geog 102 quiz 7

Exclusive economic zones, such as those shown in green in Figure 7.5 in your textbook, extend up to ______ nautical miles from shore.

200

What is the only landmass that is not part of any state, though some countries have claims to parts of it?

Antarctica

In Europe, the first collaborative trading agreement and important front runner to the EU was _____________.

Benelux

The _______________, held in 1884-1885, began the process of formalizing modern political boundaries in Africa.

Berlin Conference

The Republic of Cyprus gained its independence from _______________ in 1960.

Britain

The government of __________ asserts sovereignty over Taiwan and considers the island to be its 23rd province, but it does not control its political affairs.

China

In 2003, the United States and the United Kingdom sought United Nations (UN) support for the invasion of Iraq to overthrow Saddam Hussein but UN support was not forthcoming because these three members of the Security Council opposed it:

China, France, and Russia

An ethnographic boundary is one that used to exist but is no longer recognized as an official boundary and, therefore, is no longer formally defined or delimited.

False

Which of the following is not a condition by which a state exists?

It is organized according to the unitary system of government.

Which of the following is not one of the five basic shapes of states recognized by geographers, as shown in Figure 7.8?

Oval

What peace settlement included a series of treaties signed at the end of the Thirty Years War, a long religious and territorial conflict in Europe?

Peace of Westphalia

Writing in 1940, the political geographer ______________ drew attention to the importance of centripetal forces and specifically the value of the raison d'etre, or reason for being.

Richard Hartshorne

The Treaty of _______ incorporated the idea that the European Economic Community (EEC) would attract other countries sharing the same economic and political ideals.

Rome

The largest state in the world is _______________, more than one and a half times the size of the United States.

Russia

A major criticism of the heartland theory is that it oversimplifies the complexity of factors that shape global geopolitics

True

A nation state exists when the boundaries of a nation coincide with the boundaries of the state and the people share a sense of political unity,

True

Colonialism is a form of imperialism in which a state takes possession of a foreign territory, occupies it, and governs it.

True

Geopolitics is a branch of political geography that has its roots in the work of Friedrich Ratzel.

True

Halford Mackinder's view was that whoever dominated the heartland would be able to defeat any sea power.

True

Nationalism is the expression of loyalty to and pride in a nation, whereas patriotism is the expression of love for one's state.

True

Perhaps the most famous example of a relic boundary is the Great Wall of China

True

Supreme authority of a state over its own affairs and freedom from control by outside forces is known as sovereignty.

True

Territoriality can be expressed by individuals and by groups.

True

The ______________ was founded in 1945 as a supranational organization charged with promoting peace in the world.

United Nations

The smallest state in the world is:

Vatican City.

Which characteristic below is usually considered a centripetal force?

a raisin d etre

De facto sovereignty means ____________ and De jure sovereignty means ____________ .

actual, legal

Geopolitically, the Cold War created a _____________---that is, a world divided into two opposing groups.

bipolar world

A(n) _________ shape is most likely to be considered an efficient way of organizing territory.

compact

The domino theory was used to justify the American policy of _____________--the effort to limit the spread or influence of a hostile power or ideology.

containment

A loosening of ties between people and place is known as _______________.

deterritorialization

The transfer of power from a state to a self identified community within it is called___________.

devolution

Territory completely surrounded by another state but not controlled by it is an ____________.

enclave

A(n) _______________ boundary may be based on one or more cultural traits like religion, language, or ethnicity.

ethnographic

Territory that is separated from the state to which it belongs by the intervening territory of another state is a(n) _______________.

exclave

Over the past several decades desire for rights to marine resources has led to the development of _____________ for coastal and island states.

exclusive economic zones (EEZs)

At present, France does not have full membership in the UN but maintains permanent observer status because of its expressed desire to remain neutral on certain issues.

false

Colonialism is one state's exercising direct or indirect control over the affairs of another political society.

false

Figure 7.9 shows the flag of Kosovo. This country has a population consisting of an Albanian minority and a Serb majority.

