geo. chapter 15 test
a land of fire and ice
Icelanders call their island ---------------------------------
Reformation
In the early 1500's, groups in Europe tried to changed some of the Church's practices and started a reform movement known as the __.
Improved ships and navigational devices
In the late 1400's, __ __ & __ __allowed Europeans to push westward across the Atlantic ocean.
technology
In the mid 1900's, heavy industries in Wales had fallen behind in __.
Protestants & Catholics
Ireland is also divided in religion between _____ & _____.
Celtic English Scottish
Ireland is divided culturally between the descendants of native ____ peoples and the descendants of ____ and ___ immigrants.
Northern Ireland the Republic of Ireland
Ireland is divided politically into 2 parts, _____ & _____
marine west coast
Ireland's moist ___ __ ___ climate keeps vegetation a brilliant green for most of the year.
Euro
The United Kingdom has been reluctant to adopt the ____, the common currency system of the European Union.
southern uplands
Closest to the English border, the ___ ___ is primarily a sheep raising region.
fishing
----- is also an important economic activity for the Nordic nations.
Norway
----- is one of the most mountainous nations of Europe.
Denmark
------ is so flat that its highest point is less that 600 ft.
geothermal
------- energy accounts for a large share of the power used for heat and electricity in Iceland.
wales
--------- has its own capital city postage stamps flag and language
Denmark
-----uses 60% of its land for farming, and in recent years produced more that three times the amount of food needed to feed its people.
glen
A ___ is a narrow valley in Scotland.
blight
A ____ or plant disease destroyed the potato crop year after year.
midlands
England's highest population densities are in the _______.
peat
About one sixth of the Ireland is covered by _____, a spongy material containing waterlogged mosses and plants.
mixed regulalation
All five of the Nordic nations are democracies, and their economic systems are --- ------, or systems combining different degrees of government regulation.
Emerald Isle
Because its vegetation is a brilliant green for most of the year, Ireland is nicknamed the ______ ____.
firths
Both coasts of Scotland are etched deeply by the sea with inlets that are called _____.
workshop of the world
Britain became known as the _____ __ __ ______.
oil & gas
Britain has turned to __ & deposits beneath the floor if the North Sea as a source of fuel.
ore
Britain possesses large reserves of iron ___, or rocky material containing a valuable mineral.
water coal
British manufacturers first used ___ power to run spinning machines, but later switched to ___ as a source of power for the steam engines.
cultural divergence
Conflict between Irish Protestants and Catholics led to _____, or deliberate efforts to keep the cultures separate.
Northern Ireland United Kingdom
England, Scotland, and Wales, together with ___ __ form the __ __.
Vikings
From around 800 to 1050 A.D., ------ sailed out of the fjords and inlets of southern Norden to raid much of Western Europe.
London is located on the Thames River Ships can sail right up to the ports of London because of the estuary
Give two advantages that London had over Dover and other southern coastal cities.
trade
Great Britain's strategic central location on the Atlantic was ideal for ____.
marine west coast
Half of Iceland, all of Denmark, the west coast of Norway, and southern Sweden have a mild ---- ------- climate.
Iceland
In ----- volcanoes and glaciers exist side by side.
20
In mid-summer in Norden, the sun may shine for more than -- hours.
Pennine
Major coal fields lay along the edges of the ____ mountain range.
Presbyterian Church of England
Many Scots remained members of the ____ Church, rather than joining the ___ __ _____.
Protestants
Many of the church reformers called ______ broke with the Roman Catholic Church and formed new Christian churches.
Protestants Catholics
Most English people became _____. The Irish for the most part remained ______.
Lutheran
Most Nordic people belong to the ------- Church, first established during the reformation.
Catholics Protestants
Most ____ support the reunification of Ireland, whereas most ____ oppose it.
75
Nearly __% of Scotland's people live in the central lowlands.
Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Iceland
Norden includes the five independent nations of ---------------------------
winters summers
Norden's location to the far north results in long ----- and short ----.
language
One of the keys to preserving Welsh culture is ______.
Act of Union
Scottish and English parliaments were united through the _____in 1707 with Scotland keeping important trading and political rights.
estuary
Since the Thames Valley was formed, the level of the Atlantic Ocean has risen. The result is an _____, a flooded valley at the mouth of a river.
fertile
Soil that is ____ is able to produce abundant crops.
