Geography Ch.7

Positive attractions of a migration destination such as employment opportunities or climate are known as

Blank 1: pull Blank 2: factors

Overcrowding, unemployment, and a lack of opportunity are all factors, that is, factors that may drive the decision to migrate.

Blank 1: push

Companies that have headquarters in one country and subsidiary companies, factories, and other facilities in several other countries are known as corporations.

Blank 1: transnational

In the 20th century, an increased degree of spatial interaction was allowed by the ability of wage earners in industrialized countries to afford the purchase of

Blank 1:cars

At the end of the 20th century and into the 21st century, the development of ______ increased the degree of spatial interaction. (Select all that apply.)

cellular phones the Internet low-cost telephone communications

______ is an important issue as it affects national economic structures, population density, and ethnic, linguistic, and religious mixtures.

Migration

Which of the following are examples of supranational alliances? (Select all that apply.)

The World Trade Organization The North American Free-Trade Agreement

The flow of Scandinavian migrants to Minnesota and Wisconsin during the 19th century is an example of ______ migration.

channelized

The area within which we move freely on a regular basis while conducting our daily affairs is called a(n) ______.

activity space

The age group that tends to have the largest activity space is ______.

adult

A parasite that causes a disease in a host is known as a(n) ______.

agent

Two processes by which innovations spread from their points of origin are ______ and ______.

contagious diffusion hierarchical diffusion

The point marked with the letter A on this diagram is the ______, the distance beyond which cost, effort, means, and perception reduce the likelihood of an individual to interact.

critical distance

Globalization has led to American clothes, music, video games, and fast food being available to young people around the world, creating greater ______ integration.

cultural

The increased availability of affordable automobiles has led to ______. (Select all that apply.)

decentralization of employment increased spatial interaction urban sprawl

International banking, transnational corporations, and global marketing are all examples of the ______ integration associated with globalization.

economic

The most effective means of communication is assumed to be ______.

face-to-face contact

Distance acts like a(n) ______, reducing human interaction.

friction

A variable that affects the extent of activity space and that refers to the ability to travel is referred to as:

mobility.

When considering migrating, individuals will assess the comparative ______ of their present location and any potential destination.

place utility

Both automobiles and telecommunications have led to increased ______.

urban sprawl

The mobility of individuals is most closely related to ______.

wealth

The term distance is used to describe our perception of distance, which can be significantly different from the real distance.

Blank 1: psychological

Approximately what proportion of the world's population lives in a country other than the country of their birth?

3.3%

Transnational corporations (TNCs) account for about what percent of the world's productive assets?

33%

During contagious diffusion, the number of adopters of an innovation increases at an increasing rate until the point at which approximately ______ of the total who ultimately decide to adopt the innovation have made the decision.

50%

What factors can limit a person's activity space? (Select all that apply.)

A lack of stores A lack of roads A limited number factories

Which person listed below would likely have the most limited activity space?

A low-wage worker in a remote village.

This image showing the migration of the Five Civilized Tribes between 1825 and 1840 is an example of migration.

Blank 1: forced

This image shows that different spatial diffusion processes can occur simultaneously. An innovation spreads from large cities to smaller cities through diffusion but also spreads from small cities to nearby cities of the same size through diffusion.

Blank 1: hierarchical Blank 2: contagious

______ such as a pleasant climate or the availability of a vibrant theater scene can be strong pull factors, driving migration to a particular city or country.

Amenities

A(n) is a classification of objects into categories that are increasingly complex or have increasingly higher status.

Blank 1: hierarchy

This image shows the for Florida.

Blank 1: migration Blank 2: field

Government restrictions on emigration and immigration are barriers to migration.

Blank 1: political

The desire to escape war and persecution is a(n) incentive for migration.

Blank 1: political

migration occurs along an established migrant flow from a common origin to a prepared destination.

Blank 1: Chain

migration occurs when two locations are tied socially and economically such that there is a strong flow of migrants between them.

Blank 1: Channelized

considerations involved in the decision to migrate include the push factors of famine and unemployment and the pull factor of employment opportunities.

Blank 1: Economic

is the term used for leaving one's country or region to settle elsewhere.

Blank 1: Emigration

is the term used for the increasing interconnectedness of all parts of the world.

Blank 1: Globalization

is defined as the communication and interdependencies between people.

Blank 1: Human Blank 2: interaction

are changes to a culture that result from the adoption of new ideas.

Blank 1: Innovations

migration involves the movement of people from one continent to another.

Blank 1: Intercontinental

is the permanent relocation of both place of residence and activity space.

Blank 1: Migration

is the value an individual places on a given residential site when considering migration.

Blank 1: Place Blank 2: utility

migration is the flow of migrants to the regions from which they originally emigrated.

Blank 1: Return

A(n) is the area in which a person moves freely on his or her rounds of regular activity.

Blank 1: activity Blank 2: space

While the availability and affordability of have led to increased spatial interactions for many, they have also led to negative consequences such as urban sprawl.

Blank 1: automobiles

Studies have shown that are important centers for cultural innovation.