false

For political geographers, the terms state and country mean different things.

false

No political boundaries are human creations and they often make use of physical features.

false

The German term Lebensraum literally means room to grow.

false

The current political boundaries of African state closely follow the ethnographic boundaries of tribes.

false

The raison d'etre is the most significant centrifugal force.

false

With majority-plurality representation multiple representatives can be elected.

false

With proportional representation, the person who receives a majority of the votes is elected and represents all of the voters in an electoral district.

false

A state organized according to the ____________ system distributes some power to its territorial subdivisions so that they have the authority to develop and implement their own laws and policies.

federal

The use of territorially-defined political units, or states, as shown in Figure 7.1, has become the dominant mode of political organization around the world only within the past ________ century or centuries.

four

A(n) ______________ boundary is drawn as a straight line and sometimes follows lines of latitude or longitude.

geometric

The process of manipulating voting district boundaries to give an advantage to a particular political party or group is known as _______________.

gerrymandering

States use _____________ and _______________ as strategies to extend their power over other lands and peoples. Group of answer choices

imperialism and colonialism

The growth of supranational political organizations provides the clearest expression of:

internationalism.

According to the heartland theory, world power was based on __________.

land power

A _________ exists when the boundaries of a nation match the boundaries of the state.

nation-state

In order for recommendations made by the Security Council of the United Nations (UN) to be acted upon, there must be _______ affirmative votes from nonpermanent members and unanimous support from the permanent voters.

nine

A(n) ______________ follows a natural feature like a river or mountain range.

physiographic boundary

Countries that have more than two dominant political parties are most likely to have an electoral system based on__________.

proportional representation

A(n) _________________ boundary is one that used to exist but is no longer recognized as an official boundary and, therefore, is no longer formally defined or delimited.

relic

The Great Wall of China is an example of a(n):

relic boundary.

A specific type of political landscape created to protect the territory, people, facilities, and infrastructure of a state is known as a:

security landscape.

Before and after World War II there was a surge in efforts by the African peoples themselves to attain independence and achieve _______________, the ability to choose their own political status.

self-determination

The practice of using territory as a basis for political organization stems from ideas about ___________ that gained prominence following the Peace of Westphalia.

sovereignty

The fact that some multinational states are simply not able to successfully integrate the nations inside their borders is demonstrated by the 1990s breakdown or devolution of these three multinational states:

the U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia

The Berlin Conference is associated with all of the following except_____________.

the granting of self determination

National parks provide landscape evidence of

the impact of central authority

One of the causes of the euro zone crisis________.

the vulnerabilities in the banking systems of euro zone countries

A supranational organization consists of ______ or more states that agree to work together for a common economic, military, cultural, or political purpose, or a combination of several of these.

three

A centripetal force is an event or circumstance that helps bind together the social and political fibers of a state.

true

Coastal and island states have the sovereign right to manage the resources in the waters and on the ocean floor in that area within their exclusive economic zones.

true

Figure 7.2b shows the current partition of Cyprus which arose after a coup in 1974 led by some Greek Cypriots seeking unification with Greece. Turkey invaded the northern third of the island, creating the Turkish republic of North Cyprus.

true

Most countries in the world are multinational states.

true

The European Union (EU) is the best example of successful supranational economic cooperation and has become a model for other supranational economic organizations to follow.

true

The creation, in 1947, of Benelux, an association made up of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, contributed to the establishment of the European Union.

true

The excess vote technique creates a few electoral districts in which support for the opposition forms a strong majority.

true

The modern state has its roots in the concepts of territoriality and sovereignty, but globalization especially greater human mobility and technological integration ay facilitate deterritorialization.

true

The wasted vote technique disperses support for the opposition so that the opposition loses by a slim margin.

true

In a multinational state the population consists of _____ or more nations.

two

The ____________ system concentrates political power in the central government instead of distributing some of it among its territorial subdivisions.

unitary

The type of gerrymandering that creates voting districts where option loses by a slim margin is called the ___________

wasted vote technique