Genetics Unit 3

Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Single-stranded RNA

Starting with 15N15N (heavy) DNA, and after TWO generations in the 14N medium, Escherichia coli cells will contain

50% 15N15N DNA and 50% 14N14N DNA

Griffith Experiment

bacteria are capable of transferring genetic information through a process known as transformation

In DNA, the designations 3' and 5' refer to the

carbon atoms of deoxyribose to which phosphate groups may bond.

Johannes Miescher

first to isolate DNA

The Meselson-Stahl experiment demonstrated that DNA replication produces two DNA molecules, each composed of

one old strand and one new strand

Watson and Crick

showed DNA is a double helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone and anti-parallel

E. coli

single-stranded DNA

When a double-stranded DNA molecule is heated, it denatures into two single-stranded molecules. The reason for this that

the heat breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the bases together in the center of the molecule but does not affect the covalent bonds of the backbone.

When T2 phage viruses that infect bacteria make more viruses in the presence of radioactive sulfur, which of the following results?

The viral proteins are tagged by radioactivity.

Chemicals from heat-killed S cells were purified. The chemicals were tested for the ability to transform live R cells. The transforming agent was found to be DNA.

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Discovered that the genetic material of Pneumococcus is DNA

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Suppose one was provided with an actively dividing culture of E. coli bacteria to which radioactive thymine had been added. What would happen if a cell replicated once in the presence of this radioactive base.

DNA in both daughter cells would be radioactive.

Meselson and Stahl

Determined that DNA replication is semiconservative. The original strand will act as a template to form a new strand

Plants

Double-stranded DNA

Pneumococci

Double-stranded DNA

T2 Bacterial Phage

Double-stranded DNA

Yeast

Double-stranded DNA

Double-stranded DNA with specific proteins associations/attached are found in?

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

Double-stranded DNA is found in which of the below?

Eukaryotic, Prokaryotic, Plants, Insects, and Amphibians

Responsible for the "Transforming Principle"

Griffith

Discovered that the genetic material of T2 Bacteriophage is DNA

Hershey and Chase

The DNA of a phage was injected into the bacterial host, but the protein coat stayed outside. The viral DNA directed the host to replicate new phage viruses.

Hershey and Chase

Which of the following is a protein in animals, plants, fungi, and Protista?

Histones

In any DNA sample, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.

Meselson and Stahl / Chargaff

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

People who made images of DNA using X-rays.

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Proved Griffith wrong, transformation requires DNA and genetic material of a cell is either protein or nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)