discrimination Generalization Extinction

Extinction

A child's temperament has no effect on the security of their attachment. True False

False

A stimulus that is inherently (naturally) reinforcing is called a secondary reinforcer. True False

False

All dreams occur during REM sleep. True False

False

Because they relied on anecdotes rather than experiments, the forerunners of modern psychology were always wrong in their description of human behavior. True False

False

Cones, which are more sensitive to light than rods, are responsible for peripheral vision and vision in dim light. True False

False

During exposure to light (daytime), melatonin production increases, helping us maintain wakefulness. True False

False

Empirical evidence is the evidence gathered by a careful reflection on one's personal experiences. True False

False

Flashbulb memories, unlike other memories, are completely accurate records of the past. True False

False

In operant conditioning, positive reinforcement leads to increasing of behavior, whereas negative reinforcement leads to decreasing of behavior. True False

False

Maternal use of cigarettes during pregnancy causes damage to the placenta but not to the baby itself. True False

False

Obesity is almost always based on overeating and/or emotional responses to stress or trauma. True False

False

Operant conditioning is also referred to as associative learning. True False

False

Puberty is defined as the age at which a person enters middle school or junior high. True False

False

Research has shown that smiles always signal the same underlying emotion, regardless of culture or situational factors. True False

False

The cerebral hemispheres are connected by the cerebellum. True False

False

We encode our memories as exact replicas of our sensory experiences. True False

False

All stimulants are illicit drugs. True False

False (Caffeine and nicotine are both stimulants, and both are legal)

Perception always accurately reflects external reality. True False

False (Perception is our interpretation of information, and it may not always be accurate)

As healthy, older adults age, what generally happens to their intelligence? Both fluid and crystallized intelligence decline. Fluid intelligence declines but crystallized intelligence remains stable. Neither fluid nor crystallized intelligence decline.

Fluid intelligence declines but crystallized intelligence remains stable.

According to the [ ], raw scores on IQ tests in developed countries steadily climbed throughout the 20th century. Intelligence Validation Hypothesis Flynn Effect Industrial Revolution

Flynn Effect

Match the lobe of the brain to the function it serves: Frontal, Occipital, Parietal, Temporal; bodily sensations, hearing/ language, vision, thinking/ voluntary movements

Frontal: thinking, voluntary movements Occipital: vision Parietal: bodily sensations Temporal: hearing, language

Which school of thought in psychology tried to explain how specific behaviors and mental processes help a person adapt to the environment? Structuralism Functionalism Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Dr. Spires talks with some students before psychology class begins. Spires says, "I believe that mental experience is best understood as a whole, rather than in terms of its parts." Her students recognize that Spires describes which school of thought? Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism

Gestalt Psychology

[ ] is usually the best approach to problems that have several possible answers that vary in quality. Informal reasoning Random selection Formal reasoning

Informal reasoning

Some nights Corey has problems falling asleep. Other nights, he wakes up several times during the night and has difficulty returning to sleep. Corey likely suffers from which sleep disorder? Insomnia Night Terrors Narcolepsy

Insomnia

[ ] is an inferred characteristic, usually defined as the ability to profit from experience, acquire knowledge, think abstractly, act purposefully, or adapt to changes in the environment. Mental age Intelligence Rationality

Intelligence

He is considered the Father of American Psychology. Titchener James Wundt

James

Which sense monitors your ability to understand the position of your body parts in relation to each other without having to give those parts your full attention? Kinesthesis Vestibular Gustation

Kinesthesis

Chomsky's [ ] contends that humans are biologically prewired for speech. Holophrastic Speech Interactionist View of Language Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

[ ] is the cessation of menstruation and of the production of ova (eggs) for the female. Adrenarche Menarche Menopause

Menopause

[ ] is the knowledge or awareness of one's own cognitive processes. Emotional Intelligence Practical Intelligence Metacognition

Metacognition

"White matter" refers to which of the following? Strings of Synapses Myelinated Axons Clusters of Glial Cells

Myelinated Axons

Kendra has a sleep disorder in which she suddenly falls into "sleep attacks" during the daytime. What is the name of Kendra's disorder? Sleep Apnea Narcolepsy Insomnia

Narcolepsy

Developmental psychologist Arthur Chang watches children in a daycare center through a one-way mirror. Chang is utilizing which form of research? Naturalistic Observation Case Study Approach Experimentation

Naturalistic Observation

Which of the following statements is NOT true of a correlation? Correlations can indicate possible causal factors. Negative correlations indicate relatively weak relationships. Negative correlations indicate inverse relationships.

Negative correlations indicate relatively weak relationships.

[ ] are the brain's communication specialists, transmitting information to, from, and within the central nervous system. Glial cells Neurons Receptors

Neurons

What drug is one of the major preventable causes of death in our country and is responsible for diseases like cancer and irreparable major organ damage? Alcohol Marijuana Nicotine

Nicotine

What is the process that takes place when a person learns new responses by watching the behavior of another individual without having to experience it for him/herself? Latent Learning Classical Conditioning Observational Learning

Observational Learning

The existence of afterimages provides support for the [ ] theory of color vision. Trichromatic Color constancy Opponent-process

Opponent-process

When Clara interacts with her sister, Shirley, Clara's interpretations of Shirley's behavior and comments are influenced by preconceptions and expectations from their previous experiences. Which term(s) describes this dynamic? Stroup Effect Selective Attention Perceptual Set

Perceptual Set

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes and traits? Physical traits are usually determined by a single gene pair, whereas psychological traits are usually determined by multiple genes. Physical and psychological traits are usually determined by a single gene. Physical and psychological traits are usually determined by multiple genes.

