genetics
What is a genetic disorder?
an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes on chromosomes
What is a dominant allele?
an allele that always shows in an organism
What does Rr mean?
heterzygous, hybrid, dominant
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
a genetic disorder where the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines; making it hard to breathe and digest food.
What is a mutation?
A change in a gene on chromosome that cause genetic disorders.
What is Sickle-Cell Disease?
A genetic disorder caused by abnormal hemoglobin which causes people to suffer from lack of oxygen in the blood making them experience pain and weakness.
What is Down's Syndrome?
A genetic disorder due to an extra copy of chromosome 21
What is hemophilia?
A genetic disorder where the blood clots very slowly or not at all.
What did Gregor Mendel do to study different characteristics in his genetics experiments?
He cross-pollinated plants.
genotype
an organism's genetic make-up example:BB,Bb,bb
Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait
hybrid
An organism's physical appearance is it's?
Phenotype
What does the notation TT mean to geneticists?
Two dominant alleles
gene
factors that contol traits
Walter Sutton discovered that the sex cells of grasshoppers have
half the number of chromosomes found in the body cells
When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell contributes
half the number of chromosomes in body cells
purebred (homozygous)
having the same alleles for a trait example:BB or bb
What does it mean to be homozygous for a particular trait such as widow's peak?
having the same alleles for widow's peak Example: WW or ww
What does it mean to be heterozygous for tallness in pea plants?
having the two different alleles for tallness Example: Tt
hybrid (heterozygous)
having two different alleles for a trait example:Bb
What does RR mean?
homozygous, purebred, dominant Capital letters are dominant
What does rr mean?
homozygous, purebred, recessive Lower case are recessive
What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
it states that genes are earned from parents to their offspring on chromosomes
How does probability relate to Punnett Squares?
it tells us the probability of genetic crosses
Where are genes located?
on the chromosomes
trait
phisical characteristics studied in genetics
allele
the different forms of a gene
Factors that control traits are called
Genes
What do we call the factors that control your traits?
Genes
What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists?
One dominant allele and one recessive allele
Why do geneticists use Punnett Squares?
They use it to show all of the possible outcomes of genetic crosses and the percentage of each.
What does a Punnett Suare show?
all the possible outcomes of genetic cross
What is a recessive allele?
an allele that is hidden when a dominant allele is present
phenotype
an organisms physical appearance example:tall,short
what is probability?
the chance of something occuring
what is heredity
the passing of traits from parents to offspring
What is meiosis?
the process by which the number of the chromosomes is reduced by half to for sex cells-sperm & eggs
what is a proportion?
the ratio between two numbers
what is genetics
the scientific study of heredity