GEOG 1010 Exam 2 Worms
chain migration
one family member at a time is brought to new country
France Environment
only country to depend on nuclear energy for over half of their energy needs
Devil's Island
penal colony where <10% survived their sentence
Russian Domain
persisting Russian influence within the region
Spain, France, The Netherlands, England
players in colonial geopolitics of the islands
mangrove swamps
poor for human settlement and protects islands from erosion caused by storms
Plantation America
production system ruled by European elite, dependent on African slave labor, produced agricultural exports
Canary Islands
provided the first sugarcane roots that Columbus took to the Dominican Republic
Treaty of Versailles
punished losers (Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire) through territory loss and financial reparations; created and reestablished nation-states for underrepresented people
National Earthquake Information Center
records approx. 20,000 earthquakes each year world-wide
asylum
sanctuary, shelter, place of refuge
permafrost
seasonally frozen unstable ground, limits growth of vegetation
Slovenia and Croatia
seceded and declared independence, despite being attacked by Serbia
Iron Curtain
separated the Communist nations (Soviet Union) of Eastern Europe from the West
buffer zone
soviet unions satellite countries to cushion its heartland from attack
Totalitarianism
state has unlimited power, controls all aspects of public, and private life
Irredentism
state policies for reclaiming lost territory and peoples
Maritime Climate
temperature modified by atlantic gulf stream
Treaty of Rome
the 1957 treaty that established the European Economic Community
Monroe Doctrine
the U.S. would not tolerate European military involvement in the Western Hemisphere
Brain Drain
the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries
African Diaspora
the mass dispersion of peoples from Africa during the Transatlantic Slave Trades
Brain Gain
the potential of return migrants to contribute to the social and economic development of a home country with the experiences they have gained abroad
isolated proximity
theory to explain contradictory position
proximity
to North America ensures transnational connections and economic dependency
initial objectives of Monroe Doctrine
to free from European colonial rule and foster democracy
Cartogram Map
type of map in which the data is distorted and displayed in the form of a diagram to emphasize the prevalence of a variable
Kamchatka Peninsula
volcanic landscapes, relatively untouched
Renaissance-Baroque period
walled cities, wider boulevards, open spaces, ceremonial buildings, industries, factories, trains
taiga
warm enough for coniferous trees, but is threatened by legal and illegal loggers
Protestant Revolt
western christianity fractured into catholicism and protestantism
English Channel
~21 miles wide, separates British Isles from mainland, but is connected via rail, auto, and freight with the Eurotunnel
western highlands
-From Portugal through British Isles to Scandinavian highlands of Norway, Sweden, and Finland -Spectacular coastlines of fjords; Flooded, glacially-carved coastal inlets -Thin soils limit agricultural activity
Perejil (parsley)
By pronouncing _____ 12,000-35,000 Haitians were identified and killed
Yugoslavia
This country was created after WWI, uniting ethnicities that spoke similar Slavic languages. broke in 1990
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
Panama became independent and signed this with the US to build, administer, fortify, and defend the canal
family-friendly policies
Public policies that encourage higher birth rates. maternity and paternity leave, childcare, cash subsidies, free or low-cost education
Cold War
established two political and economic blocks: East (Communism) and West (Democracy)
secularization
exists when people consider themselves to be either non-religious or outright atheistic. noticeable decline in church attendance. movement away from organized religion. happening in europe
transnational
extending or operating across national boundaries
Schengen Agreement
facilitated intra-Europe mobility by abolishing soft border checks
Post-WWII
factories outside walls, planning, suburban sprawl, green spaces, well developed transprtation
caribbean
first region of the americas to be colonized by the Europeans; considered both part of and separate from Latin America
baltic
fishing, deep sea drilling platforms for oil and gas
Turkish Straits
forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia
ring of seas
four major seas and the Atlantic Ocean
renewable energy
hydropower, wind, solar, and biofuels
ethnic religion
identified closely with a specific ethnic group; faiths that usually do not seek new converts (judaism, hinduism)
Fascist Totalitarianism, Communism, Western Democracy
ideologies that promoted solutions to Europe's problems
pull factor
immigration (into)
global warming
increase in world temperatures and change in climate
push factor
induces emigration; politics, economics, quality of life, and environmental issues
Operation Bootstrap
industrialization program that encouraged the establishment of factories and manufacturing
European Coal and Steel Community
international organization to control and integrate all European coal and steel production. Consisted of West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France. Number 1 goal to be so close together economically that war against them impossible. "The six".