Physical and psychological traits are usually determined by multiple genes.

[ ] is the brain's ability to adapt and reorganize itself following trauma or surgical alteration. Plasticity Concordance Lateralization

Plasticity

[ ] thinkers generally assume that a correct answer always exists to problems and can be obtained through the senses or from authorities. Quasi-reflective Reflective Pre-reflective

Pre-reflective

[ ] is the ability to repeat a study and see the same results. Reliance Plausibility Replication

Replication

Pedro has suffered a head injury that causes him to have no memory of the events preceding the injury. He is suffering from Retroactive interference. Retrograde Amnesia Anterograde Amnesia

Retrograde Amnesia

[ ] is the genetically influenced weight range of an individual, maintained by biological mechanisms that regulate food intake, fat reserves, and metabolism. Set point Goal weight Extrinsic weight

Set point

Willemena has a genetic disorder which causes her body to produce too little of the hormone leptin. Which of the following is likely a symptom of her disorder? Her metabolism works too quickly. She is overweight due to her overeating. She is underweight.

She is overweight due to her overeating.

Lindsey believes that her personality is influenced by hidden feelings deep inside her that she has no control over. She feels that her mother's early interactions with her have somehow made her the way she is. Which theorist would be most interested in meeting with Lindsey to discuss her problems? Sigmund Freud Albert Bandura John Watson

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following best describes REM sleep? Sleep in which the brain becomes more active but muscle activity is blocked The deepest level of sleep Dream sleep accompanied by increased muscle activity.

Sleep in which the brain becomes more active but muscle activity is blocked

Which modern psychological perspective focuses on how our behavior is influenced by the other people in our environment and the communities we belong to? Biological Learning Sociocultural

Sociocultural

Which perspective is most responsible for bringing issues related to diversity to the forefront of psychological research? Humanistic Perspective Sociocultural Perspective Biological Perspective

Sociocultural Perspective

Experts suggest that college students distribute their study sessions throughout the semester rather than preparing for exams by cramming. This means that college students should use which approach to memorization? Spaced practice Massed practice Cramming

Spaced practice

In which stage do you spend the majority of your sleep time? Stage 2 (Baseline) Stage 5 (REM) Stage 1 (Transition)

Stage 2 (Baseline)

[ ] involved the analysis of the basic elements or building blocks of the mind. Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Structuralism

Structuralism

Which of the following is the most complete definition of psychology? The challenge of behavior and mental processes. The art of behavior and mental processes. The science of behavior and mental processes.

The science of behavior and mental processes.

In her dissertation research, a graduate student finds a correlation of +0.95 between two of the variables being studied. How should she interpret this correlation coefficient? There is no relationship between the variables. The variables have a strong, positive relationship. The variables have a strong, negative relationship.

The variables have a strong, positive relationship.

According to Mary Ainsworth, which of the following best describes the behavioral response of a securely attached infant to the separation from their parent? They are not concerned upon separation, but cry to be picked up and held on the parent's return. They do not seem to care when the parent leaves the room and do not seek contact with the parent upon her or his return. They cry or protest if the parent leaves the room and welcome the parent's return.

They cry or protest if the parent leaves the room and welcome the parent's return.

What property of some brain cells led scientists to call them mirror neurons? Their structure perfectly mirrors the structure of a neighboring neuron. They fire when a person or animal observes others carrying out an action. They only fire when a person of animal looks in a mirror.

They fire when a person or animal observes others carrying out an action.

[ ] is the increased resistance to a drug's effects accompanying continued use. Dependence Withdrawal Tolerance

Tolerance

People with normal color vision are described as Dichromats Trichromats Monochromats

Trichromats

A person who is low in emotional intelligence is likely to misread the nonverbal signals of others. True False

True

A researcher wants to know whether eating chocolate makes people nervous. Some participants are given two bars of chocolate to eat and some are given no chocolate at all, and then all of the participants are tested for nervousness an hour later. In this experiment, the amount of chocolate eaten is the independent variable. True False

True

According to Maslow, if given the opportunity, people will strive toward self-actualization. True False

True

An experiment is a controlled test of a hypothesis in which the researcher manipulates one variable to discover its effect on another. True False

True

As a behavioral psychologist, Watson believed that the whole rich array of human emotion and behavior could be accounted for by conditioning principles. True False

True

As the night progresses, the amount of time spent in REM sleep increases. True False

True

B. F. Skinner believed that human free will is an illusion. True False

True

Being involved in social networks and a close community is one of the most powerful predictors of having a long and healthy life. True False

True

Critical thinking is defined as the ability to assess claims and make judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence. True False

True

Culture influences norms about emotional display and experience. True False

True

Epigenetic changes can be affected by environmental factors. True False

True

Explicit memory requires a conscious effort to recall, while implicit memory does not. True False

True

Expression of an emotion that the person does not really feel is called emotion work. True False

True

Freudian concepts were, and still are, rejected by most empirically oriented psychologists. True False

True

In general, each of the cerebral hemispheres controls feeling and movement on the opposite side of the body. True False

True

Increases in obesity rates have occurred in both sexes, all social classes, and all age groups across the world. True False

True

Maturation is the unfolding of genetically influenced behaviors and physical characteristics. True False

True

Most human traits are influenced by more than one gene. True False

True

Most psychologists define learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. True False

True

Procedural memory involves motor or performance skills. True False

True

Reflective judgment is basically another term for what has been called critical thinking. True False

True

Repression is also referred to as motivated forgetting. True False

True

Smell is the only sense in which sensory information does not go through the thalamus on its way to the cerebral cortex. True False

