Geography unit 1 test

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weathering

breakdown of rock 9 water, plant roots, ice, temperature change, acid, mineral crystals

mercator

cartography the science of map making first to create world map using grid lines (latitude, longitude)

galileo

confirmed heliocentric theory

atmosphere

covering of air that surrounds the earth

Hipparchus

created a grid pattern to determine location

folding

created when two plates that make up the earths crust collide they bend and curve

humus

dead indicating matter

fault

deep cracks in the earths surface where earths are joined

Eratosthenes

first to use the word geography, claimed the earth was a sphere, measured circumference of globe, 25,000/24,860

lines of longitude

north to south measures east and west, meet at the poles, known as meridians

know the distortion of maps

not accrate some distortion of area, shape, distance or direction

proportion of salt and fresh water on the earhs surface

salt 97.5% fresh 2.5%

lithosphere

solid part of earth

inner core

solid, iron and nickle

precipitation

rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground

read over notes know continents and oceans know ring of fire location

read over notes know continents and oceans know ring of fire location

benefits of rivers

drinking water, irrigation, food, transportation, hydroelectric power, human settlement

plate tectonics

earths crust is broken into peices, faults

lines of latitude

east to west, parallels because they never touch measures north and south

condensation

from gass to liquid

evaporation

from liquid to gass

transpiration

from liquid to gass off vegetation

ptolemy

geocentric theory earth centered world view

geocentric theory vs. heliocentric theory

geocentric theory: earth centered world view heliocrantric theory: sun centered universe

copernicus

heliocentric theory sun centered universe

bays

inlet of the ocean

gulfs

inlet of the ocean

seas

inlet of the ocean

internal vs. external forces

internal: forces deep whithin the earth build the earth up external: break earth down by wearing away earths landforms

proportion of land and water on the earths surface

land 29% water 71%

river source

where a river begins

river mouth

where a river empties into a larger body of water

Effects of the Great Flood

wiped out everything (find more)

ring of fire and be able to locate

zone of seismic and volcanic activity that coincides in general with the margins of the pacific plate

delta

traingular branching of a river at its mouth

benefits of oceans

distributing thermal energy and keeping earth cool, sea life habitat, food provider, salt

location of equator

0 degrees

location of prime meridian

0 degrees

location of international date line

180 degrees

absolute location vs. relative location

An absolute location describes a precise point on Earth or another defined space. A relative location describes where something else by using another, familiar feature as a reference point.

the creation mandate: Genesis 1:26

God commands that man rules over the earth

continental drift

The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth's surface.

aquifer

a body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater

volcano

a cone shaped mountain or hill created by molten material that rises from the interior of the earth to the surface

tributary

a river or stream flowing into a larger river

earthquake

a sudden movement of the earths crust caused by the release of stress accumulated along faults

ways we compare rivers: length, discharge, drainage areas, navigabilty

length discharge = amount of water flowing drainage = total land area drained by the river system navigability = how far large ships can travel

outer core

liquid, iron and nickle

biosphere

living things on the earth surface

the advantage and disadvantage of mountains

low populaion, hinders travel, isolates people, oringins of river, mining cities

mantle

molten rock known as magma

erosion ( wind wave glacial )

natural breakdown and removal of the earths surface

the advantage and disadvantage of pains and plateaus for human habitation

plains: wide areas of level land, farming, alluvium, high population, plateau: poor land for settlement, poor soil for farming, desert areas

hydraulic cycle

the continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, oceans, and earth

cartography

the science of making maps

physical geography

the study of earth and its resources

Cultural Geography

the study of humanity as they live on earth and uses its resources

Define Geography

the study of the earth and people

crust

thin outer layer

hydrosphere

water on the earths surface


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