Geography Exam 2

Which of the following is true of spheroidal weathering? a) it is a physical weathering process. b) it is a type of exfoliation associated with pressure release. c) it attacks the corners and edges of rocks. d) it is a frost-thaw action.

c) it attacks the corners and edges of rocks.

Which of the following is not a denudation process? a) chemical weathering b) erosion c) orogeny d) mass movement e) physical weathering

c) orogeny

In polar and alpine regions, thawing and saturation of the upper layer of soil, resulting in a slow downslope movement called a) transitional slide. b) mudflow. c) solifluction. d) lahar. e) slump.

c) solifluction.

Hydrolysis involves a) frost action. b) the addition of water with little chemical change. c) the chemical reaction of water. d) salt crystal growth from evaporation. e) pressure-release jointing.

c) the chemical reaction of water.

All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term of a) mass movement. b) erosion. c) weathering. d) denudation.

d) denudation

The area of high ground that separates one valley from another and directs sheetflow is known as a) the maximum contour elevation. b) a grainage divide. c) an interfluve. d) the continental divide. e) rill.

c) an interfluve.

A drainage pattern that displays a branching pattern similar to the shape of a tree is a(n) a) radial drainage pattern. b) deranged drainage pattern. c) dendritic drainage pattern. d) annular drainage pattern. e) parallel drainage pattern.

c) dendritic drainage pattern.

Delicate Arch in Utah is an example of a) a geological structure crated by flowing ice. b) a volcanic dome. c) differential weathering. d) an extinct shield volcano

c) differential weathering

A graph of stream discharge over time for a specific location is a a) climograph. b) seismograph. c) hydrograph. d) water chart.

c) hydrograph.

The dynamic equilibrium model refers to a) a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape. b) a theory involving the cyclic or evolutionary development of a landscape. c) a sequential development of landforms. d) an important concept first stated by Alfred Wegener.

a) a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape.

A stream CANNOT erode its valley below a) base level. b) deposition. c) drainage density. d) drainage rank.

a) base level.

Exfoliation occurs because a) water combines with minerals and increases their size, thereby causing surrounding minerals to pop out of the rock matrix. b) water freezes in joints and expands. c) overlaying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rock mass to expand and fracture. d) all of the above are possible causes of exfoliation.

c) overlaying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rock mass to expand and fracture.

Human-induced mass movements produce a category of processes known as a) debris flow. b) denudation. c) scarification. d) translational slides. e) lahar.

c) scarification.

In stream formulation, surface water initially moves down slope in a thin film called a) river. b) gulley. c) sheetflow. d) rill. e) interfluve.

c) sheetflow.

Which of the following is a typical karst landscape feature? a) granite domes b) arches c) sinkholes d) granular disintegration

c) sinkholes

Which of the following is not a class of mass movement? a) fall b) slide c) slip d) flow e) creep

c) slip

As stream velocity decreases, which of the following sizes of sediments will be deposited last? a) gravel b) sand c) silt d) clay

d) clay

The effect of urbanization on a typical stream hydrograph is to a) create a base flow. b) increase lag time between storm peak and peak stream discharge. c) decrease runoff. d) decrease lag time between storm peak and peak stream discharge.

d) decrease lag time between storm peak and peak stream discharge.

Stream drainage patterns are determined by which of the following? a) regional steepness and relief only b) variations in rock resistance only c) climate only d) landscape characteristics only e) climate, regional steepness and relief, landscape characteristics, and variations in rock resistance.

e) climate, regional steepness and relief, landscape characteristics, and variations in rock resistance.

_________ streams begin in moist regions and flow downstream into arid landscapes with high evapotranspiration. a) perennial b) intermittent c) ephemeral d) temporary e) exotic

e) exotic

If material is to move downslope, it must overcome the force of a) friction. b) the cohesion of particles to each other. c) inertial resistance of the material. d) both friction and inertial resistance. e) friction, cohesion of particles, and inertial resistance.

e) friction, cohesion of particles, and inertial resistance.

Particles that are dragged, pushed, or rolled along the bottom of a stream comprise the stream's a) bed load. b) suspended load. c) dissolved load. d) braided load.

a) bed load.

A __________ is a mixture of water and loosely consolidated sediment, such as gravels, boulders, and coarse rock fragments, moving downslope. a) debris flow b) creep c) rockfall d) landslide e) slump

a) debris flow

Chemical weathering is greatest under conditions of a) higher rainfall and temperatures. b) lower rainfall, but lower temperatures. c) higher rainfall, but lower temperatures. d) lower rainfall, but higher temperatures. e) near absence of rainfall, but higher temperatures.

a) higher rainfall and temperatures.