True

The amygdala scrutinizes information for its emotional importance and makes the initial decision to approach or withdraw from a situation. True False

True

The attachment theory of love emphasizes that people acquire their attachment styles of love, in large part, from how their parents cared for them. True False

True

The body's response in the alarm stage of the GAS is called the "fight or flight" response. True False

True

The inability to distinguish what you originally experienced from what you heard or were later told about an event is called source misattribution. True False

True

The lateral hypothalamus initiates (turns on) eating , whereas the ventromedial hypothalamusregulates feelings of satiety (fullness). True False

True

The nervous system uses neurotransmitters as messengers, whereas the endocrine system uses hormones. True False

True

The process of acquiring language begins in the womb. True False

True

The word "correlation" is often used as a synonym for "relationship." True False

True

To psychologists, motivation refers to an inferred process within a person that causes them to move toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation. True False

True

Under most circumstances, recognition memory tasks are easier than recall memory tasks. True False

True

When one is first acquiring a response, learning is usually most rapid under a continuous reinforcement schedule. True False

True

Jane's dad spins her around and around. When he puts her down, Jane immediately feels as if the room is spinning around her. Jane's experience indicates an imbalance in which of the following? Olfaction Kinesthetic Sense Vestibular Sense

Vestibular Sense

Hans and Franz lift weights at their local gym. When their trainer adds a two-pound weight to Hans's normal fifty-pound load, Hans immediately notices. However, when the same two-pound weight is added to Franz's normal two-hundred-pound load, he isn't aware of the extra weight. The difference in Hans's and Franz's experience is consistent with the principles in Difference threshold theory. Weber's law. Absolutely threshold theory.

Weber's law.

Which question is most likely to be associated with episodic memory? What time is my dentist's appointment next week? Where did I go on my first date? Who wrote Jane Eyre?

Where did I go on my first date?

This psychologist is considered the Father of Psychology: James Titchener Wundt

Wundt

Who established the first psychological laboratory in 1879? Wundt Locke Freud

Wundt

Dr. Schultze conducts research on the effects of a new drug on obsessive-compulsive disorder. In his study, neither Schultze nor the participants know who is receiving the active drug and who is receiving the placebo. This example best describes random sampling. a single-blind study. a double-blind study.

a double-blind study.

A person feels competent in acquiring skills, using tools, and learning to make things (industriousness). According to Erik Erikson's theory, she has successfully resolved the inevitable crisis that occurred when she was [ ]. an infant a school child a preschooler

a school child

Janet sees a bat flying over the lake and says, "Birdie"! Her mother says, "That flies like a bird, Janet, but that is a bat." Janet begins pointing saying, "Bat! Bat! Bat!" Piaget would say that this is an example of [ ]. assimilation preoperational thought accommodation

accommodation

Donna told her husband that she felt butterflies in her stomach when they viewed the two-story home on Jackson Street yesterday, so she is convinced that is the house for their family. Donna is exhibiting [ ]. affect heuristic mental set confirmation bias

affect heuristic

Match the Prenatal Stage with the appropriate description and timeframe: Fetus Stage: zygote formed conception and implantation in uterine wall baby most vulnerable to teratogens age of viability 2 weeks 6 weeks 7 months long

age of viability; 7 months

Cathy hears a rattling sound as she hikes through the desert. Her muscles tense, her blood pressure rises, and her digestion shuts down. According to Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, she is in the [ ]. exhaustion phase resistance phase alarm phase

alarm phase

Duane purchases a cupboard for his kitchen. He assembles the cupboard by explicitly following a series of steps illustrated in the instruction manual. Which type of problem-solving strategy has Duane adopted? multitasking heuristic algorithmic

algorithmic

The [ ] is the part of the brain that is involved with the formation and consolidation of memories associated with fear and other emotions. amygdala frontal lobes cerebellum

amygdala

Which stimulus is most likely to increase oxytocin levels in a human's brain? an affectionate touch stress pain

an affectionate touch

As Miranda looks at the grade scored in her final exams, she thinks, "I did well on this exam, because I studied hard." Miranda's thoughts suggest that she has [ ]. an external locus of control a tendency to exert primary control an internal locus of control

an internal locus of control

Which of the following is most likely to be a prototype of the concept "fruit" for someone who grew up in the American Midwest? apple guava coconut

apple

The functioning of blood vessels, glands, and internal organs is regulated by the [ ]. autonomic nervous system somatic nervous system lymphatic system

autonomic nervous system

During Erikson's stage of [ ], a person must learn to be independent about his or her actions. trust versus mistrust autonomy versus shame and doubt generativity versus stagnation

autonomy versus shame and doubt

Ellie's psychologist recently administered an IQ test on her. The results indicated that Ellie's IQ is 110, which is in the [ ] for IQ. average below average above average

average

Based on Mary Ainsworth's studies, [ ] children did not care if the parent left the room, made little effort to seek contact with the parent on her or his return, and treated a stranger in about the same way as the parent. anxious avoidant secure

avoidant

Match the Prenatal Stage with the appropriate description and timeframe: Embryonic Stage: zygote formed conception and implantation in uterine wall baby most vulnerable to teratogens age of viability 2 weeks long 6 weeks long 7 months long

baby most vulnerable to teratogens; 6 weeks long

The rate at which one's body burns calories at rest is called basal metabolism rate. homeostasis. set point.

basal metabolism rate.

Abraham Maslow envisioned people's motives as forming a pyramid. The first needs to be satisfied (the foundation) were [ ]. basic survival needs security needs social needs

basic survival needs

Based on his observations of cats in puzzle boxes, Thorndike concluded that animals can learn from watching others model behavior. behavior is controlled by its consequences. behavior modification does not work.

behavior is controlled by its consequences.