Highlands, Midlands, and lowlands
The English landscape is actually made up of three very different areas. They are _______.
Gaelic
The Normans after conquering England and parts of Ireland banned the use of the Celtic language known as ____, and even outlawed Celtic harp music.
fishing & sheep herding
The Highlands of Scotland are well suited to the regions economies of _____ & _____.
geothermal energy
The Icelanders have learned to take advantage of the islands geology to produce---- -----, or energy produced from the heat of the earths interior.
push-and-pull
The Irish Potato Famine brought ______ migration factors into play. Pushed from the island by famine and pulled by the lure of jobs, most immigrated to the United States.
neutral
The Nordic nations are politically ----- in foreign affairs.
free enterprise socialism
The Nordic nations practice a mixture of --- ----- and -------.
Potato Famine
The ___ ___ hit Ireland in the 1840's.
port of London
The ____ __ _____ grew rapidly in the 1500's because of changes in the patterns of world settlement and trade.
Industrial Revolution
The ____ brought wealth to Britain, but the factories and mines also changed the English landscape.
lowlands
The ______ provide England with some of it's most productive farms.
Highlands
The ________ are a band of hills running the length of England's West Coast.
cultural
The climate and location bind the Nordic nations into a region, but they also have strong --------- ties.
marine west coast
The cool moist weather of England's ___ ___ ___ climate is perfect for raising sheep and dairy and beef cattle.
lochs
The highland region is a large plateau with many lakes called ___, which were carved by retreating glaciers.
England, Scotland, and Wales
The island of Great Britain comprises three formally independent countries. They are_______.
bowl
The island of Ireland is shaped like a huge _____.
Great Britain
The largest island in the British Isles and in all of Europe is___?
Norden Northlands
The people of northern Europe call their land ---- from and ancient word meaning --------------.
bogs
The moors of Scotland are dotted with ____, areas of wet spongy ground.
Republic of Ireland
The part of Ireland that remained under British supervision declared its total independence in 1949 and became the ____ __ ____.
oil and gas high-grade ores vast expanse of forest
The region also profits from ---&---, ---- --- ---, & --- ---- ---- ----.
United Kingdom
The six northeastern countries remained part of the ___ ____ but the rest of Ireland became a free state under British supervision.
midnight sun
The start of summer is a public holiday in most Nordic nations, when people celebrate the return of the -------- -----.
North Atlantic Drift
The warm currents of the ---- ----- ---- moderate the weather of Norden and keep the coast free of ice.
midlands
Thick veins of coal that fueled the country's industrial revolution lie in the _____ region.
London
Trade with England and with other European nations fostered the growth of cities along rivers and the most important of these was _____.
tertiary economic activities
To offset the loss of heavy industry, the government has encouraged the growth of ___ ___ ___ or service industries, such as finance, insurance, and tourism.
The government invested in education and modern telecommunications. It offered tax incentives that persuaded foreign high-tech companies to locate administrative offices to Ireland.
What were the two bold economic initiatives the Republic of Ireland took in the 1990's?
fjords
When the glaciers melted, water filled the valleys, creating flooded glacier valleys called -------.
aurora borealis
Winter is when the greenish white and red lights of the ----- or the northern lights, shine most brightly in the Nordic nations.
Finnish
With the exception of ------- Nordic languages have common roots.
resources
Within its small area, Britain, the island nation had the ____ to fuel the start of the industrial revolution.
Wales
____ enjoys a marine west coast climate and usually receives more rain than southern England.
Wales
____ is really a peninsula of the island of Great Britain.
England 80
____ is the most densely populated area in the British Isles. Nearly __% of the regions population lives here.
Hills plain
____ ring most of the coastline, while the middle of the island is a ____ that drains into the River Shannon.
culture
although politically united with England Scotland has retained its own ------------
high-tech
in the 1900's,the situation improved as foreign investments in Wales as in Scotland, provided new jobs in the _____ industries.
mining, steel making, and shipbuilding
new industries are slowly taking place of ------, ------ ------, and --------
moors
much of the highlands of Scotland are covered with ------- broad treeless rolling plains
silicon glen
some people call the Clyde valley the ----------- ---------- after the area in California known as silicon valley
England and Scotland
the economic history of Wales is similar to that of ----------- and --------
Massachusetts and Scotland
wales is about the size of ----------- and has a landscape similar to that of -------
