GEOG 1010 Exam 2 Worms

chain migration

one family member at a time is brought to new country

France Environment

only country to depend on nuclear energy for over half of their energy needs

Devil's Island

penal colony where <10% survived their sentence

Russian Domain

persisting Russian influence within the region

Spain, France, The Netherlands, England

players in colonial geopolitics of the islands

mangrove swamps

poor for human settlement and protects islands from erosion caused by storms

Plantation America

production system ruled by European elite, dependent on African slave labor, produced agricultural exports

Canary Islands

provided the first sugarcane roots that Columbus took to the Dominican Republic

Treaty of Versailles

punished losers (Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire) through territory loss and financial reparations; created and reestablished nation-states for underrepresented people

National Earthquake Information Center

records approx. 20,000 earthquakes each year world-wide

asylum

sanctuary, shelter, place of refuge

permafrost

seasonally frozen unstable ground, limits growth of vegetation

Slovenia and Croatia

seceded and declared independence, despite being attacked by Serbia

Iron Curtain

separated the Communist nations (Soviet Union) of Eastern Europe from the West

buffer zone

soviet unions satellite countries to cushion its heartland from attack

Totalitarianism

state has unlimited power, controls all aspects of public, and private life

Irredentism

state policies for reclaiming lost territory and peoples

Maritime Climate

temperature modified by atlantic gulf stream

Treaty of Rome

the 1957 treaty that established the European Economic Community

Monroe Doctrine

the U.S. would not tolerate European military involvement in the Western Hemisphere

Brain Drain

the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries

African Diaspora

the mass dispersion of peoples from Africa during the Transatlantic Slave Trades

Brain Gain

the potential of return migrants to contribute to the social and economic development of a home country with the experiences they have gained abroad

isolated proximity

theory to explain contradictory position

proximity

to North America ensures transnational connections and economic dependency

initial objectives of Monroe Doctrine

to free from European colonial rule and foster democracy

Cartogram Map

type of map in which the data is distorted and displayed in the form of a diagram to emphasize the prevalence of a variable

Kamchatka Peninsula

volcanic landscapes, relatively untouched

Renaissance-Baroque period

walled cities, wider boulevards, open spaces, ceremonial buildings, industries, factories, trains

taiga

warm enough for coniferous trees, but is threatened by legal and illegal loggers

Protestant Revolt

western christianity fractured into catholicism and protestantism

English Channel

~21 miles wide, separates British Isles from mainland, but is connected via rail, auto, and freight with the Eurotunnel

western highlands

-From Portugal through British Isles to Scandinavian highlands of Norway, Sweden, and Finland -Spectacular coastlines of fjords; Flooded, glacially-carved coastal inlets -Thin soils limit agricultural activity

Perejil (parsley)

By pronouncing _____ 12,000-35,000 Haitians were identified and killed

Yugoslavia

This country was created after WWI, uniting ethnicities that spoke similar Slavic languages. broke in 1990

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

Panama became independent and signed this with the US to build, administer, fortify, and defend the canal

family-friendly policies

Public policies that encourage higher birth rates. maternity and paternity leave, childcare, cash subsidies, free or low-cost education

Cold War

established two political and economic blocks: East (Communism) and West (Democracy)

secularization

exists when people consider themselves to be either non-religious or outright atheistic. noticeable decline in church attendance. movement away from organized religion. happening in europe

transnational

extending or operating across national boundaries

Schengen Agreement

facilitated intra-Europe mobility by abolishing soft border checks

Post-WWII

factories outside walls, planning, suburban sprawl, green spaces, well developed transprtation

caribbean

first region of the americas to be colonized by the Europeans; considered both part of and separate from Latin America

baltic

fishing, deep sea drilling platforms for oil and gas

Turkish Straits

forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia

ring of seas

four major seas and the Atlantic Ocean

renewable energy

hydropower, wind, solar, and biofuels

ethnic religion

identified closely with a specific ethnic group; faiths that usually do not seek new converts (judaism, hinduism)

Fascist Totalitarianism, Communism, Western Democracy

ideologies that promoted solutions to Europe's problems

pull factor

immigration (into)

global warming

increase in world temperatures and change in climate

push factor

induces emigration; politics, economics, quality of life, and environmental issues

Operation Bootstrap

industrialization program that encouraged the establishment of factories and manufacturing

European Coal and Steel Community

international organization to control and integrate all European coal and steel production. Consisted of West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France. Number 1 goal to be so close together economically that war against them impossible. "The six".