Depth cues that require the use of both eyes are called binocular cues. convergence cues. dichromatic cues.

binocular cues.

In contrast to agonists, antagonists are drugs that block action of neurotransmitters. mimic the action of neurotransmitters. increase the effectiveness of neurotransmitters.

block action of neurotransmitters.

The three components of emotions are bodily arousal, cognitions, and expressed behavior. bodily arousal, motives, and expressed behavior. bodily arousal, cognitions, and memories.

bodily arousal, cognitions, and expressed behavior.

Zora is currently in therapy for treatment of an eating disorder. Every day she eats a box of donuts and an entire bag of chips and then makes herself vomit. Zora most likely has which of the following disorders? binge-eating disorder bulimia nervosa anorexia nervosa

bulimia nervosa

Within the cell, [ ] are rod-shaped structures that carry the genes. chromosomes DNA genes

chromosomes

The pattern of fluctuations in bodily processes that occur regularly each day are called [ ]. biofeedback loops. homeostatic rhythms. circadian rhythms.

circadian rhythms.

When you look at the drawing below, your brain fills in the gaps so that you perceive a complete form—in this case, a square. This occurs due to the Gestalt principle of [ ]. _________ | | | ______ | proximity closure similarity

closure

The auditory receptors are located in the [ ]. ear drum oval window cochlea

cochlea

The [ ] theory of dreaming suggests that dreaming is simply a continuation of our daytime thinking. cognitive problem-focused consolidation

cognitive

On a trip to Australia, Corbin sees an ibis for the first time. Despite never having seen one before, he uses his [ ]for bird to quickly identify the ibis as a type of bird. concept proposition algorithm

concept

Pauline became ill after eating eggs contaminated with salmonella. She subsequently becomes nauseous whenever she sees eggs. This is an example of stimulus discrimination. conditioned taste aversion. spontaneous recovery.

conditioned taste aversion.

Confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened, is called [ ]. confabulation repression flashbulb memory

confabulation

An effective way to deal with thoughts and feelings that make you ashamed, worried, frightened, or sad is to [ ]. continue to think about them until they decrease suppress them confess them to someone else

confess them to someone else

Reginald is a Green Party supporter. He goes out of his way to read articles about the achievements of the Green Party, but doesn't pay any attention to articles that are critical of the party and its candidates. Reginald is exhibiting [ ]. availability heuristic hindsight bias confirmation bias

confirmation bias

In Freudian theory, the actual events that occur in a dream are referred to as its [ ] content, while the underlying meaning of a dream is its [ ] content. manifest; latent reality; distortion conscious; subconscious

conscious; subconscious

Psychologists refer to the state of awareness of ourselves and the world around us as: mindfulness consciousness circadian

consciousness

The process by which a long-term memory becomes durable and relatively stable is called [ ]. confabulation consolidation chunking

consolidation

A statistical measure of the degree of association between two variables is called a(n) dependent variable. correlation coeffcient. inverse relationship.

correlation coeffcient.

Garry is a 5-year-old who has a conditioned fear of furry and hairy things. He is fond of a snack of milk and chocolate cookies and associates pleasant feelings with it. Psychologists pair a cat with the snack that Garry enjoys until his fear of the cat goes away. This is an example of [ ]. counterconditioning spontaneous recovery stimulus generalization.

counterconditioning

A psychologist is studying gender relationships in childhood and early adolescence. Students from each grade are separately observed during lunchtime at school in order to assess their seating preferences. The researcher is conducting a cross-sectional study. longitudinal study. double-blind study.

cross-sectional study.

The Type A behavior that is dangerous to health is [ ]. a sense of time urgency frequent irritability cynical hostility

cynical hostility

When Jonathan worries about getting bitten by a shark while swimming at the beach, but doesn't worry about getting cancer from the cigarettes he smokes, he is [ ]. exhibiting confirmation bias demonstrating the availability heuristic exhibiting hindsight bias

demonstrating the availability heuristic

In an experiment, the factor that changes in response to some other factor is referred to as the control variable. independent variable. dependent variable.

dependent variable.

Alcohol is to [ ] as caffeine is to [ ]. depressant; stimulant stimulant; opioid depressant; opioid

depressant; stimulant

Match the Piaget's Stage of Cognitive Development with the appropriate description and age: Formal Operational stage: learns through concrete actions: looking, touching, putting things in mouth, sucking, grabbing develop conservation skills egocentrism (can't see others perspectives) develop abstract reasoning skills birth-2 years old 2-7 years old 7-11 years old 11-adult

develop abstract reasoning skills; 11-adult

Match the Piaget's Stage of Cognitive Development with the appropriate description and age: Concrete stage: learns through concrete actions: looking, touching, putting things in mouth, sucking, grabbing develop conservation skills egocentrism (can't see others perspectives) develop abstract reasoning skills birth-2 years old 2-7 years old 7-11 years old 11-adult

develop conservation skills; 7-11 years old

Heather has a history of behavior problems and conflicts with her parents. Now, she is in sixth grade and is the first girl in her class to attain sexual maturity. When compared to later-maturing girls, Heather is more likely to [ ]. develop more emotional and substance abuse problems than her typically developing peers have a positive body image and gain prestige for athletic skills develop positive communication patterns with her parents

develop more emotional and substance abuse problems than her typically developing peers

During the war in Iraq, Max saw his best friend killed during an enemy attack. Max felt that he was partially responsible for his friend's death, and he has a great deal of guilt. Subsequently, Max has perfect recall of his war experience, except for his friend's death. Max's psychologically caused amnesia is referred to as reactive amnesia. retrograde amnesia. dissociative amnesia.

dissociative amnesia.