Suriname and French Guyana
largest maroon society in western hemisphere; undisturbed in rainforest for 200 years
fossil fuels
leads to increasing GhG; petroleum, coal, and natural gas
circular migration flow
leaves family to work in another country, saves money, returns with money
Rafael Trujillo
led an anti-Haitian campaign in the DR based on a policy of hispanidad
Acidic podzol soils
limit farming in Belarus and Central Russia
deforestation
loss of biodiversity, rain further erodes fertile soil, increasing landslides and flooding, decreasing agricultural yield
capital leakage
money leaving islands
remittances
monies sent from migrants abroad aid social and economic development
Dorian (2019)
most intense tropical cyclone on record to ever strike the Bahamas
transnational migration
move back and forth between two countries
medieval landscape
narrow, winding streets crowded with three or four story buildings, churches
Transnationalism
ability to straddle livelihoods between countries
indentured workers
abolition of slavery results in these being brought in from India
isolation
accounts for cultural diversity and limited economic opportunites
Banana Wars
after complaint that the UK had a trade preferences with its former colonies, including St. Lucia, the World Trade Organization agreed that everyone needed to compete on a level playing field
Parsley Massacre
amid the great depression, sugar prices were low, unemployment was high, and government revenue was in decline
Atlantic Gulf Stream
an ocean current that originates in florida and affects the weather and climate in Europe
Lesser Antilles
arc of small islands with small population and footholds for European powers; subduction zone between the Caribbean and North American plate
hurricanes
are problematic and cause considerable damage every year; 74+ mph winds, 100 miles wide, flooding, mudslides
central uplands
between the Alps and the Northern European Plain/Lowlands
Maroons
communities of runaway slaves who maintained African traditions, farming, houses, community organization, and language
overseas territories
consists of all the French-administered territories outside the European continent, mostly relics of the French colonial empire
Kyoto Protocol
controlling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emissions targets for developed countries; to promote regional action in Europe
Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
created by 11/15 EU member states
seasonality
defined by rainfall rather than temperature
Balkanization
describes the political processes of small-scale independence movements based on ethnicity/religion
climate
determined by 30 years of data from temperature and precipitation
Fascism
dictatorial power, government controls industry, commerce, and forceable suppression of opposition
diaspora
economic flight of people with a common heritage across the globe
lowlands/north european plain
economic focus, high population density, intensive agriculture, below 500ft elevation
Universalizing Religion
Attempts to appeal to all people, regardless of place or culture (christianity, islam, buddhism, mormonism)
Caucasus & Transcaucasia
Between the Black and Caspian Seas. Many areas steep and mountainous Highest elevation over 18,500 feet Prone to earthquakes (but less than Kamchatka)
Ural Mountains
Europe's eastern edge, <1,000 ft, valuable
tropical wet
2.4 inches per month
Haiti
2nd American colony to gain independence
Haiti Earthquake 2010
7.0 magnitude; around 3 million people affected; 70% of the pop. lived below poverty line
tropical savannah
<2.4 inches per month, grassland
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
A 1949 defense alliance initiated by the US, Canada, and 10 Western European nations
chernozem soil
A Russian term for dark, fertile soil, often associated with grassland settings in southern Russia and Ukraine.
monocrop
A single commodity, such as sugar
Strait of Gibraltar
A strait that separates Spain from the continent of Africa. Entrance to Mediterranean
Candomblé
African religious ideas and practices in Brazil, particularly among the Yoruba people.
Warsaw Pact
An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO
Greater Antilles
Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico; 90% of landmass and 87% of the Caribbeans population
Guyana
Dutch set up trading posts and imported African slaves to work on its sugar plantations; changes hands between the Dutch, French, and British
wind power
Fastest growing energy source in the world
greenhouse gases
Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and others that absorb infrared radiation (heat)
safety and disposal issues
Germany and England are shutting down their power plants for:
tropical jewel
Haiti
Voodoo
Haitian version of traditional African religious beliefs that are blended with elements of Christianity.
Five of the highest peaks in the region are on _______.
Hispaniola; Pico Duarte, Blue Mountains, Pico Turquino
Jewish Pale
Jews invited to Eastern Poland, Belarus, western Ukraine to establish a homeland
Indo-European language family
Language family including the Germanic and Romance languages that is spoken by 50% of the world's people
Cuba
Most islands, except for ____ are located on the Caribbean plate
Paris Agreement
Most recent global agreement on climate change was result of COP 21 in Paris
East-West Schism
The split between the Eastern and Western Churches in 1054
Papiamento
Portuguese and Dutch trading language spoken on Aruba, Bonaire, and Curacao
Alpine Mountains
Pyrenees, Alps, Apennines, Carpathians, Ural
Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)
Regional industrialization plan and the creation of the Caribbean Development Bank to assist the poorer status
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Serbs attacked ____ and ethnically cleansed Muslims and Croats, eventually gained independence after referendum
Neocolonialism
economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence
Creolization
The blending of African, European, and some Amerindian cultural elements into the unique sociocultural systems found in the Caribbean. Result of Transculturation
French Creole
The mixture of continental French and African dialectal sounds that is spoken in Haiti
Brexit
The possible British Exit from the European Union
tundra
a vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and North America in which the subsoil is permanently frozen.
hurricanes
_____ develop from thunderstorms, fueled by warm, moist air as they cross sub-tropical waters. Warm air rise into the storm.
Santeria
a Cuban religion based on African traditional beliefs
carbon trading/cap and trade
a cap is set for emitters, if cap is exceeded, they must buy credit
enclaves
a culturally or ethnically distinct neighborhood
European Union
a political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe
Obeah
a religious belief of African origin involving witchcraft and sorcery; Jamaica
crusades
a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period
Eurozone
a subregion with a common currency; formed from the EMU
exclave
a territory associated with a main territory, but is not physically adjacent
enclave
a territory or group surrounded by a foreign territory