Blank 1: cities

If you get infected with a virus at work in your town and spread it to the people you live with, that is known as diffusion.

Blank 1: contagious

This image shows the spread of a concept, practice, or substance by the process of diffusion.

Blank 1: contagious

The fear of being isolated by language differences or of losing community relationships can be a strong barrier to migration.

Blank 1: cultural

The presence of people speaking the same language or following the same religion is a(n) variable that can influence the decision to migrate to a particular area.

Blank 1: cultural

The principle of , illustrated here, describes how the amount of human interaction between places that are far apart is less than that between places that are close together.

Blank 1: distance Blank 2: decay

The costs of travel and establishing a new home can be significant barriers to migration, especially for the poor.

Blank 1: economic

Match the terms with the correct examples

Concept=Innovation of smartphone technology Substance=Purchase of a smartphone Practice=Using a smartphone to check email

What is the process whereby a concept, practice, or substance spreads from one person to another in a series of short-distance contacts?

Contagious diffusion

Match these barriers to interaction with their correct examples.

Cultural barriers=The government of a nation limits Internet communication. Cost barriers=A grandmother only visits her grandson once a year because the plane fare is very expensive. Psychological barriers=People tend to associate most with those who share their interests and views Distance barriers=A store in Boston with an online presence has more customers in Boston than in New York.

Which of the following statements about the diffusion of a single innovation is correct?

Different types of diffusion can occur at the same time.

True or false: This graph shows that after 10 years, a migrant is extremely unlikely to return to his or her country of origin.

False

Which of the following is considered the most important incentive for migration?

Economic opportunity

True or false: Innovations in telecommunications have led to a decrease in spatial interactions because people don't have to leave their home to work or shop.

False

Which of the following activities would define an individual's activity space? (Select all that apply.)

Grocery shopping Trip to the park Commute to work

What is meant by the term emigration?

Leaving one country or region to settle in another

Of the groups of people listed, which group has the smallest activity space?

Preschool age

When a person infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 travels to a new town and spreads the virus there, what type of diffusion is it?

Relocation diffusion

Which of the following can be direct political barriers to migration?

Restrictions on immigration Restrictions on emigration

What is the name of the process by which concepts, practices, and substances spread from their points of origin to new territories?

Spatial diffusion

Which of these are the three variables that determine the extent of an individual's activity space? (Select all that apply.)

Stage in life Opportunities Mobility

______ migration most likely involves a place transition through a series of less-extreme location changes.

Step

What factor has been very important in recent years in overcoming barriers to human interaction, allowing rapid diffusion of innovations worldwide?

Technological advancement

What is the term used for an emotional attachment to home ground and the desire to defend it?

Territoriality

Which of the following most likely refers to the emotional attachment to and the defense of home ground?

Territoriality

Which of these would be considered a political incentive for migration?

The desire for religious freedom

Which of the following is true about automobiles and telecommuting?

The first fosters commuting and the second reduces the need to commute.

Which of the following is the clearest example of cultural integration?

The worldwide spread of the English language

Which of the following is true about Eastern and Western Europe over last few decades?

Their economies have became more intertwined.

True or false: The tendency in hierarchical migration is to move up in level, that is, to move from a small town to a city.

True

Which group in society is typically the most likely to migrate?

Young adult

Examine this figure and select which of these statements are true. (Select all that apply.)

Young adults are the most likely to migrate. People of almost all ages are less likely to migrate to another country than to migrate within their own country.

The decreasing cost of transport and the development of communication technology have allowed for instantaneous interactions, which have contributed to increased ______, making people around the world more interconnected than ever before.

globalization

The relocation from a small town to larger town or from a large town to a city is an example of ______ migration.

hierarchical

The image shown here is an example of ______.

hierarchical diffusion

Innovation is closely associated with cities because of the ______.

high degree of spatial interaction in densely populated areas

The virus that causes COVID-19 infects people. The people that carry the virus are known as ______.

hosts

Cities are thought to be centers of development for new ideas in part because ______.

human interactions are higher in cites

The migration of Europeans to North America is an example of ______.

intercontinental migration

The movement of people within a country is most likely called ______ migration.

interregional

The migration patterns shown in this map are all examples of ______ migration.

intracontinental

The amount of interaction between two places is mostly a function of ______. (Select all that apply).

linkages between populations of the two places the distance between the places

A ______ is an area or areas that dominate a locale's in- and out-migration.

migration field

Globalization, particularly through the use of the Internet, has led to greater availability of images and news from around the world. This has led to a rise in global movements and the formation of international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), both examples of ______ integration.

political

This image shows that during contagious diffusion, innovation at first spreads ______, then more ______, until saturation occurs.

slowly; rapidly

When human interactions are examined in terms of some sort of flow (e.g., communication, travel, and trade) over distances that separate people, the term ______ interaction is used.

spatial

Due to innovations in ______, the distance decay principle does not always apply to the flow of information.

telecommunications

When considering the effort involved in traveling to work, it is often better to think in terms of ______ rather than distance or cost, as this is often the major factor in determining the critical distance.

the time it take to make the trip