General Psychology Chapter 7

"Express as an improper fraction: 4 7/8," states a problem in a fifth-grade arithmetic text. This problem is BEST solved through: a) an algorithm. b) insight. c) trial and error. d) a heuristic.

a) an algorithm.

Consider nonalcoholic beverages. Which pairing CORRECTLY matches a level of the concept hierarchy with an example? a) subordinate - cola b) subordinate - beverage c) basic - ginger ale d) superordinate - soft drink

a) subordinate - cola

A cause cannot be identified in approximately _____% of the cases of intellectual disability. a) 25 b) 50 c) 10 d) 75

b) 50

A researcher finds a significant correlation between the IQ scores and the SES of a large sample of American adults. What can she conclude? a) Low SES results in low IQ. b) High IQ is associated with high SES. c) Low IQ produces low SES. d) SES is unrelated to IQ.

b) High IQ is associated with high SES.

A persisting issue or controversy in psychology that is especially relevant to the study of intelligence is that of: a) observable behavior versus mental processes. b) nature versus nurture. c) free will versus determinism. d) unconscious versus conscious roots of behavior.

b) nature versus nurture.

According to the text, divergent thinking is a component of creativity. Therefore, scores on measures of divergent thinking should be _____ correlated with scores on creativity measures. a) perfectly b) positively c) weakly d) negatively

b) positively

If one were to plot the IQ scores of every person in the United States on a graph, one would end up with a:

bell-shaped curve.

In the context of problem solving approaches, identify a TRUE statement about algorithms. a) They do not ensure a solution. b) They incorporate a rule of thumb. c) They are not always practical. d) They can be used without formulas.

c) They are not always practical.

Cognition was relatively neglected in psychology: a) before 1930. b) until 1950. c) between 1930 and 1950. d) from 1950 until the 1970s.

c) between 1930 and 1950.

In Sternberg's terms, _____ intelligence drives one's ability to adjust to different environments. a) logical b) creative c) practical d) analytical

c) practical

People seek and remember evidence that supports their existing hypotheses; they ignore or discount contradictory evidence. In other words, people are prone to the:

confirmation bias.

An individual's potential for learning is called: a) creativity. b) intelligence. c) flexibility. d) aptitude.

d) aptitude.

Collectivist cultures, such as Taiwan's, place a high priority on how individuals relate to each other. It might be reasonable to hypothesize that Taiwanese adults would outscore American adults on a test of Gardner's _____ intelligence. a) intrapersonal b) naturalistic c) practical d) interpersonal

d) interpersonal

Which component of language is CORRECTLY matched with its definition? a) semantics - word order b) syntax - speech sounds c) phoneme - meaning d) pragmatics - social communication

d) pragmatics - social communication

Psychologists define _____ as the capacity to solve problems, adapt to the environment, and learn from experience.

intelligence

Collectivist cultures, such as Taiwan's, place a high priority on how individuals relate to each other. It might be reasonable to hypothesize that Taiwanese adults would outscore American adults on a test of Gardner's _____ intelligence.

interpersonal

With respect to the elements of language reviewed in the textbook, cultural influences are probably MOST apparent at the level of:

pragmatics.

_____ help individuals categorize or identify specific members of a concept.

Prototypes

_____ is among the seven intelligences in Gardner's theory.

Spatial

Lori and Monica are looking at the cans of coffee on display at a local supermarket. They are trying to decide which of two different-sized cans is a better buy. Lori attempts to divide the price of each can by the number of ounces of coffee each contains. Monica suggests that "the larger size is usually a better buy." Lori is using a(n) _____; Monica is using a(n) _____.

algorithm; heuristic

Triangles are three-sided polygons whose interior angles sum to 180 degrees. Based on this definition, "triangle" is a _____ concept.

formal

When one solves a crossword puzzle using certain mental shortcuts, he or she is using cognitive strategies psychologists call:

heuristics.

A number of psychologists have attempted to teach language to nonhuman primates. In most instances, the primates learned many signs or word symbols; they could not, however, communicate about abstract or hypothetical concepts. With respect to the elements of language reviewed in the textbook, the primates mastered _____ but not _____.

morphemes; displacement

Emotional intelligence is positively associated with:

occupational success.