Geography unit 1 test
weathering
breakdown of rock 9 water, plant roots, ice, temperature change, acid, mineral crystals
mercator
cartography the science of map making first to create world map using grid lines (latitude, longitude)
galileo
confirmed heliocentric theory
atmosphere
covering of air that surrounds the earth
Hipparchus
created a grid pattern to determine location
folding
created when two plates that make up the earths crust collide they bend and curve
humus
dead indicating matter
fault
deep cracks in the earths surface where earths are joined
Eratosthenes
first to use the word geography, claimed the earth was a sphere, measured circumference of globe, 25,000/24,860
lines of longitude
north to south measures east and west, meet at the poles, known as meridians
know the distortion of maps
not accrate some distortion of area, shape, distance or direction
proportion of salt and fresh water on the earhs surface
salt 97.5% fresh 2.5%
lithosphere
solid part of earth
inner core
solid, iron and nickle
precipitation
rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground
read over notes know continents and oceans know ring of fire location
read over notes know continents and oceans know ring of fire location
benefits of rivers
drinking water, irrigation, food, transportation, hydroelectric power, human settlement
plate tectonics
earths crust is broken into peices, faults
lines of latitude
east to west, parallels because they never touch measures north and south
condensation
from gass to liquid
evaporation
from liquid to gass
transpiration
from liquid to gass off vegetation
ptolemy
geocentric theory earth centered world view
geocentric theory vs. heliocentric theory
geocentric theory: earth centered world view heliocrantric theory: sun centered universe
copernicus
heliocentric theory sun centered universe
bays
inlet of the ocean
gulfs
inlet of the ocean
seas
inlet of the ocean
internal vs. external forces
internal: forces deep whithin the earth build the earth up external: break earth down by wearing away earths landforms
proportion of land and water on the earths surface
land 29% water 71%
river source
where a river begins
river mouth
where a river empties into a larger body of water
Effects of the Great Flood
wiped out everything (find more)
ring of fire and be able to locate
zone of seismic and volcanic activity that coincides in general with the margins of the pacific plate
delta
traingular branching of a river at its mouth
benefits of oceans
distributing thermal energy and keeping earth cool, sea life habitat, food provider, salt
location of equator
0 degrees
location of prime meridian
0 degrees
location of international date line
180 degrees
absolute location vs. relative location
An absolute location describes a precise point on Earth or another defined space. A relative location describes where something else by using another, familiar feature as a reference point.
the creation mandate: Genesis 1:26
God commands that man rules over the earth
continental drift
The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth's surface.
aquifer
a body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater
volcano
a cone shaped mountain or hill created by molten material that rises from the interior of the earth to the surface
tributary
a river or stream flowing into a larger river
earthquake
a sudden movement of the earths crust caused by the release of stress accumulated along faults
ways we compare rivers: length, discharge, drainage areas, navigabilty
length discharge = amount of water flowing drainage = total land area drained by the river system navigability = how far large ships can travel
outer core
liquid, iron and nickle
biosphere
living things on the earth surface
the advantage and disadvantage of mountains
low populaion, hinders travel, isolates people, oringins of river, mining cities
mantle
molten rock known as magma
erosion ( wind wave glacial )
natural breakdown and removal of the earths surface
the advantage and disadvantage of pains and plateaus for human habitation
plains: wide areas of level land, farming, alluvium, high population, plateau: poor land for settlement, poor soil for farming, desert areas
hydraulic cycle
the continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, oceans, and earth
cartography
the science of making maps
physical geography
the study of earth and its resources
Cultural Geography
the study of humanity as they live on earth and uses its resources
Define Geography
the study of the earth and people
crust
thin outer layer
hydrosphere
water on the earths surface