GEO 7 Final

Which structural model belongs to graphite, and which one belongs to diamond?

#1 is graphite and #2 diamond

The EPA recommends the following dose for dietary exposure to cadmium:

.001mg/kg/day

The EPA permissible level of cadmium in drinking water is:

.005 mg/kg/day

What is the concentration of the abundance of cadmium in the earth's continental crust?

0.1 - 0.5 ppm

Hardness is a property that helps identify minerals. Scientists use a scale of 1-10 to show the hardness of a mineral. What number and mineral would be given to the hardest?

10- diamond

Earth is the largest planet of the terrestrial group. The Earth's diameter is about:

12,700 km

What year was the famous eruption of the Mount Pinatubo, Philippines?

1991

Medical geology was established by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) in:

1995

How much fresh water is available on the Earth?

2.5%

Continental crust has average thickness

40 km

The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens killed how many people in Washington state?

57

The temperature inside of the Earth's outer and inner core is about:

800- 9000 oC

What caused Itai-Itai disease?

A long term consumption of rice and fish grown in vicinity of the river into which the Cd-wastewater was discharged from a mining-smelter operation

Asbestos-related diseases have:

About a fifteen to thirty year period

Adverse environmental impacts of coal mining do not include:

Acid mine drainage

Who is the scientist credited with developing the theory of continental drift?

Alfred Wegener

A non-occupational exposure to cadmium occurs through:

All of the above

Cadmium exposure in the workplace occurs during:

All of the above

Earthquakes and volcanoes share which of the following in common?

All of the above

Medical geology is a discipline that studies:

All of the above

Negative effects of coal on human health and the environment include:

All of the above

Volcanic eruptions can affect climate in the following way(s):

All of the above

Western medicine does not accept many Traditional Chinese Medicine drugs and Ayurvedic Medicine drugs because:

All of the above

What causes tectonic plates to move?

All of the above

What industries are more vulnerable to asbestos exposure

Asbestos mining and production

Asbestos usually enters the body through the skin

Asbestos usually enters the body through the skin

Minerals have different properties that help scientists identify them. Which is not a property used to identify minerals?

Atomic structure

The theory of plate tectonics:

B and c

How can graphite and diamond be so different if they are both composed of pure carbon? Because diamond is pure carbon, whereas graphite has a lot of impurities

Because graphite and diamond have different structural arrangements of their carbon atoms

The Ring of Fire touches nearly all continents except for:

Both b AND C

Consumption of traditional medicine mineral drugs may be dangerous because:

Both of the above

What does the Kimberly Process Certificate confirm?

Both of the above.

Which of the listed below category caused the Ozone Hole?

CFCs compounds

Which country in the World leads in phosphate mining and raw phosphate materials production?

China

What is the hottest layer in the Earth?

Core

Which best describes how coal forms?

Dead plant material temporarily decays in a swamp environment

Tectonic plates move away from one another at ___________ boundaries.

Divergent

The Mid-Atlantic ridge is an example of

Divergent plate boundary where new oceanic crust is formed

What process is not responsible for the natural accumulation of cadmium in atmosphere and in the environment?

Earthquakes

Asbestos can be thrown away in a regular trash bag

False

The Richter scale magnitude of earthquakes has never gone above 9

False

You can use compressed air to clean off asbestos contamination only when no other personnel are not present

False

Which of the minerals listed below are not usually used for agricultural fertilizers?

Galena - PbS and Rutile - TiO2

What gas emitted from volcanoes is not toxic for people in a high concentration?

H20- vapor

How does airborne particulates matter (PM) affect humans health?

High exposure to airborne PM causes silicosis, pneumoconiosis, and metals poisoning.

The Hawaiian Islands were formed by:

Hot spot volcanism created by a mantle plume

What type of rocks are formed when magma or lava cools and hardens?

Igneous rocks

If you accidentally knock off a chunk of sprayed-on asbestos insulation, you should:

Immediately get dust mask and rubber gloves, sweep into ziplock bag, label it and deliver to recycling center

Where and when was Itai-Itai disease first recorded?

In Toyama Prefecture, Japan, in the 1960s

Asbestos fibers are most hazardous if they are:

Inhaled

Which one of the listed carbon materials is graphene?

It consists of a single layer of carbon atoms that are packed in a honeycomb-like configuration.

Powdered mineral cinnabar can be very toxic because:

It includes mercury.

Which three countries listed below are the top countries in cadmium production?

Japan, S. Korea, China

The physical properties of cadmium metal does not include:

Low electrical conductivity

Three asbestos-related diseases are:

Lung cancer, asbestosis, and mesothelioma

Moderate-to-Strong earthquakes have magnitude in the Richter scale:

M= 3-4

Which country in the World has the largest reserves of the phosphate-rich deposits?

