geo 101 finals
The maximum ice advance of the Wisconsinan Glaciation which covered much of North America and Europe was how many years ago
18000
where are ice sheets
Antarctica and Greenland
Glacial ice accumulates when ablation exceeds accumulation
False
motion in an alpine glacier is fastest near the bed and slowest on the surface at its midline
False
What is the dominant physical weathering process in arctic and high mountain environments
Frost Action
Name one non physical weathering process
Hydrolysis
A glacial delta composed of well-washed and well-sorted sand and gravels forms what land form?
Kame
Niche formation is associated with which of the following types of weathering?
Salt crystal growth
Form of earthflow found in periglacial environments
Solifluction
Pockets of unfrozen ground which occur even in areas of continueous permafrost
Taliks
The most important factor in determining how long it takes for water from a rainfall event to reach a stream channel is the size of the drainage basin:
True
Which of the following processes best describes exfoliation
Unloading
Name for the most recent glaciation in north america?
Wisconian 18k years ago
The boundary between slopes that contribute water to different drainage basins is a
a. Drainage divide
Rivers in a dry region that derive their flow from a different region upstream where a moisture surplus exists are
a. exotic rivers
The impact of urbanization on stream flow is to
a. reduce the lag time and increase discharge levels
During the wisconian glaciation ice caps and ice sheets were found on all continents except
africa
Glaciers located in the mountains that occupy former river valleys are
alpine glacieers
A layer of rock that contains abundant water is a(an)
aquifer
Which of the following landforms is produced through erosion by alpine glaciers?
arete
Sharp, often jagged ridges that rise bove ice containing troughts and that seperated adjacent glaciers or glacial valleys are called
aretes
Karst landscapes are created by
carbonic acid action
Which of the following statements concerning lakes is incorrect?
d. Lakes are generally long-lived phenomena on the geologic time scale
Which of the following is not true of stream discharge?
d. Water flows faster through wider and deeper parts of the stream channel
Thermokarst is characterized by which of the following features
depressions
The difference between the cone tip and the original water table after water has been drawn from a well is known as the:
drawdown
_____ are smoothly rounded oval hills that occur in swarms behind the terminal moraine
drumlins
A mass of saturated soil, regolith or weak shale moving down a steep slope over a period of a few hours is an
earthflow
The process of soil creep is created by
earthquakes, animals, wetting and drying
The accumulation of excess nutrients that stimulate freshwater plant growth may lead to which of the following processes?
eutrophication
A bed of clay and shale would be an effective aquifer.
false
A rock knob is shaped by moving ice, such that the lee side is eroded by glacial abrasion to create a smooth surface.
false
Accumulations of sediment deposited by streams waves wind etc are called residual regolith
false
An iceberg is formed by the direct freezing of ocean water.
false
Artesian wells derive water from an open perched water table.
false
Continous permafrost and sporadic permafrost occur at the highest latitudes of periflacial regions
false
Landslides are triggered by heavy rains rather than earthquakes or sudden rock failures.
false
Scientists have proven that the Ice Age was caused by a decrease in the sun's energy output over the past several million years.
false
Solifluction results in the slow gradual bending of layered rock strata such as shales or slates
false
The astronomical hypothesis proposed by Milankovitch suggests that cycles in axial rotation and solar revolution has a period of around 20,000 years.
false
The effects of glaciation on agriculture are largely negative.
false
The type of chemical weathering that can be very damaging to urban areas is oxydation
false
a lake is considered a landform
false
ice sheets during the last glacial maximum in North America, extended as far south as florida and texas
false
igneous and metamorphic rocks are particularly resistenat to hydrolysis and oxidation
false
in moist climates the water level of lakes does not reflect the level of the water table
false
stone polygons commonly form in silty alluvioum associated with river flood plains and delta plain in eriglacial regions
false
stratified drift consists of sorted and stratiified clays and angular pebbles and large boudlers
false
the mississippi flood of 1993 was unsuual because it occured in spring
false
The grandular compacted old snow that forms glacial ice is properly referred to as
firn
Name two chemical weathering processes in which the chemical structure of the minerals are changed into new minerals
hydrolysis and oxidation
A landform in silty alluvial deposits in periglacial environments is an
ice wedge polygon
What kind of mass movement is not associated with water typically
landslide
Caverns, travertine deposits and sinkholes form in landscapes dominated by ____________ rock.
limestone
the most recent episode of glacial advance was
none of the above
The land bordering a stream channel that is flooded by stream waters about once a year is a
none of the above (flood plain)
Which proccesses could result in an induced earthflow
piling of waste soil and rock in unstable accumulation
An upward-pointing rod-shaped structure in a limestone caves is referred to as a:
stalagmite g-ground
What is found under lakes or rivers?
taliks
What is the name given to lakes that form in hollows left behind by prior alpine glaciers
tarn
The ____ is made up of glacial till that accumulates at the furthest extent of the ice edge
terminal moraine
Which of the following statements is not true about lakes:
they are long lived
an unsorted mixture of rock fragments ranging in size from vlay to boulders is called
till
The most rapid flow in a glacier is
top middle
Minerals eroded by acid action in karst regions and then deposited on the walls of caves are known as:
travertine
A physical weathering process strongly associated with arid environments is salt growth
true
Alpine permafrost is restricted to elevations at which the mean annual temperatures is below freezing
true
At high elevations, orographic precipitation encourages the growth of glacial ice.
true
Drainage basin size is the most important factor in the delay in discharge response to heavy rain.
true
Ground subsidence in periglacial environments caused by melting perma frost is called thermokarst
true
Groundwater contributes water to streams through base flow:
true
Human activity can induce landslides, mudflows and earth flows
true
Mass wasting in which water saturated soil and regolith slowly flows downhill is reffered to as an earthflow
true
Most areas of urban landscapes are not permeable and therefore nearby streamflow is impacted
true
Overland flow occurs when soil receives prolonged rain or rapid snowmelt.
true
Pack ice is a form of sea ice that forms from the freezing of seawater and completely covers the sea surface.
true
Pollutants from a land-fill disposal site may eventually pollute nearby streams.
true
Polluted urban air may be more acidic leading to more rapid chemical weathering
true
The Aral Sea is rapidly shrinking due to the diversion of water from rivers entering the sea to irrigation.
true
The cone of depression results from water being withdrawn from a well:
true
The uppermost layer of a glacier is brittle, but beneath the ice behabes as a plastic substances and moves by slow flowage.
true
When a glacier surges it can travel down valley at speeds of 60 meters per day for several months.
true
lobes of ice flowing from the laurentide ice sheet spread around an area in wisconisn known as the driftless area.
true
salt crystalization involeves the deposition and growth of salt calcite, or gypsum which can break rocks apart grain by grain
true
streams of meltwater from the terminus of a glacier build glacial deltas that eventually become flat topped land forms known as kames.
true
Where is chemical weathering most effective
warm, moist environments
The uppermost zone of groundwater saturation is the
water table