Geology #4

which are true? 1. The greenhouse effect makes Earth warm enough to support life as we know it. 2. The oceans are a secondary source of solar radiation. 3. Solar energy fuels the greenhouse effect. 4. The greenhouse effect is at least partly a natural process. 5. The greenhouse effect has little effect on Earth's climate.

1, 3, and 4

Almost _____ of all electric power produced relies on coal as a source of energy.

46%

Energy produced by once-living plants represents approximately __________ of the total amount of renewable energy.

50%

Renewable energy makes up approximately how much of the total U.S. energy budget?

9.2 quadrillion BTU

What is one drawback to nuclear energy?

Radioactive nuclear waste is difficult to dispose of properly.

Which of the following do all oil traps have in common?

a reservoir rock with a cap rock above it

most radiation is ____ by earth's surface resulting in _____ of the lower atmosphere

absorbed; warming

what are some renewable energy types?

biomass, hydropower, wind, geothermal

Nuclear energy is used in what energy sector(s)?

electric power

about have of renewable energy is used in ____.

electric power generation

List the fluids commonly found in traps, from the least to most dense.

gas, oil, water

some infrared radiation passes directly through the atmosphere and out to space while other infrared radiation is absorbed by ______. The effect of this is to warm the earth's surface and the lower atmosphere

greenhouse gases

The graph shows that the use of __________ is stable, while all other types of renewable energy are __________.

hydroelectric power; increasing

what is the source of longwave infrared radiation?

longwave infrared radiation is caused by the radioactive decay of an unstable atomic nucleus as it loses energy.

what happens to most of the incoming solar energy on earth?

most incoming solar energy is absorbed by earth's land and water surfaces

Most of the energy used by the industrial and residential/commercial sectors is __________.

natural gas

Which of the following fossils fuels is the "cleanest" for the environment in the sense that it is most likely to have the lowest sulfur content and the smallest volume of solid ash residue?

natural gas

__________ is split nearly evenly among the industrial, residential and commercial, and electric power sectors.

natural gas

Which process releases energy from radioactive materials to produce nuclear power?

nuclear fission

what are some fossil fuels?

petroleum, coal, natural gas

some solar radiation is ____ by earth and its atmosphere

reflected

A ________ is an economically important material that can be replenished over a short time span to be used again.

renewable resource

long wave infrared radiation is ______ from earth's surface

reradiated

Which type of rock would be an ideal cap rock?

shale

photovoltaic cells are used to generate _____ energy.

solar

____ passes through the atmosphere

solar radiation

A(n) __________ is not associated with structural deformation.

stratigraphic (pinchout) trap

Which of the following must be true for hydrocarbons to be collected by a fault trap?

the fault must be sealed

The storage of heat in the lower layer of the atmosphere due to certain gases absorbing heat is called ________.

the greenhouse effect

Which of the following must be true for hydrocarbons to be trapped by salt diapirs?

the salt must be impermeable

Cap rocks over reservoirs of petroleum and natural gas are nonporous and impermeable.

true

What radioactive material is the main fuel used to produce nuclear energy?

uranium-232

Hydropower involves damming water and __________.

using the potential energy to turn turbines