The length of the individual channels in a dendritic drainage pattern is _________, and this increases energy ___________. a) minimized; efficiency b) minimized; inefficiency c) maximized; efficiency d) maximized; inefficiency

a) minimized; efficiency

Water content in the slope material is highest during which of the following types of mass movement? a) mudflow b) earthflow c) rockfall d) debris avalanche e) translational slide

a) mudflow

When rock is broken down and disintegrated without any chemical alterations, the process in operation is a) physical weathering. b) chemical weathering. c) hydrolysis. d) carbonation. e) erosion.

a) physical weathering.

A landform created by deposition on the inside of a bend in a meandering stream channel is a(n) a) point bar. b) oxbow lake. c) suspended load. d) undercut bank.

a) point bar.

A slope is ________ if its strength exceeds denudation processes and _________ if its materials are weaker than denudation processes. a) stable; unstable b) unstable; stable c) in equilibrium, in disequilibrium d) in disequilibrium; in equilibrium e) inertial; gravitational

a) stable; unstable

What is the probability of a 100-year flood occurring in any one year? a) 0.1% b) 1% c) 10% d) 100% e) 0.001%

b) 1%

After a geomorphic threshold is crossed, the landscape a) remains unstable thereafter. b) adjusts to a new equilibrium condition. c) looks identical to the landscape that existed prior to the crossing of the threshold. d) could include any of the above, which are equally likely to occur.

b) adjusts to a new equilibrium condition.

The maximum incline at which sediments on a slope can remain at rest before pulled downward by gravity is known as the a) catchment. b) angle of repose. c) free face. d) regolith. e) slope.

b) angle of repose.

Uplift of the landscape creates ________ energy which is converted to ________ energy when materials begin to move downslope. a) kinetic; potential b) potential; kinetic c) potential; chemical d) kinetic; chemical

b) potential; kinetic

Streams flowing off a volcanic mountain typically display which type of drainage pattern? a) rectangular b) radial c) dendritic d) parallel e) annular

b) radial

A slow, persistent mass movement of surface soil is called a) a debris avalanche. b) soil creep. c) a soil slide. d) a rock fall.

b) soil creep.

Drainage density of determined by a) dividing the number of streams in a basin by the basic area. b) dividing the actual path length of a stream by the shortest path of the stream. c) averaging the discharge values across a drainage basin. d) dividing the total length of all stream channels in the basin by the area of the basin. e) averaging the channel depth of the streams in a drainage basin

d) dividing the total length of all stream channels in the basin by the area of the basin.

On which part of the slope would rocks tend to fall at the highest speed? a) concave slope b) convex slope c) debris slope d) free face

d) free face

A drainage basin is defined by a) its proximity to a coast. b) the salinity of the stream water. c) the steepness of the stream bed. d) its drainage divides.

d) its drainage divides.

In most areas, the upper surface of bedrock is partially weathered to broken-up rock called a) parent rock. b) bedrock. c) sediment. d) regolith

d) regolith

Which of the following is not exogenic in nature? a) weathering b) erosion c) denudation d) tectonic uplift e) mass movement

d) tectonic uplift

A landform created by erosion on the outside of a bend in a meandering stream channel is a(n) a) point bar. b) oxbow lake. c) suspended load. d) undercut bank.

d) undercut bank.

As the discharge of a stream increases, which of the following also happens? a) stream channels narrow, become shallower, and lose velocity. b) the rate of flow decreases. c) channel width increases but channel depth decreases. d) width, depth, and/or velocity increase. e) erosion and sediment transport and greatly reduced.

d) width, depth, and/or velocity increase.

The science of water and its global circulation, distribution, and properties is known as a) geomorphology. b) climatology. c) lithology. d) fluviology. e) hydrology.

e) hydrology.

A basin in which water leaves via evapotranspiration or subsurface gravitational flow instead of reaching the ocean is said to have a) disappearing streams. b) hydraulic action. c) base flow. d) deranged patterns. e) internal drainage.

e) internal drainage.

A drainage system that maintains its original course and pattern as it erodes into underlying horizontal beds of different structure than that in which the system evolved is called a(n) a) deranged pattern. b) discordant stream. c) annular pattern. d) yazoo stream. e) superposed stream.

e) superposed stream.