GEO 7 Final
Which structural model belongs to graphite, and which one belongs to diamond?
#1 is graphite and #2 diamond
The EPA recommends the following dose for dietary exposure to cadmium:
.001mg/kg/day
The EPA permissible level of cadmium in drinking water is:
.005 mg/kg/day
What is the concentration of the abundance of cadmium in the earth's continental crust?
0.1 - 0.5 ppm
Hardness is a property that helps identify minerals. Scientists use a scale of 1-10 to show the hardness of a mineral. What number and mineral would be given to the hardest?
10- diamond
Earth is the largest planet of the terrestrial group. The Earth's diameter is about:
12,700 km
What year was the famous eruption of the Mount Pinatubo, Philippines?
1991
Medical geology was established by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) in:
1995
How much fresh water is available on the Earth?
2.5%
Continental crust has average thickness
40 km
The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens killed how many people in Washington state?
57
The temperature inside of the Earth's outer and inner core is about:
800- 9000 oC
What caused Itai-Itai disease?
A long term consumption of rice and fish grown in vicinity of the river into which the Cd-wastewater was discharged from a mining-smelter operation
Asbestos-related diseases have:
About a fifteen to thirty year period
Adverse environmental impacts of coal mining do not include:
Acid mine drainage
Who is the scientist credited with developing the theory of continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
A non-occupational exposure to cadmium occurs through:
All of the above
Cadmium exposure in the workplace occurs during:
All of the above
Earthquakes and volcanoes share which of the following in common?
All of the above
Medical geology is a discipline that studies:
All of the above
Negative effects of coal on human health and the environment include:
All of the above
Volcanic eruptions can affect climate in the following way(s):
All of the above
Western medicine does not accept many Traditional Chinese Medicine drugs and Ayurvedic Medicine drugs because:
All of the above
What causes tectonic plates to move?
All of the above
What industries are more vulnerable to asbestos exposure
Asbestos mining and production
Asbestos usually enters the body through the skin
Asbestos usually enters the body through the skin
Minerals have different properties that help scientists identify them. Which is not a property used to identify minerals?
Atomic structure
The theory of plate tectonics:
B and c
How can graphite and diamond be so different if they are both composed of pure carbon? Because diamond is pure carbon, whereas graphite has a lot of impurities
Because graphite and diamond have different structural arrangements of their carbon atoms
The Ring of Fire touches nearly all continents except for:
Both b AND C
Consumption of traditional medicine mineral drugs may be dangerous because:
Both of the above
What does the Kimberly Process Certificate confirm?
Both of the above.
Which of the listed below category caused the Ozone Hole?
CFCs compounds
Which country in the World leads in phosphate mining and raw phosphate materials production?
China
What is the hottest layer in the Earth?
Core
Which best describes how coal forms?
Dead plant material temporarily decays in a swamp environment
Tectonic plates move away from one another at ___________ boundaries.
Divergent
The Mid-Atlantic ridge is an example of
Divergent plate boundary where new oceanic crust is formed
What process is not responsible for the natural accumulation of cadmium in atmosphere and in the environment?
Earthquakes
Asbestos can be thrown away in a regular trash bag
False
The Richter scale magnitude of earthquakes has never gone above 9
False
You can use compressed air to clean off asbestos contamination only when no other personnel are not present
False
Which of the minerals listed below are not usually used for agricultural fertilizers?
Galena - PbS and Rutile - TiO2
What gas emitted from volcanoes is not toxic for people in a high concentration?
H20- vapor
How does airborne particulates matter (PM) affect humans health?
High exposure to airborne PM causes silicosis, pneumoconiosis, and metals poisoning.
The Hawaiian Islands were formed by:
Hot spot volcanism created by a mantle plume
What type of rocks are formed when magma or lava cools and hardens?
Igneous rocks
If you accidentally knock off a chunk of sprayed-on asbestos insulation, you should:
Immediately get dust mask and rubber gloves, sweep into ziplock bag, label it and deliver to recycling center
Where and when was Itai-Itai disease first recorded?
In Toyama Prefecture, Japan, in the 1960s
Asbestos fibers are most hazardous if they are:
Inhaled
Which one of the listed carbon materials is graphene?
It consists of a single layer of carbon atoms that are packed in a honeycomb-like configuration.
Powdered mineral cinnabar can be very toxic because:
It includes mercury.
Which three countries listed below are the top countries in cadmium production?
Japan, S. Korea, China
The physical properties of cadmium metal does not include:
Low electrical conductivity
Three asbestos-related diseases are:
Lung cancer, asbestosis, and mesothelioma
Moderate-to-Strong earthquakes have magnitude in the Richter scale:
M= 3-4
Which country in the World has the largest reserves of the phosphate-rich deposits?
