Geography Unit 3 study guide
In Peru and Bolivia, the two main branches of the Andes border a high plain called the _____.
Altiplano
The Patagonia desert in _____ lies in the rain shadow of the Andes.
Argentina
Brazil is the world's largest exporter of _____
Beef
Brazil's national food dish is a stew made of _____, dried beef, and pork
Black Beans
The greatest number of people in the Tropical North live in _____.
Bogotá
Under Spanish rule, _____ became the capital of Colombia.
Bogotá
Brazilians blended samba rhythms with jazz to introduce the world to music called _____.
Bossa Nova
Tall evergreen trees form a(n) _____, or an umbrella-like covering over the Amazon rain forest.
Canopy
The Galápagos Islands were the site of _____.
Charles Darwin's study that resulted in the theory of evolution
Altitude is an important feature in the Andean region because it determines _____.
Climate
In Peru and northern Chile, the area between the Pacific and the Andes is a _____.
Coastal Desert
Venezuela's main cash crop is _____.
Coffee
In the early 1900s, Panama separated from _____ and became independent.
Colombia
Of the many languages spoken in the Tropical North countries, Spanish is used in its purest form in _____.
Colombia
Which is the largest country in the Tropical North region?
Colombia
In Brazil, voting is _____, therefore citizens are required by law to vote.
Compulsory
Chile is the world's leading exporter of _____.
Copper
The Andes form a series of parallel mountain ranges called a(n) _____.
Cordillera
Languages in Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana reflect their colonial heritage, particularly the widely spoken _____ language.
Creole
What was the capital of the Inca Empire?
Cuzco
Today, Brazil is a(n) _____, in which people elect a president and other leaders.
Democratic Republic
The discovery of gold in the 1690s and then the discovery of _____ in the 1720s drew thousands of colonists to Brazil.
Diamonds
In Suriname, the official language is _____, but it is spoken only as a second language.
Dutch
The French, British, and _____ fought over and colonized Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.
Dutch
Cotopaxi, the world's highest active volcano, is located in _____.
Ecuador
The first to rise up against Spanish rule in 1809 was _____.
Ecuador
Which nation has the Tropical North's largest indigenous population?
Ecuador
Colombia is the world's leading producer of _____.
Emeralds
Native populations were forced to work for the Spanish under a system called _____.
Encomienda
Trade winds are steady winds that blow from higher latitudes toward the _____.
Equator
Which term refers to an area where the ocean tide meets a river current?
Estuary
Spanish conquistador _____ conquered the empire of the Inca.
Francisco Pizarro
The pampas, like North America's _____, provide land for growing wheat and corn and for grazing cattle.
Great Plains
At the top of the highly structured Inca hierarchy were the emperor and _____.
High Priest
The Inca became extremely wealthy because of _____.
Huge deposits of gold and silver
Conditions in the land at the highest altitude--tierra helada--can be _____.
Icy and Harsh
Thousands of Native American peoples died from European diseases because they had no natural _____ to protect them against illness.
Immunity
British and Dutch plantation owners recruited laborers from _____, China, and Indonesia to replace the once-enslaved workers.
India
The descendants of contract laborers from _____ are Suriname's largest population group.
India
The Tupi, Arawak, and Carib are three of the many _____ peoples who lived in Brazil before Europeans arrived.
Indigenous
São Paulo is the _____ center of Brazil.
Industrial
After slavery ended in Brazil, large numbers of _____ arrived to work on the coffee plantations.
Italians
The Paraná-Paraguay-Uruguay river system is very important to Paraguay because it is a _____ country.
Landlocked
Most ranching in the region takes place in the _____.
Llanos
The Transamazonica Highway and other new roads have increased _____, which causes destruction of the Amazon rain forest.
Logging
Which term refers to a small, elevated area of land that has a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs?
Mesa
Brazil gained independence partly as an indirect result of the actions of the French emperor _____.
Napoleon Bonaparte
After his election, Hugo Chávez promised to use Venezuela's income from _____ to improve life for the country's poor.
Oil
Angel Falls is part of the _____ river system.
OrinocoThe Galápagos Islands were the site of _____.
Grassy, treeless plains called _____ are one of Brazil's most productive ranching and farming areas.
Pampas
One of the most popular instruments of Andean music is the _____.
Pan flute
The Inca developed a highly sophisticated civilization, first settling in what is now _____.
Peru
What economic activity led to African slavery in Brazil?
Plantation Agriculture
Brazil is the only South American country that has a(n) _____ heritage.
Portuguese
The official language of Brazil is _____.
Portuguese
The Inca created a counting system called _____ for record keeping.
Quipu
What material extracted from brazilwood was highly valued in Europe?
Red Dye
São Paulo and _____ have the most and largest favelas in Brazil.
Rio de Janeiro
The majority of people in Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela practice the _____ religion.
Roman Catholic
Most of Brazil's large cities also have favelas, which are _____ communities located on the edges of the cities.
Shantytown
In 1819 _____ became the first president of the independent republic called Gran Colombia.
Simón Bolívar
The Tupi and Brazil's other lowland and rain forest peoples practiced _____ agriculture.
Slash-and-Burn
What is Brazil's most popular sport?
Soccer
In the 1600s, _____ became Brazil's main export and Portugal's greatest source of wealth.
Sugar
What is Brazil's largest metropolitan area?
São Paulo
Which term refers to a tax on imported goods?
Tariff
In the Tropical North, which landform runs through each country?
The Andes Mountain Ranges
Most of Brazil's population lives in _____.
The Coastal Lowlands
Brasilia was built as Brazil's new capital to encourage settlement in _____.
The Country's Interior
Recent improvements in _____ have made the resources in Brazil's vast interior available to its growing industries and population.
Transportation
Which term refers to a river or stream that flows into a larger one, or into a lake?
Tributary
Most of Brazil is located in the _____ zone, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
Tropics
Summer months in the United States are _____ months in Brazil.
Winter
In Suriname, rebel groups--the descendants of escaped slaves--disrupted the country's _____ mining in an attempt to overthrow the government.
bauxite
The Tropical North's nations have a history of tense relations and internal unrest because they lack strong, _____ governments.
stable
Brazilian _____ is used to make ethanol, which is mixed with gasoline and used as fuel for cars and trucks.
sugarcane