geo 101 finals

The maximum ice advance of the Wisconsinan Glaciation which covered much of North America and Europe was how many years ago

18000

where are ice sheets

Antarctica and Greenland

Glacial ice accumulates when ablation exceeds accumulation

False

motion in an alpine glacier is fastest near the bed and slowest on the surface at its midline

False

What is the dominant physical weathering process in arctic and high mountain environments

Frost Action

Name one non physical weathering process

Hydrolysis

A glacial delta composed of well-washed and well-sorted sand and gravels forms what land form?

Kame

Niche formation is associated with which of the following types of weathering?

Salt crystal growth

Form of earthflow found in periglacial environments

Solifluction

Pockets of unfrozen ground which occur even in areas of continueous permafrost

Taliks

The most important factor in determining how long it takes for water from a rainfall event to reach a stream channel is the size of the drainage basin:

True

Which of the following processes best describes exfoliation

Unloading

Name for the most recent glaciation in north america?

Wisconian 18k years ago

The boundary between slopes that contribute water to different drainage basins is a

a. Drainage divide

Rivers in a dry region that derive their flow from a different region upstream where a moisture surplus exists are

a. exotic rivers

The impact of urbanization on stream flow is to

a. reduce the lag time and increase discharge levels

During the wisconian glaciation ice caps and ice sheets were found on all continents except

africa

Glaciers located in the mountains that occupy former river valleys are

alpine glacieers

A layer of rock that contains abundant water is a(an)

aquifer

Which of the following landforms is produced through erosion by alpine glaciers?

arete

Sharp, often jagged ridges that rise bove ice containing troughts and that seperated adjacent glaciers or glacial valleys are called

aretes

Karst landscapes are created by

carbonic acid action

Which of the following statements concerning lakes is incorrect?

d. Lakes are generally long-lived phenomena on the geologic time scale

Which of the following is not true of stream discharge?

d. Water flows faster through wider and deeper parts of the stream channel

Thermokarst is characterized by which of the following features

depressions

The difference between the cone tip and the original water table after water has been drawn from a well is known as the:

drawdown

_____ are smoothly rounded oval hills that occur in swarms behind the terminal moraine

drumlins

A mass of saturated soil, regolith or weak shale moving down a steep slope over a period of a few hours is an

earthflow

The process of soil creep is created by

earthquakes, animals, wetting and drying

The accumulation of excess nutrients that stimulate freshwater plant growth may lead to which of the following processes?

eutrophication

A bed of clay and shale would be an effective aquifer.

false

A rock knob is shaped by moving ice, such that the lee side is eroded by glacial abrasion to create a smooth surface.

false

Accumulations of sediment deposited by streams waves wind etc are called residual regolith

false

An iceberg is formed by the direct freezing of ocean water.

false

Artesian wells derive water from an open perched water table.

false

Continous permafrost and sporadic permafrost occur at the highest latitudes of periflacial regions

false

Landslides are triggered by heavy rains rather than earthquakes or sudden rock failures.

false

Scientists have proven that the Ice Age was caused by a decrease in the sun's energy output over the past several million years.

false

Solifluction results in the slow gradual bending of layered rock strata such as shales or slates

false

The astronomical hypothesis proposed by Milankovitch suggests that cycles in axial rotation and solar revolution has a period of around 20,000 years.

false

The effects of glaciation on agriculture are largely negative.

false

The type of chemical weathering that can be very damaging to urban areas is oxydation

false

a lake is considered a landform

false

ice sheets during the last glacial maximum in North America, extended as far south as florida and texas

false

igneous and metamorphic rocks are particularly resistenat to hydrolysis and oxidation

false

in moist climates the water level of lakes does not reflect the level of the water table

false

stone polygons commonly form in silty alluvioum associated with river flood plains and delta plain in eriglacial regions

false

stratified drift consists of sorted and stratiified clays and angular pebbles and large boudlers

false

the mississippi flood of 1993 was unsuual because it occured in spring

false

The grandular compacted old snow that forms glacial ice is properly referred to as

firn

Name two chemical weathering processes in which the chemical structure of the minerals are changed into new minerals

hydrolysis and oxidation

A landform in silty alluvial deposits in periglacial environments is an

ice wedge polygon

What kind of mass movement is not associated with water typically

landslide

Caverns, travertine deposits and sinkholes form in landscapes dominated by ____________ rock.

limestone

the most recent episode of glacial advance was

none of the above

The land bordering a stream channel that is flooded by stream waters about once a year is a

none of the above (flood plain)

Which proccesses could result in an induced earthflow

piling of waste soil and rock in unstable accumulation

An upward-pointing rod-shaped structure in a limestone caves is referred to as a:

stalagmite g-ground

What is found under lakes or rivers?

taliks

What is the name given to lakes that form in hollows left behind by prior alpine glaciers

tarn

The ____ is made up of glacial till that accumulates at the furthest extent of the ice edge

terminal moraine

Which of the following statements is not true about lakes:

they are long lived

an unsorted mixture of rock fragments ranging in size from vlay to boulders is called

till

The most rapid flow in a glacier is

top middle

Minerals eroded by acid action in karst regions and then deposited on the walls of caves are known as:

travertine

A physical weathering process strongly associated with arid environments is salt growth

true

Alpine permafrost is restricted to elevations at which the mean annual temperatures is below freezing

true

At high elevations, orographic precipitation encourages the growth of glacial ice.

true

Drainage basin size is the most important factor in the delay in discharge response to heavy rain.

true

Ground subsidence in periglacial environments caused by melting perma frost is called thermokarst

true

Groundwater contributes water to streams through base flow:

true

Human activity can induce landslides, mudflows and earth flows

true

Mass wasting in which water saturated soil and regolith slowly flows downhill is reffered to as an earthflow

true

Most areas of urban landscapes are not permeable and therefore nearby streamflow is impacted

true

Overland flow occurs when soil receives prolonged rain or rapid snowmelt.

true

Pack ice is a form of sea ice that forms from the freezing of seawater and completely covers the sea surface.

true

Pollutants from a land-fill disposal site may eventually pollute nearby streams.

true

Polluted urban air may be more acidic leading to more rapid chemical weathering

true

The Aral Sea is rapidly shrinking due to the diversion of water from rivers entering the sea to irrigation.

true

The cone of depression results from water being withdrawn from a well:

true

The uppermost layer of a glacier is brittle, but beneath the ice behabes as a plastic substances and moves by slow flowage.

true

When a glacier surges it can travel down valley at speeds of 60 meters per day for several months.

true

lobes of ice flowing from the laurentide ice sheet spread around an area in wisconisn known as the driftless area.

true

salt crystalization involeves the deposition and growth of salt calcite, or gypsum which can break rocks apart grain by grain

true

streams of meltwater from the terminus of a glacier build glacial deltas that eventually become flat topped land forms known as kames.

true

Where is chemical weathering most effective

warm, moist environments

The uppermost zone of groundwater saturation is the

water table