Geology test chapter 10
how can any type of rock change into a metamorphic rock?
apply heat and pressure
limestone can form either as an organic sedimentary rock or as a ?
chemical sedimentary rock
what are some important sedimentary rocks that are of economic importance and value?
coal, petrolium, natural gas, aluminum. and iron
two processes that form sedimentary rock are cementation and ?
compaction
nodules that form when minerals precipitated from solutions build up around rock particles are called?
concretions
the type of metamorphism that results from the heat of magma is called /
contact metamorphism
what is the difference between fine and course grain size?
cooling rate
why is the difference in crystal size between intrusive and extrusive rocks?
determined by cooling rate
sedimentary rocks formed by minerals that are left behind when water evaporates are called?
evaporates
t or f. halite is a clastic sedimentary rock
f
t or f. stratification occurs when the same particle type is deposited over a long period of time
f
the crystal-filled rock in the diagram is a ?
geode
metamorphism that occur over large areas is called ?
regional metemorphism
quartzite is produced by the metamorphism of ?
sandstone
what is the parent rock of gneiss?
granit
5 characteristics of mafic (basaltic)
- is derived from first minerals to crystallize - is rich in iron and magnesium - low in silica - 45% or more is dark - common rock is basalt
5 characteristics of felsic (granitic)
- is derived from the last minerals to crystalize - is mainly feldspar and quartz - high silica content - less than 15% dark - common rock is granite
Explain how metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks form from each other and how they break down
- metamorphic melts and cools to form igneous rock - igneous erodes to form sediment - sediment tis pressured/ compacted to form sedimentary - sedimentary is heated and pressured to form metamorphic - at any stage a rock could erode, melt, or compress
explain where you will find sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks if you were looking for them.
- sedimentary- badlands - igneous- volcanic regions - metamorphic- inside earth
explain how cooling of magma effect crystal size.
- slow cooling rate forms large crystals - fast cooling rate forms microscopic crystals - very fast cooling rate forms glass
what is the difference between intrusive and extrusive rocks?
intrusive solidifies beneath earths surface while extrusive solidifies on earths surface
what is the difference between magma and lava?
magma is molten rock beneath earth's surface while lava is molten rock on the earth's surface
in what type of rock will you find fossils, stratification and ripple marks?
sedimentary
slate is formed when great pressure acts on the sedimentary rock?
shale
what is slate's parent rock?
shale
t or f. Some sedimentary rocks are formed from the remains of organisms
t
t or f. fossils are most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock
t
t or f. metamorphism can change the mineral composition of rock
t
t or f. metamorphism can create a hard and durable rock from a softer sedimentary rock
t
t or f. metamorphism results from heat, pressure, and chemical processes.
t
t or f. most metamorphic rock forms near the earths surface?
t
t or f. most metamorphic rock is formed by tectonic activity.
t
t or f. shale consists of clay-sized particles that are pressed into flat layers
t
t or f. sandstone can be mined for profit.
true
