Geography Unit 3 study guide

In Peru and Bolivia, the two main branches of the Andes border a high plain called the _____.

Altiplano

The Patagonia desert in _____ lies in the rain shadow of the Andes.

Argentina

Brazil is the world's largest exporter of _____

Beef

Brazil's national food dish is a stew made of _____, dried beef, and pork

Black Beans

The greatest number of people in the Tropical North live in _____.

Bogotá

Under Spanish rule, _____ became the capital of Colombia.

Bogotá

Brazilians blended samba rhythms with jazz to introduce the world to music called _____.

Bossa Nova

Tall evergreen trees form a(n) _____, or an umbrella-like covering over the Amazon rain forest.

Canopy

The Galápagos Islands were the site of _____.

Charles Darwin's study that resulted in the theory of evolution

Altitude is an important feature in the Andean region because it determines _____.

Climate

In Peru and northern Chile, the area between the Pacific and the Andes is a _____.

Coastal Desert

Venezuela's main cash crop is _____.

Coffee

In the early 1900s, Panama separated from _____ and became independent.

Colombia

Of the many languages spoken in the Tropical North countries, Spanish is used in its purest form in _____.

Colombia

Which is the largest country in the Tropical North region?

Colombia

In Brazil, voting is _____, therefore citizens are required by law to vote.

Compulsory

Chile is the world's leading exporter of _____.

Copper

The Andes form a series of parallel mountain ranges called a(n) _____.

Cordillera

Languages in Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana reflect their colonial heritage, particularly the widely spoken _____ language.

Creole

What was the capital of the Inca Empire?

Cuzco

Today, Brazil is a(n) _____, in which people elect a president and other leaders.

Democratic Republic

The discovery of gold in the 1690s and then the discovery of _____ in the 1720s drew thousands of colonists to Brazil.

Diamonds

In Suriname, the official language is _____, but it is spoken only as a second language.

Dutch

The French, British, and _____ fought over and colonized Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.

Dutch

Cotopaxi, the world's highest active volcano, is located in _____.

Ecuador

The first to rise up against Spanish rule in 1809 was _____.

Ecuador

Which nation has the Tropical North's largest indigenous population?

Ecuador

Colombia is the world's leading producer of _____.

Emeralds

Native populations were forced to work for the Spanish under a system called _____.

Encomienda

Trade winds are steady winds that blow from higher latitudes toward the _____.

Equator

Which term refers to an area where the ocean tide meets a river current?

Estuary

Spanish conquistador _____ conquered the empire of the Inca.

Francisco Pizarro

The pampas, like North America's _____, provide land for growing wheat and corn and for grazing cattle.

Great Plains

At the top of the highly structured Inca hierarchy were the emperor and _____.

High Priest

The Inca became extremely wealthy because of _____.

Huge deposits of gold and silver

Conditions in the land at the highest altitude--tierra helada--can be _____.

Icy and Harsh

Thousands of Native American peoples died from European diseases because they had no natural _____ to protect them against illness.

Immunity

British and Dutch plantation owners recruited laborers from _____, China, and Indonesia to replace the once-enslaved workers.

India

The descendants of contract laborers from _____ are Suriname's largest population group.

India

The Tupi, Arawak, and Carib are three of the many _____ peoples who lived in Brazil before Europeans arrived.

Indigenous

São Paulo is the _____ center of Brazil.

Industrial

After slavery ended in Brazil, large numbers of _____ arrived to work on the coffee plantations.

Italians

The Paraná-Paraguay-Uruguay river system is very important to Paraguay because it is a _____ country.

Landlocked

Most ranching in the region takes place in the _____.

Llanos

The Transamazonica Highway and other new roads have increased _____, which causes destruction of the Amazon rain forest.

Logging

Which term refers to a small, elevated area of land that has a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs?

Mesa

Brazil gained independence partly as an indirect result of the actions of the French emperor _____.

Napoleon Bonaparte

After his election, Hugo Chávez promised to use Venezuela's income from _____ to improve life for the country's poor.

Oil

Angel Falls is part of the _____ river system.

OrinocoThe Galápagos Islands were the site of _____.

Grassy, treeless plains called _____ are one of Brazil's most productive ranching and farming areas.

Pampas

One of the most popular instruments of Andean music is the _____.

Pan flute

The Inca developed a highly sophisticated civilization, first settling in what is now _____.

Peru

What economic activity led to African slavery in Brazil?

Plantation Agriculture

Brazil is the only South American country that has a(n) _____ heritage.

Portuguese

The official language of Brazil is _____.

Portuguese

The Inca created a counting system called _____ for record keeping.

Quipu

What material extracted from brazilwood was highly valued in Europe?

Red Dye

São Paulo and _____ have the most and largest favelas in Brazil.

Rio de Janeiro

The majority of people in Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela practice the _____ religion.

Roman Catholic

Most of Brazil's large cities also have favelas, which are _____ communities located on the edges of the cities.

Shantytown

In 1819 _____ became the first president of the independent republic called Gran Colombia.

Simón Bolívar

The Tupi and Brazil's other lowland and rain forest peoples practiced _____ agriculture.

Slash-and-Burn

What is Brazil's most popular sport?

Soccer

In the 1600s, _____ became Brazil's main export and Portugal's greatest source of wealth.

Sugar

What is Brazil's largest metropolitan area?

São Paulo

Which term refers to a tax on imported goods?

Tariff

In the Tropical North, which landform runs through each country?

The Andes Mountain Ranges

Most of Brazil's population lives in _____.

The Coastal Lowlands

Brasilia was built as Brazil's new capital to encourage settlement in _____.

The Country's Interior

Recent improvements in _____ have made the resources in Brazil's vast interior available to its growing industries and population.

Transportation

Which term refers to a river or stream that flows into a larger one, or into a lake?

Tributary

Most of Brazil is located in the _____ zone, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.

Tropics

Summer months in the United States are _____ months in Brazil.

Winter

In Suriname, rebel groups--the descendants of escaped slaves--disrupted the country's _____ mining in an attempt to overthrow the government.

bauxite

The Tropical North's nations have a history of tense relations and internal unrest because they lack strong, _____ governments.

stable

Brazilian _____ is used to make ethanol, which is mixed with gasoline and used as fuel for cars and trucks.

sugarcane