Match the Piaget's Stage of Cognitive Development with the appropriate description and age: Preoperational stage: learns through concrete actions: looking, touching, putting things in mouth, sucking, grabbing develop conservation skills egocentrism (can't see others perspectives) develop abstract reasoning skills birth-2 years old 2-7 years old 7-11 years old 11-adult

egocentrism (can't see others perspectives); 2-7 years old

When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor site, it can cause [ ]. the receptor to fire an action potential either an excitatory response or an inhibitory response an inhibitory response, but it cannot cause an excitatory response

either an excitatory response or an inhibitory response

What type of evidence is considered valid in psychological research? empirical hypothetical psychic

empirical

_______ is putting information into your memory, _____ is retaining information in memory, and ______ is bringing information to mind. encoding decoding retrieval storage

encoding, storage, retrieval

Ben is a long-distance runner. After a certain point in his workout, he begins to feel a natural "high" instead of pain. This feeling is likely the result of chemicals in his brain called enzymes. endorphins. stimulants.

endorphins.

Tracey has been having chronic headaches and she is behind in all her classes. For the past six months, her job has been extremely stressful, but she doesn't feel that she can quit because she needs the money for tuition. Her vulnerability to illness, such as chronic hypertension, has increased. According to Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, Tracey is in the [ ]. exhaustion phase resistance phase alarm phase

exhaustion phase

The day after the election, Julie says that she knew all along who the winner would be. Although it is possible that she had some special insight into the election, it is more likely that Julie is [ ]. exaggerating the improbable exhibiting hindsight bias exhibiting confirmation bias

exhibiting hindsight bias

A(n) [ ] allows a researcher to control and manipulate the situation being studied. experiment survey case study

experiment

In an experiment, the [ ] group receives the manipulation of the independent variable. control placebo experimental

experimental

Regarding Experimental Research: When the participant's expectations , rather than the experimental treatment, produce the desired outcome, this is called the placebo effect. overgeneralization. experimenter bias.

experimenter bias.

Because of childhood amnesia, most researchers agree that the memories people say they have of their first three years of life are based on [ ]. family stories, photographs, and imagination unconscious memories that float to the surface actual recall of the events

family stories, photographs, and imagination

Johnny gets a paycheck every two weeks. fixed-ratio fixed-interval variable-ratio variable-interval

fixed-interval

A dog is given a treat after every time it rolls over 3 times. fixed-ratio fixed-interval variable-ratio variable-interval

fixed-ratio

Even though she was only a toddler at the time, 55-year-old Jean has a vivid picture in her mind of her mother weeping when the television announced that President Kennedy had been assassinated. Jean's experience is an example of which of the following? retrograde amnesia flashbulb memory misinformation effect

flashbulb memory

According to the serial-position effect, if you are shown a list of items and then asked to immediately recall them, you will most easily recall items [ ]. from the beginning and the end of the list from the middle and the end of the list only from the beginning of the list

from the beginning and the end of the list

From a Freudian perspective, the purpose of dreams is to: sort through possible solutions to everyday problems. reconcile urges. fulfill underlying wishes.

fulfill underlying wishes.

Will you sink into complacency and selfishness, or will you experience the pleasure of creativity and renewal by investing in others? According to Erik Erikson, this is the crisis of [ ]. identity versus role confusion initiative versus guilt generativity versus stagnation

generativity versus stagnation

An infant is shown a picture of a circle over and over again. Eventually, the baby no longer looks at the picture. The infant has [ ] to the circle stimulus. After a period of time has passed, the infant is reintroduced to the picture and becomes newly interested. In this case, the infant has [ ] to the circle stimulus. acclimated; reacclimated habituated; dishabituated accustomed; re-accustomed

habituated; dishabituated

Melanie likes to put her headphones on and listen to her music at very high volume. This habit will likely lead to her damaging the [ ] in her ears, which can result in permanent hearing loss. hair cells ossicles ear drum

hair cells

Freud believes that dreams [ ], and the Activation-Synthesis theory contends that dreams [ ]. are random charges of the brain; are purposeful brain charges are always remembered; are never remembered have underlying meaning; have no underlying meaning

have underlying meaning; have no underlying meaning

Matt is making his famous chili. Instead of measuring the amount of chopped peppers to add, he knows that a handful is "usually about right." This illustrates the use of a(n) [ ]. prototype algorithm heuristic

heuristic

Suppose a researcher finds that taste in music tends to be much more similar for identical twins than it is for fraternal twins. This would suggest that the heritability for musical taste is relatively high relatively low higher for identical twins than fraternal twins

higher for identical twins than fraternal twins

The [ ] plays a critical role in the formation of long-term explicit memories. cerebellum frontal lobes hippocampus

hippocampus

When you are under stress, the brain's [ ] sends messages to the endocrine glands along two major pathways. corpus callosum hypothalamus amygdala

hypothalamus

In a study of the effects of various brands of ice cream on weight gain, the type of ice cream consumed represents the dependent variable. independent variable. control variable.

independent variable

People who participate in research studies must participate voluntarily and must know enough about the study to make an intelligent decision about participating. This concept is known as informed consent. human welfare. the APA code.

informed consent.