Morocco
Which volcano buried the ancient towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum in Italy?
Mount Vesuvius
Which of the following elements/molecules are NOT a major component of the atmosphere?
Ozone
What is the name of the scale that measures the intensity of earthquakes?
Richter scale
What type of rocks are formed from sediments over a long period of geological time?
Sedimentary rocks
Kashin-beck disease, a weakening of the heart, is a widespread problem in China caused by a deficiency of what element that is found in very low concentrations in rocks from the region:
Selenium
Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with coal production?
The U.S. has few coal reserves and is therefore dependent on the import of coal from politically unstable parts of the world
The major layers of the Earth are: the core, the mantle, the crust, the asthenosphere. Which answer below best describes the asthenosphere?
The layer on Earth on which tectonic plates move
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mineral?
They are liquid crystals
Asbestos minerals, chrysotile and crocidolite, are dangerous for human health because:
They consist of tiny needle-like fibers that, if you inhale them, become stagnated in the lungs for a long time, often causing cancer
Oceanic crust is
Thin and heavy
Asbestos exposure can lead to asbestosis and lung cancer
True
Asbestos is a mineral made up of tiny fibers.
True
Asbestos particles with the following parameters: Length ≥ 5 µm, Diameter < 3 µm are most dangerous for health if you have been exposed
True
Chrysotile asbestos and amphibole asbestos most commonly cause mesothelioma
True
If you work with asbestos and are a smoker, quitting smoking can cut your chances of getting lung cancer
True
Only asbestos abatement workers are at risk of developing diseases associated with asbestos exposure
True
Visible damaged degraded or friable asbestos containing materials in the vicinity are indicators that surface debris or dust could be contaminated with asbestos
True
Marco Polo, a famous Italian merchant who traveled to China in the thirteenth century, described in his diary that his horses were poisoned to death by eating some plant which, as we know now, contained selenium (Se), a toxic element. To what geological process would you attribute that plant enrichment with Se?
Weathering of the Se-rich rocks followed by the formation of Se-rich soil.
Valley Fever is a fungal disease common in the Southwest. Arizona has some of the worst problems in the U.S. with this disease, but do we in California have to worry about this disease? Why?
Yes, there is plenty of dust that carries the fungi (C.I.) responsible for Valley Fever. In addition, there is the added danger of earthquakes loosening sediments and soils creating more dust contaminated with this fungus.
IDD - a "geochemical disease" is caused by:
a lack of the element Iodine in food and water
What is a lahar?
a mixture of pyroclastic debris and water which produces a cement-like slurry
Industrial minerals are:
all naturally occurring rocks and minerals exclusive of metal ores, mineral fuels, and gemstones
Ash falls are deceptively dangerous because:
all of the above
Most earthquakes happen:
all of the above
Which coal has the highest carbon content and a bright luster in appearance?
anthracite
Conflict minerals..
are mined in conditions of armed conflict and human rights abuses and may be used to support civil wars and conflicts between neighboring countries in Africa
Volcanoes are dangerous for a number of reasons. In the historic eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD which of the following volcanic hazards killed the people living in the towns of Pompeii, Italy:
ashes, mixtures of toxic gases and hot volcanic debris, pyroclastic flows
Minerals are called "Native elements" if they are composed of:
atom any single element
Which one of the following belongs to a non-renewable energy source?
coal
Bioleaching is a biotechnological process which...
extract metals from their ores o mineral separates through the use of special type of microbes
The strongest shock waves of an earthquake occur close to what is called the epicenter, a point on the surface of the crust directly above what is called the:
focus
Magma and lava are often confused expressions. The easy way to remember this is magma is found in the ______and lava is found on the ______of the Earth.
inside, outside
Erionite, a zeolite mineral, is hazardous because:
it consists of fibers which are dangerous to human health if they are disturbed and become airborne
This crumbly coal has the lowest carbon content:
lignite
The Ring of Fire refers to the volcanoes that are:
located around the borders of the Pacific Ocean and surrounding continents
Aside from producing electricity, coal is also used in the US for:
making iron and steel
Which is not a primary effect of volcanic hazardous events?
melt solidification inside of the magmatic chamber
Who of three workers packing asbestos in Zhangye, China is in the most dangerous situation in regards to have asbestos-related diseases?
middle man
The two most abundant gases in the atmosphere are:
nitrogen and oxygen
Which of the particles listed below have lifetime to fall more than 200 years?
particles of 0.02 pm size
Which of the following particulate matter (PM) is a concern for people's health when their levels in air are high?
pm 2.5
Today, most of the coal is used to:
produce electricity
Lignite is:
the lowest grade of coal, also called "brown coal"