Geo 200 Exam 4 Multiple Choice

At its maximum extent, ice covered almost ________ of the Earth's land surface.

1/3

In the system of stream orders, the smallest unit in the network is the

1st order

The approximate maximum thickness of contemporary glacial ice is ________ meters.

4,000

Antarctica's ice sheet encompasses about ________ percent of the world's total land ice.

85

The Earth has been deglaciating for the last ________ years.

9,000

From the texts description it is clear that sinkholes conflict with urban land uses in

Florida

The best example of the remnant of a Pleistocene lake in the United States is ________.

Great Salt Lake

__ is the term for solution topography in areas of limestone bedrock

Karst

________ is a term which refers to solution landscapes and literally means "barren land"?

Karst

________ is the Spanish world for "table" and is applied to flat topped landforms in the American West.

Mesa

________ is granular snow which is beginning to coalesce into glacial ice.

Neve

Africa's best example of an exotic river is the ________.

Nile

A typical drainage pattern on conic volcanic mountains would be

Radial

At its maximum extent, continental glacial ice in North America extended as far south as ________.

The Ohio River

Rivers downcutting into a land surface, in the absence of other forces, usually tend to erode a ___ shaped form

V

One would find the piedmont angle at ________.

a change in slope at a mountain base

Which of the following glacial landforms is composed of bedrock?

a nunatak

the final result of the classical theory of the gemoorphic cycle concept is

a peneplain

When a stalacite meets a stalagmite the result is

a pillar

Which of the following enhances the rate of solution of bedrock

a profusion of joints and bedding planes

Which of the following is an example of speleothem

a stalactite

The glacial scouring by bedrock embedded in ice is erosion by ________.

abrasion

The wind-caused etching or pitting of rock surfaces is termed ________.

abrasion

when hot water is ejected from a geyser, that flow is called

an eruption

A common characteristic of all the basins of interior drainage in the United States is that they________.

are all in the western United states

In arid lands, intricately rifled and barren terrain is called ________.

badlands

Alluvial fans which have expanded and joined over time form a landscape feature known as a(n) ________.

bajada

The main dune form in most deserts is crescent shaped and is migrating across a non-sand surface; it is called a(n) ________.

barchan

In the original language, "karst" means "____________".

barren land

The movement of a glacier along its bottom, lubricated by meltwater, is known as ________.

basal slip

An imaginary surface extending beneath the continents which limits how deep streams may cut

base level

The elevation limit of a stream downcutting on a land mass is called

base level

One of the primary special characteristics of deserts is their ________.

basins of internal drainage

In rock, ___ is an end product of common solution reactions

bicarbonate

A shallow depression from which an abundance of fine material has been deflated is known as a deflation hollow or ________.

blowout

Marking the outer edge of floodplains are landforms called____________.

bluffs

The production of travertine first requires that ___ dissolves in hot water and makes an acid and dissolves great quantities of limestone

carbon dioxide

Underground water is a weak ____________ acid.

carbonic

A collapse doline is the remains of a ________.

cavern

The movement of a glacier is normally measured in ________ per day.

centimeters

The primary way in which underground water shapes topography is through

chemical action

The primary way in which underground water shapes topography is through ________.

chemical action

The shape of a(n) ________ can be likened to an amphitheater.

cirque

In arid lands, the flow of exotic rivers ________ with increasing distance towards the mouth.

decreases

The process of shifting loose particles by blowing them into the air or rolling them on the ground is called ________.

deflation

This drainage pattern looks like the veins on the underside of the leaf

dendritic

Great vertical escarpments are associated with ________ of sedimentary strata in desert climates.

differential erosion

Variations in rock type and structure affect the slope and shape of landforms. These landforms are produced by ________.

differential erosion

The total volume in streams is termed

discharge

A stream's ____________ is chemically altered and transported?

dissolved load

Branching channels that cross a delta are known as

distributaries

One of the common surface features of karst landscapes are sinkholes also known as

dolines

The brilliant colors around hot springs and geysers is

due to algae

When a meandering stream is incised into a gradually rising crust or bedrock the result is an

entrenched meander

In arid climates, most small streams are ____________.

ephemeral

A desert consisting of a large area of sand dunes is termed a(n) ________.

erg

A huge boulder resting on a completely different type of bedrock in glacial zones is a(n) ________.

erratic

Long sinuous ridges of stratified drift are termed ________.