The experience of "jet lag" is the result of a phenomenon called [ ]. hormonal rhythm internal desynchronization biological fluctuations

internal desynchronization

Diana is in her twenties and has successfully resolved each life crisis as it has occurred throughout her development. According to Erik Erikson, Diana now must resolve the crisis of [ ]. intimacy versus isolation integrity versus despair initiative versus guilt

intimacy versus isolation

Your psychology professor asks a student volunteer to concentrate on eating an apple and then describe the individual elements of that experience. Your professor is demonstrating the technique of [ ] which is a technique used by investigators of [ ]. introspection; structuralism psychoanalysis; functionalism stream of consciousness; behaviorism

introspection; structuralism

Your heartbeat, digestion, and pupil contractions are [ ] processes regulated by the [ ] nervous system. voluntary; somatic involuntary; autonomic parasympathetic; somatic

involuntary; autonomic

Linda engages in activities only if she will receive a reward. In regard to motivation, Linda [ ]. is extrinsically motivated has a need for mastery. is intrinsically motivated

is extrinsically motivated

Professor Bell notices that one of his students seems to frame her participation in the course in terms of being judged favorably by fellow students and avoiding his criticism. It is likely that the student is motivated by performance goals feels intrinsic pleasure in the course material she is mastering. regards failure as a source of useful information to help her improve.

is motivated by performance goals

Empirical evidence is information that is observable and verifiable. confirms your beliefs. is easily obtained.

is observable and verifiable.

Scientists use the term [ ] to describe the division of functions between the right and left hemispheres of the brain. plasticity split-brain lateralization

lateralization

Match the Piaget's Stage of Cognitive Development with the appropriate description and age: Sensorimotor stage: learns through concrete actions: looking, touching, putting things in mouth, sucking, grabbing develop conservation skills egocentrism (can't see others perspectives) develop abstract reasoning skills birth-2 years old 2-7 years old 7-11 years old 11-adult

learns through concrete actions: looking, touching, putting things in mouth, sucking, grabbing; birth-2 years old

Patients with [ ] hemisphere damage in the brain may have difficulties with reading, identifying objects, making symbolic gestures or pantomimes, and describing events in the correct order. frontal left right

left

Considered permanent: short-term memory long-term memory sensory memory

long-term memory

Includes procedural and declarative knowledge: short-term memory long-term memory sensory memory

long-term memory

Strengthening synaptic connections between neurons by repeated stimulation is known as long-term potentiation neuronal networks mnemonics

long-term potentiation

After their marriage, Patrick and Mary Anne agreed to participate in a research project that investigated differences in the level of marital satisfaction over time. Every five years they had to complete a survey that indicated their marital satisfaction. Patrick and Mary Anne are participants in a double-blind study. cross-sectional study. longitudinal study.

longitudinal study.

There are some problems that cannot be solved, but we can change the way we think about the problem. What coping method is being used when a person says, "I'm devastated that our home was flooded, but at least it is still standing. Some of the houses closer to the river are completely gone"? learning from the experience making social comparisons drawing on social support

making social comparisons

The concept of "Tabula Rasa," popularized by John Locke, emphasized the view that man is born with no innate notions and predispositions. the mind and body interact through "interactive dualism." man's inner psyche, the unconscious, influences his behaviors.

man is born with no innate notions and predispositions.

males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners: matching hypothesis proximity reciprocity similarity

matching hypothesis

The facial-feedback hypothesis suggests that people primarily recognize other people's emotions by their facial expressions. mimicking the facial expression associated with an emotion will result in the experience of that emotion. facial feedback is an indicator of one's genuine feelings.

mimicking the facial expression associated with an emotion will result in the experience of that emotion.

Anthony was raised in a substandard orphanage where he was given little attention. He wasn't adopted until he was 6 years old. Anthony is [ ] to become insecurely attached to his adoptive parents as compared to a child that did not experience the same level of abandonment and deprivation. more likely less likely no more likely

more likely

Early maturing boys generally have [ ] than late-maturing boys. fewer problems with the law more size and strength advantages to boost sports skills more negative concepts about their bodies

more size and strength advantages to boost sports skills

In his research on male pattern baldness, Dr. Toupee has observed that, on average, men with less hair tend to be older than men with more hair. This would be considered a(n) [ ] correlation. negligible positive negative

negative

A teen gets her cell phone privileges revoked after she breaks curfew. positive punishment positive reinforcement negative reinforcement negative punishment

negative punishment

Johnny does his laundry in order to avoid his mother's incessant nagging. positive punishment positive reinforcement negative reinforcement negative punishment

negative reinforcement

Chemical messengers that transport nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another are called neurotransmitters. synapses. hormones.

neurotransmitters.

Most psychoactive drugs produce their effects primarily by acting on [ ]. hypothalamus. neurotransmitters. hormones.

neurotransmitters.

Retroactive interference is when older memories interfere with newer memories. less frequently experienced events interfere with more frequently experienced events. newer memories interfere with older memories.

newer memories interfere with older memories.

Which of the following relationships would most likely have the weakest correlation? number of fingers on a person's hand and intelligence air temperature and number of air conditioners being used a school child's age and vocabulary

number of fingers on a person's hand and intelligence

According to Piaget, during their first year, infants develop [ ], the understanding that an object continues to exist even when you cannot see it or touch it. assimilation conservation object permanence

object permanence

By conducting his experiment with Bobo the Clown, psychologist Albert Bandura came to the conclusion that children learn aggression through classical conditioning. latent learning. observing and imitating models.

observing and imitating models.

Researchers use descriptive statistics when they want to: draw inferences about how statistically meaningful a study's results are. combine and analyze data from many studies. organize and summarize research data.

organize and summarize research data.

