Geography

Which of the following is normally found at the 5' ed of a DNA strand?

A phosphate group

What compound directly provides energy for cellular work

ATP

Noncyclic photophosphorylation produces

ATP and NADPH

Reactions in which atoms are rearranged within a molecule are catalyzed by

Isomerases

Which of the following statements is TRUE of selective toxicity?

Selective toxicity takes advantage of structural and/or metabolic differences between host and pathogen

Which of the following processes occurs in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes?

Capping

How many ATP molecules can theoretically be produced from the NADH generated by catabolism of a molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?

30

Bacteriochlorophyll a absorbs ________ light.

350 nm, ultraviolet

An apoenzyme requires ________ to be active

A cofactor

What a cell forms an amino acid by adding an amine group derived from ammonia to a precursor metabolite, this process is called

Amination

Chemical reactions that can proceed toward either anabolism or catabolism are called

Amphibolic

Which of the following organisms would be most likely to contaminate a jar of pickles?

An acidophile

Disinfecting agents naturally produced by microorganisms are

Antibiotics

The use of lysozyme during the preparation of cheese and wines is effective in reducing the numbers of

Bacteria

The modified amino acid f-Met is essential for

Bacterial translation

A(n)_____________ is a complex community of various types of microbes that adhere to surfaces

Biofilm

MacConkey agar plates represent _______________ medium

Both a differential and selective

Disinfectants that damage membranes include

Both alcohol and phenolics

Alcohols are used for

Both antisepsis and disinfection

Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) are used for

Both antisepsis and disinfection

Which of the following is/are common to chemiosmosis and the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis ?

Both electron transport and a proton gradient

Boiling water for 10 minutes is effective in ridding it of

Both growing bacteria and enveloped viruses

A capnophile is a microorganism that thrives in conditions of high

Carbon dioxide levels

Hydroplanes are generally involved in______________ reactions

Catabolic

An organism that gains energy from redox reactions involving inorganic and organic chemicals is a(n)

Chemotroph

Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotic genomes but NOT eukaryotic genomes?

Circular chromosomes

Sulfanilamide is an antimicrobial drug that mimics the shape of an important substrate for a particular bacterial enzyme, thereby inhibiting the enzyme. This type of inhibition is known as

Competitive inhibition

In conjugation, F+ cells

Contain an F plasmid

An axe is culture is one which

Contains only a pure culture

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport

Which of the following is associated with the Calvin-Benson cycle?

RuBP

Sterilization

Destruction of ALL microorganisms and viruses in or on an object

Disinfection

Destruction of MOST microorganisms and viruses on non living tissue

Which of the following statements concerning transcription in bacteria is FALSE

Different RNA polymerases are required for synthesis of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA

Blood agar plates are an example of ________ medium.

Differential

Why are endospores used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization?

Endospores are very hard to kill

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during which of the following stage(s) of glucose catabolism?

Energy-conservation stage of glycolysis

Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of stages in glycolysis?

Energy-investment,lysis, energy-conservation

Joan wants to discover a microbe capable of degrading an environmental containment. Which of the following culturing methods would be most effective for isolation of such an organism?

Enrichment culture

Which of the following metabolic pathways is found only in prokaryotes?

Entner-Doudoroff (ED)

Quaternary ammonium compounds are disinfectants effective against?

Enveloped viruses

A chemical agent that kills pathogenic microbes in general is a(n)

Germicide

The horizontal transfer process known as transduction

Involves a virus

Enzymes always function best at 37 degrees C

FALSE

If a call reverses the process of beta-oxidation, which of the following molecules will it make?

Fatty acids

A scientist develops a new medication that is a protein compound and that must be administered by injection. Which of the following would be the most effective and safest means of preparing a sterile solution of the new medication ?

Filtration

Anabolic reactions may be characterized as

Forming large molecules from smaller molecules

Aseptic means

Free of pathogens

Which of the following is used for microbial control in fresh fruits and vegetables?

Gamma rays

Glycerol from triglycerides can be converted to a substrate for the

Glycolic pathway

Betadine contains what type of chemical agent?

