geology final (pt 3)

stalactite

A ________ is the icicle-like speleothem that grows down from the roof of a cavern.

radial

A drainage pattern comprised of streams that diverge from a central area like spokes is called ________.

rectangular

A drainage pattern that exhibits many right-angle bends and develops when bedrock is crisscrossed by a series of joints and/or faults is called ________.

a stream valley, deepened by glacial erosion, that floods as sea level rises

A fiord is ________.

geyser

A hydrothermal vent that periodically or occasionally erupts a column of steam and hot water is called a ________.

strike slip

A(n) ________ fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks.

water rises above the top of the aquifer without any pumping

An artesian well is one in which ________.

aquitard

Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

creep

Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

aquitards

Highly impermeable layers such as compacted clay or shale are known as ________.

The soil expands and contracts, lifting particles and dropping them a slight distance downslope.

How do freezing, thawing, wetting, and drying contribute to soil creep?

right-lateral

If you are standing facing a strike-slip fault, and movement of the crustal block on the opposite side is to your right, it is called a(n) ________ strike-slip fault.

the hanging wall block moves downward relative to the other block

In a normal fault, ________.

hanging wall, footwall

In a reverse fault, the ________ block moves up relative to the ________ block.

rising

In areas that were major centers of ice accumulation, the land has been slowly ________ over the last several thousand years.

Northern Canada

In which of the following locations would you most expect to encounter solifluction?

volcanoes

Lahars are associated with which of the following?

synclines

Large circular downwarped structures are called ________.

cone of depression

Lowering of the water table around a pumping well results in a ________.

in rugged, geologically young mountains

Most rapid and spectacular mass movement events occur ________.

normal faults

Tensional forces normally cause which one of the following?

precipitation cycle

The ________ describes the movement of water through Earth's hydrosphere.

mass wasting

The downslope movement of rock, regolith, and soil is called ________.

passive

The east coast of North America is a(n) ________ tectonic margin, characterized by an extensive platform of sediments and sedimentary rocks.

tensional stresses and normal-fault movements

The mountains and valleys of the Basin and Range Province of the western United States formed in response to ________.

gradient

The slope of a stream channel, expressed as the vertical drop of a stream over a specified distance, is called the/a________.

settling velocity

The type and amount of material carried in suspension are controlled by flow velocity and ________.

zone of fracture

The uppermost 50 meters of a glacier is referred to as the ________.

U-shaped

Valleys deeply eroded by alpine glaciers have what characteristic, cross-valley profile?

medial

What type of moraine is formed by the merging of two lateral moraines at a junction of two valley glaciers?

Antarctica

Where is the world's largest ice sheet located today?

Motion occurs along faults, but not joints.

Which best describes the difference between a joint and a fault?

dissolution of limestone leading to sinkholes and caverns

Which example best demonstrates groundwater's power as an erosional agent?

creep

Which mass movement process has the slowest rate of movement?

striations

Which of the following erosional features provides clues to the direction of ice flow?

Gradient, cross-sectional shape, channel size and roughness, and discharge all affect a stream's flow velocity.

Which of the following factors affect a stream's flow velocity?

zone of sediment production

Which of the following is located in the headwaters region of a river system?

Some mass movements occur with no discernible trigger.

Which of the following statements about mass movement is true?

Cut banks are located on the outside of meanders.

Which of the following statements about meandering channels is true?

geyserite

Which one of the following is NOT a speleothem?

uplift of areas recently covered by thick, continental ice sheets

Which one of the following is an example of an isostatic movement?

solifluction

Which one of the following operates primarily in areas of permafrost?

calving

Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea?

slump

Which type of mass movement involves a downward sliding mass of rock or unconsolidated material moving along a curved surface?

Permeability

________ controls the ease (or difficulty) of groundwater transmission

Capacity

________ describes the total sediment load transported by a stream.

M. Milankovitch

________ first developed the theory that small variations in the Earth-Sun distance were responsible for short-term, climatic oscillations (1000 to 100,000 years).

An oxbow

________ is an abandoned, cutoff, meander loop.

Basal slip

________ is one of the two major flow mechanisms in a glacier.

Porosity

________ is the volume of voids or open space in a rock or unconsolidated material.