Morocco

Which volcano buried the ancient towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum in Italy?

Mount Vesuvius

Which of the following elements/molecules are NOT a major component of the atmosphere?

Ozone

What is the name of the scale that measures the intensity of earthquakes?

Richter scale

What type of rocks are formed from sediments over a long period of geological time?

Sedimentary rocks

Kashin-beck disease, a weakening of the heart, is a widespread problem in China caused by a deficiency of what element that is found in very low concentrations in rocks from the region:

Selenium

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with coal production?

The U.S. has few coal reserves and is therefore dependent on the import of coal from politically unstable parts of the world

The major layers of the Earth are: the core, the mantle, the crust, the asthenosphere. Which answer below best describes the asthenosphere?

The layer on Earth on which tectonic plates move

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mineral?

They are liquid crystals

Asbestos minerals, chrysotile and crocidolite, are dangerous for human health because:

They consist of tiny needle-like fibers that, if you inhale them, become stagnated in the lungs for a long time, often causing cancer

Oceanic crust is

Thin and heavy

Asbestos exposure can lead to asbestosis and lung cancer

True

Asbestos is a mineral made up of tiny fibers.

True

Asbestos particles with the following parameters: Length ≥ 5 µm, Diameter < 3 µm are most dangerous for health if you have been exposed

True

Chrysotile asbestos and amphibole asbestos most commonly cause mesothelioma

True

If you work with asbestos and are a smoker, quitting smoking can cut your chances of getting lung cancer

True

Only asbestos abatement workers are at risk of developing diseases associated with asbestos exposure

True

Visible damaged degraded or friable asbestos containing materials in the vicinity are indicators that surface debris or dust could be contaminated with asbestos

True

Marco Polo, a famous Italian merchant who traveled to China in the thirteenth century, described in his diary that his horses were poisoned to death by eating some plant which, as we know now, contained selenium (Se), a toxic element. To what geological process would you attribute that plant enrichment with Se?

Weathering of the Se-rich rocks followed by the formation of Se-rich soil.

Valley Fever is a fungal disease common in the Southwest. Arizona has some of the worst problems in the U.S. with this disease, but do we in California have to worry about this disease? Why?

Yes, there is plenty of dust that carries the fungi (C.I.) responsible for Valley Fever. In addition, there is the added danger of earthquakes loosening sediments and soils creating more dust contaminated with this fungus.

IDD - a "geochemical disease" is caused by:

a lack of the element Iodine in food and water

What is a lahar?

a mixture of pyroclastic debris and water which produces a cement-like slurry

Industrial minerals are:

all naturally occurring rocks and minerals exclusive of metal ores, mineral fuels, and gemstones

Ash falls are deceptively dangerous because:

all of the above

Most earthquakes happen:

all of the above

Which coal has the highest carbon content and a bright luster in appearance?

anthracite

Conflict minerals..

are mined in conditions of armed conflict and human rights abuses and may be used to support civil wars and conflicts between neighboring countries in Africa

Volcanoes are dangerous for a number of reasons. In the historic eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD which of the following volcanic hazards killed the people living in the towns of Pompeii, Italy:

ashes, mixtures of toxic gases and hot volcanic debris, pyroclastic flows

Minerals are called "Native elements" if they are composed of:

atom any single element

Which one of the following belongs to a non-renewable energy source?

coal

Bioleaching is a biotechnological process which...

extract metals from their ores o mineral separates through the use of special type of microbes

The strongest shock waves of an earthquake occur close to what is called the epicenter, a point on the surface of the crust directly above what is called the:

focus

Magma and lava are often confused expressions. The easy way to remember this is magma is found in the ______and lava is found on the ______of the Earth.

inside, outside

Erionite, a zeolite mineral, is hazardous because:

it consists of fibers which are dangerous to human health if they are disturbed and become airborne

This crumbly coal has the lowest carbon content:

lignite

The Ring of Fire refers to the volcanoes that are:

located around the borders of the Pacific Ocean and surrounding continents

Aside from producing electricity, coal is also used in the US for:

making iron and steel

Which is not a primary effect of volcanic hazardous events?

melt solidification inside of the magmatic chamber

Who of three workers packing asbestos in Zhangye, China is in the most dangerous situation in regards to have asbestos-related diseases?

middle man

The two most abundant gases in the atmosphere are:

nitrogen and oxygen

Which of the particles listed below have lifetime to fall more than 200 years?

particles of 0.02 pm size

Which of the following particulate matter (PM) is a concern for people's health when their levels in air are high?

pm 2.5

Today, most of the coal is used to:

produce electricity

Lignite is:

the lowest grade of coal, also called "brown coal"