Geology test 2

Basaltic lava flows with sharp, spiny surfaces and jagged blocks are called ____________lavas.

AA lava flow

Which of the following sites would most likely have less dangerous volcanoes? A is on an island arc, B is in the Andes, C is near Hawaii, D is along a mid-ocean ridge.

C and D

A ___________________ forms when the roof of a magma chamber collapses to form a depression tens of km across.

Caladera

Hydrolysis is a type of ___________ weathering.

Chemical

_______________sedimentary rocks are composed primarily of solid weathered clasts of preexisting rocks.

Clastic

____________________ is the process by which soil and sediment lose pore space in response to the weight of the overlying material.

Compaction

Volcanoes composed of alternating layers of pyroclastic material, mudflows and cooled andesitic/rhyolitic lava flows are called __________________________ volcanoes.

Composite

_________________________ volcanoes tend to form along ocean-continent convergent plate boundaries.

Composite

A steep-walled circular depression located at the top of a volcano is called a(n) _________________.

Crater

When lava solidifies (at or on the surface of the land), the rocks are classified as ___________ igneous rocks

Extrusive

Would you expect the magma that formed this igneous rock to have had a fast cooling rate or a slow cooling rate, based on the grain size?

Fast cooling rate

What is the texture of andesite?

Fine grained (aphanitic)

The gradual increase in temperature with depth in the Earth is known as the ______________ _____________.

Geothermal Gradiant

What is the texture of obsidian?

Glassy

An example of a coarse-grained igneous rock composed mostly of feldspar and quartz is called __________________.

Granite

Will many mineral crystals increase or decrease the viscosity of a magma

Increase Viscoity

Will felsic composition increase or decrease the viscosity of a magma

Increase viscosity

Eruptions from shield volcanoes tend to have a ________ viscosity .

Low

An igneous rock with very coarse-grained texture in which the minerals are centimeters long is called a ___________________ .

Pegmatite

An example of a fine-grained igneous rock composed mostly of feldspar and quartz is called is called ___________________.

Rhyolite

small cone-shaped volcanoes made entirely of scoria are called _____________________ cones.

Scoria

Very broad, gently sloping volcanoes built from successive basaltic lava flows are called _______volcanoes

Sheild

https://blackboard.waketech.edu/courses/1/2018SP.GEL.111.4204/assessment/21d66529509246a1879894ee3de155e9/Ch.%205%20_3_volcano.JPG The site on the accompanying figure that would mostly likely form a rock that is fine grained (has small crystals but is not glassy) is:

Site B

What is the texture of Scoria?

Vesicular

______________ is a measure of a material's resistance to flow.

Viscosity

What environment would you expect to form a sandstone?

Within a river channel

Which of the following rocks is most likely associated with a composite volcano?

andesite

What is NOT associated with a composite volcano?

basaltic lava

volcanism along divergent plate boundaries usually produce lavas with a ________________ composition.

basaltic/low silia

A very large pluton that covers more than 100 km2 is called a _________________.

batholith

What kind of volcanic structure is associated with Yellowstone?

caladera

_____________________ is the precipitation of a binding material around grains in sedimentary rocks.

cementation

What is the texture of granite?

coarse grained (phaneritic)

____________ beds can form when wind or water transport sand and silt. These type of beds preserve the direction of wind or water flow.

cross

Will high temperature increase or decrease the viscosity of a magma

decrease viscosity

When water freezes it

expands

What is the composition of rhyolite?

felsic

Huge volumes of basaltic magma may erupt from long vents producing extensive accumulations of basalt. These accumulations of basaltic lava flows are called _________________

flood basalts

When the particles in a sedimentary layer gradually change from coarser on the bottom to finer sizes at the top, this is called __________ ____________.

graded bedding

Volcanic domes are generally composed of ____________ viscosity lava.

high

Magmas that have a high silica and high gas content will have a

high viscosity

What is the composition of diorite?

intermediate

Igneous rocks that form when magma solidifies deep beneath the surface of the land are called ____________ igneous rocks

intrusive

Volcanic mudflows associated with the mixing of volcanic ash, debris and water are called ____________________.

lahars

The general term for a nonclastic sedimentary rock that is composed of the mineral calcite is _____________.

limestone

What does NOT correctly match a rock with a possible environment in which that rock forms?

limestone - evaporation of freshwater

What is the composition of basalt?

mafic

Which environment would you NOT expect shale to form?

mountain river

___________________sedimentary rocks are composed mainly of substances precipitated from inorganic or organic processes.

nonclastic/chemical

Basaltic lava flows with smooth surfaces, resembling braids of rope, are called ____________ flows.

pahoehoe

When melting forms magma

partial melting produces a magma that is more felsic than the source

Frost wedging is a type of ___________weathering.

physical/mechanical

An igneous rock composed of two distinctly different sizes of mineral crystals with a fine-grained matrix around larger crystals is said to have a(n) _______________texture.

porphyritic

Which rock types involves dissolved gas in the magma?

pumice

Volcanic ash, hot gas, and rock fragments that flow rapidly downhill, associated with a volcanic eruption are called ____________________.

pyroclastic flows

Igneous rocks composed of rock fragments of pumice and hot volcanic ash are said to have a(n) _______________________ texture.

pyroclastic/welded

_______________is a very fine grained, clastic rock that breaks into thin pieces because the minerals are lined up in the rock.

shale

the islands of Hawaii are examples of which type of volcano structure?

sheild volcanoes

what would result in angular clasts?

steep slopes in a mountain

What is the main difference between conglomerate and breccia?

the shape of clasts

What is the composition of peridotite?

ultramafic

The ______________ of a liquid is a measure of its resistance to flow.

viscosity