Halogen

At temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature for an organism

Hydrogen bonds are broken, proteins are denatured, and membranes become too fluid

The events of binary fission are I. The cell doubles in size II. The DNA is replicated III. The cells forms a septum IV. The cell separates from its offspring the CORRECT order of these events is

II, I, III, IV

Obligate anaerobes may be cultured in the laboratory

In a reducing medium

Which of the following DNA repair processes is most likely to introduce mutations into the repaired DNA

SOS repair

An epidemiologist is investigating a new disease and observes what appear to be bacteria inside tissue cells in clinical samples from victims. The scientist wants to try to isolate the bacteria in the lab. What culture conditions are most likely to be successful ?

Inoculation of cell cultures

Which of the following is NOT a desirable characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial agent?

It only arrests growth of vegetative cells

A product of anaerobic glycolysis may be _____________

Lactic acid

The generation time of bacterial cells is shortest during the _________ phase

Log

You notice a sign in a public restroom that states "Sanitized for your safety." This means

Methods of disinfection that meet minimum standards of microbial removal have been used

Methods of microbial control called_____________arrest the growth of microbes

Microbistatic

A polypeptide in a wild microbe contains the sequence Leu-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Pro. A phenotypic variant of the species has the peptide sequence Leu-Pro-Cys-Ser-Pro. This is an example of a(n) _____________ mutation

Missense

The Ames test demonstrates that a chemical is

Mutagenic in Salmonella

A microbe that grows only at the bottom of a tube of thioglycollate medium is probably a(n)

Obligate anaerobe

Prokaryotes produce the majority of their ATP

On the cytoplasmic membrane

Nitrogen is a growth-limiting nutrient for many organisms because

Only a few microbes can extract it from the atmosphere, but all organisms require it for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis

The use of salt and sugar in preserving various types of foods in an application of which of the following concepts?

Osmotic pressure

An aerobic process requires

Oxygen

Antimicrobial agents that damage nuclei acids also affect

Protein synthesis

CFUs (colony forming units) are the source for

Pure cultures

The therapeutic range of an antimicrobial is the

Range of concentrations at which the antimicrobial is both effective and non-toxic

Antisepsis

Reduction in the number of microorganisms and viruses, particularly pathogens on living tissue

Aseptic

Refers to an environment or procedure free of pathogenic contaminants

Degerming

Removal of microbes by MECHANICAL means

Sanitization

Removal of pathogens from objects to meet public health standards

Ultra-high-temperature sterilization effectively

Removes all microbes that cause diseases or spoilage

The compound ethylene oxide is used in

Sterilization

The process of filtration can be a(n)

Sterilizing method

The molecule that an enzyme acts upon is known as its

Substrate

Which of the following statements is TRUE of bacterial plasmids

They are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate autonomously

Code/cidal

Suffixes indicating destruction of a particular type of microbe

Stasis/static

Suffixes indicating inhibition but NOT COMPLETE DESTRUCTION of a type of microbe

The absence of _______________ leaves obligate anaerobes susceptible to killing by oxygen

Superoxide dismutase

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Okazaki fragments?

They are longer in eukaryotic cells

Genetic elements known as promoters are initiation points in the process of

Transcription

RNA polymerase is primarily responsible for

Transcription

Which of the following processes is involved in the "central dogma" of genetics?

Transcription and translation

Frederick Griffith discovered

Transformation

Which of the following causes mutations by creating thymine dimmers?

Ultraviolet light

Which of the following types of radiation is non- ionizing and has the shortest wavelength?

Ultraviolet light

Pasteurization

Use of HEAT to destroy pathogens and reduce the number of spoilage of microorganisms in foods/drinks

Which of the following procedures is currently the standard test used in the United States for evaluating the efficiency of antiseptics and disinfectants?

Use-dilution test

Which of the following is NOT a feature associated with filtration?

Varying thickness of membrane filters used

The_____________ method provides an estimate of the CFUs in a sample

Viable plate-count

The waste products of cellular respiration include

Water and carbon dioxide

Aerobic Cellular Respiration Formula

glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + ATP

Amino acids are delivered in their appropriate order by

tRNAs