eskers

Rivers like the Nile or Colorado which rise in moist regions and then flow through arid landscapes are called ________ streams.

exotic

The most prominent of all depositional landscapes is the

floodplain

A hot spring that steam is expelled from is known as a

fumarole

The geographic cycle is now known by the term ____________.

geomorphic cycle

The main sediment type carried by streams in glacial regions is ________.

glacial flour

Which type of erosion involves the most sediment per square meter in the places where it occurs?

gulley erosion

Like limestone, __ is highly susceptible to subsurface erosion

gypsum

In hydrothermal situations, superheating of water is possible because of the presence of ________.

high pressure

A(n) ________ is created by a group of cirques eroding into a mountain peak.

horn

A nunatak is a rocky pinnacle poking through a(n) ________.

ice field

The land separating adjoining valleys is known as an

interfluve

Streams which flow for only part of the year are

intermittent

The eruptions of Yellowstone's geysers as well as most of the others on Earth can be characterized as ____________.

irregular

Caves are found in most parts of the world where these are thick ___ deposits under the surface

limestone

A fine-grained wind-deposited surface material with extensive deposits in the mid-latitudes is ________.

loess

Just beneath the surface of Yellowstone National park is a large

magma chamber

A flat alluvium-floored valley fairly steep walls and a stream beginning to meander would be in ___ stage of the erosion cycle

mature

Where several valley glaciers have joined together, one result is ________.

medial moraines

A dark band of rock debris down the middle of a glacier from the union of two adjacent glaciers is a(n) ________.

medial morraine

All major geyser basins are similar in that they are covered with

mineral deposits

A gently inclined bedrock platform is a(n) ________.

pediment

The zone beyond a glacier's limit and not directly touched by ice is the ________ zone.

periglacial

In basin and range topography, the lowest areas are frequently occupied by a(n) ________.

playa

In general, large boulders will not be found on ________.

playas

The most significant erosive work of glaciers is accomplished by ________.

plucking

A ________ is a desert which is covered with coarse gravel, pebbles, and boulders and from which all sand and dust have been removed.

reg

The Arabic word for "stone" describes a desert surface covered with coarse gravel, pebbles, and/or boulders. This word is ________.

reg

The existence of a stream terrace is sure evidence of ________.

rejuvenation

In terms of erosions, a gully is a larger example of a feature called

rill

A "bird's foot" pattern is indicative of a ____________.

river delta

An oxbow lake was formerly a ____________.

river meander

Hills rounded and sheared off by glacial erosion are called ________.

roche moutonnees

Dry lake beds with especially heavy salt concentrations are ________.

salinas

The process in which small particles are moved along by streamflow or wind in a series of jumps and bounces

saltation

Geyser deposits tend to form

sheets of precipitated matter

Geyser deposits tend to form ____________.

sheets of precipitated matter

In Alaska, glaciers are ________.

shrinking significantly

In karst landscapes of slight relief, ___ is the most common features

sinkholes

The steeper leeward side of a sand dune is called a ________.

slip face

The direct collision of raindrop with the ground, laterally shifting fine particles a few milimeters

splash erosion

Deposition of dissolved minerals in caverns leaves deposits such as the icicle-like

stalacities

Glaciers often polish rock to form grooves and smaller, similar features called ________.

striations

The greatest amount of material transported by a stream is carried in its

suspended load

A prime example of the application of equilibrium theory can be seen in any hilly area where

tectonic uplift and fluvial erosion are simultaneous

Equilibrium theory has serious shortcoming in deserts and areas which are ____________.

tectonically stable

The maximum extent of a glacier is marked by a ________.

terminal moraine

The rapid appearance of new sinkholes in Florida can be explained by

the lowering of the water table

In a "true sandstorm," ________.

the moving sand rarely reaches head level

Unsorted debris from ice sheets, after deposition, is known as ________.

till

The wind rolling pebbles across the desert surface is an example of ________.

traction

The ________ physically separates East Antarctica from West Antarctica.

transantarctic mountains

The largest sinkholes are in ________ regions.

tropical

The Arabic word for a dry desert stream bed is ________.

wadi

The single most important agent of landscape formation in deserts is ________.

water

Mountain streams running from a tributary valley to a main valley that has been glaciated frequently create ________.

waterfalls

Surface indicators of turbulence in stream flows include eddies and

whirlpools

A steep walled defile with a V-shaped profile and narrow valley floor would, according to the geomorphic cycle would be in the ___ stage

youthful