While Breanna is walking on the road, a bicyclist swerves toward her. Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm's way. Soon, Breanna's heart rate begins to decrease. This calming reaction is due to the action of Breanna's [ ]. parasympathetic nervous system sympathetic nervous system lymphatic system

parasympathetic nervous system

Emerging adulthood, the years between the ages of 18 and 25, is considered to be a new phase of life in which [ ]. crises similar to midlife crises commonly occur rates of emotional distress increase greatly as people assume adult responsibilities people feel that they are no longer adolescents but are not yet fully adult

people feel that they are no longer adolescents but are not yet fully adult

The tendency to perceive properties of an object as remaining the same despite changes in its retinal image is called closure. perceptual constancy. figure-ground.

perceptual constancy.

After repeatedly using a drug over six months, Elian's body chemistry has changed such that it depends on having a steady supply of the drug. Elian has developed psychological dependence tolerance physiological dependence

physiological dependence

Which gland is best described as the "master gland"? pituitary gland pineal gland adrenal gland

pituitary gland

According to your textbook, which of the following environmental factors is associated with reduced intelligence? exposure to video games poor prenatal care intergenerational households

poor prenatal care

Julie finds that the more she sleeps on the eve of an exam, the higher the score she gets on the exam. There is [ ] correlation between the amount Julie sleeps and her exam scores. negligible positive negative

positive

Angelo gets his mouth washed out with soap for talking back to his mother. positive punishment positive reinforcement negative reinforcement negative punishment

positive punishment

Susie receives 10 demerits for being late to chapel. positive punishment positive reinforcement negative reinforcement negative punishment

positive punishment

Jenny gets an "A" on her test after she studies hard for her Psychology test. positive punishment positive reinforcement negative reinforcement negative punishment

positive reinforcement

In terms of prefrontal activation associated with emotions, the left cerebral cortex is to [ ] emotions as the right cerebral cortex is to [ ] emotions. positive; negative strong; weak withdraw; approach

positive; negative

The ACT test has what psychologists call "predictive validity," which means that ACT test scores can determine with certainty one's potential in college. provide completely accurate details of a student's academic ability. predict college student potential academic outcomes

predict college student potential academic outcomes

While helping to build a railroad in the 1800s, Phineas Gage showed severe personality changes following an accident that damaged his prefrontal cortex. hypothalamus. hippocampus.

prefrontal cortex.

Which approach to explaining dreams is best supported by the fact that students who are worried about getting a good grade in a class often have recurring dreams of running out of time on exams, oversleeping and missing class, or suddenly realizing that a paper deadline was just missed? consolidation Activation-Synthesis problem-focused

problem-focused

After their home in California is damaged during an earthquake and they have taken time to grieve their loss, a couple researches the federal loan program to help them rebuild their house. Their behavior is an example of [ ]. problem-focused coping distraction reappraisal

problem-focused coping

tendency of having higher level of attraction to those that are near to us: matching hypothesis proximity reciprocity similarity

proximity

There are some problems that cannot be solved, but we can change the way we think about the problem. What coping method is being used when a person says, "Well, I may have lost my accounting job, but I always did want a chance to work with people, and now I can find a job that allows me to do that"? learning from the experience reappraising the situation making social comparisons

reappraising the situation

The tendency to like people who like us is called: matching hypothesis proximity reciprocity similarity

reciprocity

Annie is an interior designer. Unfortunately for her, she has the most common form of color blindness. What type of color blindness does she have? red-yellow red-green blue-green

red-green

People who are [ ] thinkers generally understand that some things can never be known with certainty, but they also understand that some judgments are more valid than others. pre-reflective reflective quasi-reflective

reflective

Maintenance rehearsal involves practice based on [ ], whereas elaborative rehearsal involves practice based on [ ]. repeating information as a whole; breaking the information into smaller pieces. chunking; partial rehearsal. repetition; rehearsing meaningful associations.

repetition; rehearsing meaningful associations.

The visual receptors are located in the [ ], which is located in the back of the eye. retina cornea iris

retina

Patients with [ ] hemisphere damage in the brain may have difficulty identifying faces, interpreting emotional expressions, or understanding music or art. right left frontal

right

Evie touches the cheek of her two-month-old daughter, Ellen. In response, Ellen turns her head toward the touch in search of something to suck. Ellen is demonstrating the [ ] reflex. rooting Babinski Moro

rooting

Phil's mental representation of Thanksgiving includes associations about turkeys, attitudes toward the holiday, and expectations about the weight he would gain! These are all part of his [ ] for the holiday. schema proposition heuristic

schema

Which of the following is one of the functions of the placenta during pregnancy? triggering the division of the zygote secreting testosterone when the embryo is male screening out some, but not all, harmful substances

screening out some, but not all, harmful substances

In the Awareness video, many were not able to perceive the gorilla moving through the middle of the circle, because they were hyper-focused on counting the number of times the basketball was being passed. This concept of limiting attention to certain stimuli while filtering out other stimuli is called divided consciousness. selective attention. perception.

selective attention.

Katerina has the conviction that she can do what she sets out to do, whether it is mastering a new skill or reaching her goal of becoming a U.S. citizen. Psychologists call this feeling of competence [ ]. self-efficacy drive a performance goal

self-efficacy

Your general world information (e.g., state capitals, U.S. presidents) is stored in semantic memory episodic memory retrospective memory

semantic memory

When she goes into her mother's kitchen, Jessica doesn't know how long she will be able to stay in the room because of the overpowering smell of onions. But when her sister comes home an hour later and complains about the smell, Jessica realizes that she no longer smells the onions at all. This is an example of [ ]. absolute threshold. a just noticeable difference. sensory adaptation.

sensory adaptation.

Involves stimuli coming in to our senses: short-term memory long-term memory sensory memory

sensory memory

Shortest in duration: short-term memory long-term memory sensory memory

sensory memory

In operant conditioning, reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior is a procedure called [ ]. shaping. chaining. higher-order conditioning.

shaping.

