GEOL 1001 test 1
Which of the following is true about rocks and minerals?
-a rock can contain more than one mineral -a mineral is composed of chemical elements -a single rock can include more than one mineral
Which of the following is a principle to interpret relative ages?
A younger rock can include pieces of an older rock.
Which of the following statements is true? -Earthquakes are more widespread than volcanoes or high mountains. -High mountains are more widespread than volcanoes or earthquakes. -Volcanoes are more widespread than earthquakes or high mountains.
Earthquakes are more widespread than volcanoes or high mountains.
Choose the answer that best explains why a rock might not go through the complete rock cycle.
Rock may be involved in a variety of processes in different sequences.
Which of the following is NOT a mineral? -liquid water -crystals grown in a laboratory -volcanic glass -piece of wood -all of these
all of these
The lithosphere consists of ___________
both types of crust and the uppermost mantle
Which mineral property is the least reliable for identifying a mineral?
color
What strategy was described for inferring the environment in which a rock formed?
comparing the characteristics of the rock to deposits from modern environments
In which of the types of bonding do atoms share one or more electrons?
covalent
The main layers of the Earth in correct order, from the surface moving down, are:
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
What are the two main ways that minerals are put together in rocks?
crystalline vs clastic
In ____________ , magma cools at a slow rate, allowing the formation of ____________ .
deep magma chambers; coarse grained rocks
According to the rock cycle, sediment that is being transported by a river could become a metamorphic rock after:
deposition and burial
Which of the following factors was most important in controlling the distribution of copper mines in the western U.S. versus iron mines in the Great Lakes region?
different ages and geologic histories of the rocks
Mid-ocean ridges form where two ocean plates:
diverge
Some volcanic ash rises vertically in an ____________ , cools before accumulating on the surface, and forms deposits that are ____________ .
eruption column; nonleaded
If you wanted to determine how deep a rock layer was below a particular point on the surface, what type of figure would be most useful?
geologic cross section
Which of the following is a mineral? -ice -crystals grown in a laboratory -volcanic glass -materials with crystals of different chemical compounds -none of these
ice
Which of the following is NOT an environment in which an igneous rock forms?
intense squeezing from tectonic forces
A mantle plume rises because:
it is solid but less dense than material around it
Steep and unstable slopes can produce ____________ , forming ____________ .
landslides and mudflows; volcanic breccia
Magma erupted on the surface can form a ____________ that cools quickly, resulting in ____________ .
lava flow; volcanic glass
Compared to oceanic crust, continental crust is:
lighter in color
what type of elements are in the group that includes elements Cu, Ag, and Au?
metals
Which of the following settings is most likely to have eruptions of basalt?
mid-ocean ridge
If Earth's long history is represented as a single calendar year, the Precambrian would end in the ____________ , the Paleozoic would end in the ____________ , and humans would show up in the ____________ .
middle of November; middle of December; last day of December
The Earth's magnetic field is generated by:
movement of iron and electrical currents within earths outer core
If a mineral fractures, how many directions of cleavage does it have?
no directions of cleavage
Which of the following Earth layers is the thinnest?
oceanic crust
Magma can partially crystallize at depth and then rise to shallow depths where the remaining magma solidifies. The early-formed crystals are ____________ and the texture is ____________ .
phenocrysts; porphyritic
What three kinds of particles are the main building blocks of an atom?
proton, neutron, electron
Some volcanic ash forms ____________ that accumulate while hot and can become ____________ to some extent.
pyroclastic flow; welded
The main cause of melting along subduction zones is the:
release of water from the subducting plate
Magma that cools in ____________ has a relatively short time to cool and so forms ____________ , but not volcanic glass.
shallow magma chambers; fine grained rocks
The most important class of rock-forming minerals on Earth is:
silicates
What class of minerals form when the element Si is bonded with element O, as in the mineral quartz?
silicates
A force that is important in driving plate tectonics is:
slab pull; ridge push; upwelling mantle, such as in hot spots
Which of the following is NOT a typical environment in which a metamorphic rock forms?
solidification of lava
A region generally is higher than an adjacent region if ____________ than in the adjacent region.
the crust is thicker
Mid-ocean ridges are higher than surrounding oceanic crust primarily because:
the lithosphere is thinner and hotter
The principle of isostasy refers to:
the relationship between regional elevations and thickness of crust
A finely crystalline or glassy igneous texture indicates that:
the rock cooled quickly
Which data were used to develop the hypothesis of continental drift?
the shape of the continents; the distribution of fossils; the distribution of glacial deposits and directions of glacial scratch marks
Which of the following combinations would result in the highest regional elevations?
thick, less dense crust
Which of the following igneous rocks would be formed by the fastest cooling?
volcanic glass
In ____________ very large crystals can grow, forming ____________ .
water-rich parts of the magma; pegmatite
Which of the following is NOT an important difference between continents and oceans?
whether it is part of the lithosphere