Suriname and French Guyana

largest maroon society in western hemisphere; undisturbed in rainforest for 200 years

fossil fuels

leads to increasing GhG; petroleum, coal, and natural gas

circular migration flow

leaves family to work in another country, saves money, returns with money

Rafael Trujillo

led an anti-Haitian campaign in the DR based on a policy of hispanidad

Acidic podzol soils

limit farming in Belarus and Central Russia

deforestation

loss of biodiversity, rain further erodes fertile soil, increasing landslides and flooding, decreasing agricultural yield

capital leakage

money leaving islands

remittances

monies sent from migrants abroad aid social and economic development

Dorian (2019)

most intense tropical cyclone on record to ever strike the Bahamas

transnational migration

move back and forth between two countries

medieval landscape

narrow, winding streets crowded with three or four story buildings, churches

Transnationalism

ability to straddle livelihoods between countries

indentured workers

abolition of slavery results in these being brought in from India

isolation

accounts for cultural diversity and limited economic opportunites

Banana Wars

after complaint that the UK had a trade preferences with its former colonies, including St. Lucia, the World Trade Organization agreed that everyone needed to compete on a level playing field

Parsley Massacre

amid the great depression, sugar prices were low, unemployment was high, and government revenue was in decline

Atlantic Gulf Stream

an ocean current that originates in florida and affects the weather and climate in Europe

Lesser Antilles

arc of small islands with small population and footholds for European powers; subduction zone between the Caribbean and North American plate

hurricanes

are problematic and cause considerable damage every year; 74+ mph winds, 100 miles wide, flooding, mudslides

central uplands

between the Alps and the Northern European Plain/Lowlands

Maroons

communities of runaway slaves who maintained African traditions, farming, houses, community organization, and language

overseas territories

consists of all the French-administered territories outside the European continent, mostly relics of the French colonial empire

Kyoto Protocol

controlling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emissions targets for developed countries; to promote regional action in Europe

Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)

created by 11/15 EU member states

seasonality

defined by rainfall rather than temperature

Balkanization

describes the political processes of small-scale independence movements based on ethnicity/religion

climate

determined by 30 years of data from temperature and precipitation

Fascism

dictatorial power, government controls industry, commerce, and forceable suppression of opposition

diaspora

economic flight of people with a common heritage across the globe

lowlands/north european plain

economic focus, high population density, intensive agriculture, below 500ft elevation

Universalizing Religion

Attempts to appeal to all people, regardless of place or culture (christianity, islam, buddhism, mormonism)

Caucasus & Transcaucasia

Between the Black and Caspian Seas. Many areas steep and mountainous Highest elevation over 18,500 feet Prone to earthquakes (but less than Kamchatka)

Ural Mountains

Europe's eastern edge, <1,000 ft, valuable

tropical wet

2.4 inches per month

Haiti

2nd American colony to gain independence

Haiti Earthquake 2010

7.0 magnitude; around 3 million people affected; 70% of the pop. lived below poverty line

tropical savannah

<2.4 inches per month, grassland

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

A 1949 defense alliance initiated by the US, Canada, and 10 Western European nations

chernozem soil

A Russian term for dark, fertile soil, often associated with grassland settings in southern Russia and Ukraine.

monocrop

A single commodity, such as sugar

Strait of Gibraltar

A strait that separates Spain from the continent of Africa. Entrance to Mediterranean

Candomblé

African religious ideas and practices in Brazil, particularly among the Yoruba people.

Warsaw Pact

An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO

Greater Antilles

Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico; 90% of landmass and 87% of the Caribbeans population

Guyana

Dutch set up trading posts and imported African slaves to work on its sugar plantations; changes hands between the Dutch, French, and British

wind power

Fastest growing energy source in the world

greenhouse gases

Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and others that absorb infrared radiation (heat)

safety and disposal issues

Germany and England are shutting down their power plants for:

tropical jewel

Haiti

Voodoo

Haitian version of traditional African religious beliefs that are blended with elements of Christianity.

Five of the highest peaks in the region are on _______.

Hispaniola; Pico Duarte, Blue Mountains, Pico Turquino

Jewish Pale

Jews invited to Eastern Poland, Belarus, western Ukraine to establish a homeland

Indo-European language family

Language family including the Germanic and Romance languages that is spoken by 50% of the world's people

Cuba

Most islands, except for ____ are located on the Caribbean plate

Paris Agreement

Most recent global agreement on climate change was result of COP 21 in Paris

East-West Schism

The split between the Eastern and Western Churches in 1054

Papiamento

Portuguese and Dutch trading language spoken on Aruba, Bonaire, and Curacao

Alpine Mountains

Pyrenees, Alps, Apennines, Carpathians, Ural

Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)

Regional industrialization plan and the creation of the Caribbean Development Bank to assist the poorer status

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Serbs attacked ____ and ethnically cleansed Muslims and Croats, eventually gained independence after referendum

Neocolonialism

economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence

Creolization

The blending of African, European, and some Amerindian cultural elements into the unique sociocultural systems found in the Caribbean. Result of Transculturation

French Creole

The mixture of continental French and African dialectal sounds that is spoken in Haiti

Brexit

The possible British Exit from the European Union

tundra

a vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and North America in which the subsoil is permanently frozen.

hurricanes

_____ develop from thunderstorms, fueled by warm, moist air as they cross sub-tropical waters. Warm air rise into the storm.

Santeria

a Cuban religion based on African traditional beliefs

carbon trading/cap and trade

a cap is set for emitters, if cap is exceeded, they must buy credit

enclaves

a culturally or ethnically distinct neighborhood

European Union

a political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe

Obeah

a religious belief of African origin involving witchcraft and sorcery; Jamaica

crusades

a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period

Eurozone

a subregion with a common currency; formed from the EMU

exclave

a territory associated with a main territory, but is not physically adjacent

enclave

a territory or group surrounded by a foreign territory