Also called "conscious mind": short-term memory long-term memory sensory memory

short-term memory

Information held for 30 seconds before forgotten: short-term memory long-term memory sensory memory

short-term memory

Limited in its capacity to hold information: short-term memory long-term memory sensory memory

short-term memory

the rule that birds of a feather flock together: matching hypothesis proximity reciprocity similarity

similarity

The semantic network model proposes a process called [ ] in which thinking of a concept leads to a rippling effect that triggers other related concepts. consolidation long-term potentiation spreading activation

spreading activation

Although Little Albert was classically conditioned to fear a rat, he also began to fear dogs, rabbits, and a Santa Claus mask. This is an example of reconditioning. stimulus discrimination. stimulus generalization.

stimulus generalization.

Wundt is to [ ] as James is to [ ]. functionalism; Gestalt structuralism; functionalism behaviorism; functionalism

structuralism; functionalism

When Maxwell was learning to drive, he couldn't imagine how he could ever remember to steer the wheel, flip on the turn signal, step on the accelerator, and still manage to turn the car! After driving for three years, Maxwell's reactions have become automatic. Now, when he drives a car [ ]. convergent thinking is involved nonconscious processes are involved subconscious processes are involved

subconscious processes are involved

Social desirability bias and volunteer bias are problems typically associated with which research method? case study surveys naturalistic observation

surveys

As Monique is walking across the street, a car swerves toward her. Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm's way. This mobilization of energy is due to the action of Monique's [ ]. parasympathetic nervous system lymphatic sytsem sympathetic nervous system

sympathetic nervous system

Baby Ellie says to her mother, "Me play!" Ellie's speech represents what form of language development? telegraphic speech babbling holophrastic speech

telegraphic speech

Caffeine, psychoactive drugs, cigarettes, and prescription medication are examples of [ ], which are nongenetic agents that potentially cause birth defects. uncontrolled substances teratogens addictions

teratogens

In a neuron, [ ] is to sending as [ ] is to receiving. terminal button; dendrite soma; dendrite axon; terminal button

terminal button; dendrite

The expression "mental processes" that is sometimes used in definitions of psychology refers to both "Cognitions and Affects." The term Affectrefers to the process of mental data manipulation. the feelings or moods that accompany an emotional reaction. the way that other people respond to you.

the feelings or moods that accompany an emotional reaction.

Which of the following is one of the leading environmental culprits causing the worldwide weight-gain epidemic? the increased popularity of eating meals at home with family the increased preference for sedentary activities such as watching videos and television, or sitting at a computer the lack of variety in modern diets

the increased preference for sedentary activities such as watching videos and television, or sitting at a computer

An experiment is conducted to test a new antianxiety drug. After taking the drug, 35 percent of the participants receiving the medication report less anxiety, compared to 36 percent of those taking a placebo. The researchers should conclude that participants knew which group they were in. the medication itself probably has no real effect on anxiety. the drug actually increases anxiety.

the medication itself probably has no real effect on anxiety.

An adolescent has just experienced menarche. This means that [ ]. the onset of menstruation has occurred there has been an increase of hormones in the bloodstream. there has been an increase of emotional outbursts

the onset of menstruation has occurred

Trichromatic theory suggests that the retina has one type of color receptor that responds to each color in 3 different ways. color results from opposing processes involving three sets of color receptors: red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white. the retina has three types of color receptors—red, green, and blue-violet.

the retina has three types of color receptors—red, green, and blue-violet.

The structure that serves as our biological clock and controls our circadian rhythms is [ ]. the pituitary gland the pineal gland the suprachiasmatic nucleus

the suprachiasmatic nucleus

A baby learns that when he is hungry, food is provided, and when he is in pain, he is cuddled and comforted. Erik Erikson suggested that this baby would be developing a sense of [ ]. integrity trust intimacy

trust

In the "Quack Attack" video we watched in class, the older brother would press a button on his phone that "quacked" when his little brother was in earshot. Immediately after the quack, he would then shoot his brother in the head with bullets from a Nerf gun. This caused the little brother to duck to avoid getting hit with the gun pellets. Unconditioned Stimulus (US), Unconditioned Response (UR), Conditioned Response (CR), Neutral Stimulus (NS), Conditioned Stimulus (CS); Quacking sounds, Ducking to avoid bullets, Quacking sounds, Nerf gun bullets hitting head, Ducking to avoid bullets

unconditioned Stimulus (US): nerf gun bullets hitting head; unconditioned response (UR): ducking to avoid bullets; conditioned response (CR): ducking to avoid bullets; neutral stimulus (NS): quacking sounds; conditioned stimulus (CS): quacking sounds

Mrs. Miller gives her students "pop" quizzes on occasion to encourage her students to read the textbook chapters. fixed-ratio fixed-interval variable-ratio variable-interval

variable-interval

Grandpa plays the slot machines at the casino, with the hopes of someday winning the jackpot. fixed-ratio fixed-interval variable-ratio variable-interval

variable-ratio

Retrieving a memory is most like [ ]. replaying a videotape of an event watching unconnected frames of a movie and figuring out what the rest of the scene was like hearing the soundtrack of a story without access to the visual and other sensory images

watching unconnected frames of a movie and figuring out what the rest of the scene was like

Motives address the fundamental question of the [ ] of behavior. why who what

why

Match the Prenatal Stage with the appropriate description and timeframe: Germinal Stage: zygote formed, conception and implantation in uterine wall, baby most vulnerable to teratogens, age of viability; 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 months long

zygote formed; conception and implantation in uterine wall; 2 weeks long