Gestalt Psychology

The Gestalt principles of organization

are present in the stimuli themselves

Wertheimer's basic premise for productive thinking was that

both the whole problem must dominate the parts, and, the principles of solutions must be understood

The Gestalt pscyhologists referred to Wundt's system as

brick and mortar psychology

In Germany, the Gestalt protest of Wundt's system was

considered to be heresy

According to Lewin, life space

corresponds to all the events that can influence a person's behavior

Like Hull, Lewin proposed that motivation is a consequence of

disequilibrium

The Gestalt protest against Wundt's system focused on his

elementism

For Brentano, the subject matter of psychology was

experiences

The most outstanding feature of Lewin's social psychology is

group dynamics

For Mach, sensations are

independent of the elements of which they are composed

The basic premise of the Gestalt principles of perception is that perceptual organizations is

innate

It is known that before an eye movement or a finger movement occurs, it is possible to record altered activity in a specific cerebral cortex area. The Gestaltists would argue that this is support for the principle of

isomorphism

The Gestalt psychologists maintained that a correspondence called _________ exists between perceptual activity and brain activity

isomorphism

Perhaps the major contribution of Gestalt psychology to contemporary systems was the

legitimization of conscious experiences

The focus of Lewin's system was on

motivation

From the Gestalt perspective, insight requires that one

perceive the relationships between the components of the problem or issue

A(n) _____________ is a quality of wholeness or completeness in perceptual experiences that does not vary even when the actual sensory elements change

perceptual constancy

The unbiased description of immediate experience as it occurs is

phenomenology

The original source material from The Mentality of Apes, Kohler argued that "a particular difficulty must lie in the

problem itself"

The thrust of gestalt psychology's attack on behaviorism focused on

reductionism

Pavlov

replicated Kohler's work but found it to be "chaotic"

Like Skinner, Lewin argued that

statistics were not useful

An early test of Lewin's tension theory was done by Zeigarnik who discovered that humans

tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished ones

Kohler's basic criterion for intelligence was

the ability to solve problems

Wertheimer defined "peripheral factors" as

the organizing principles present in the stimuli

The construct of the life space describes

the person's psychological field

Maslow's notion of self-actualization was partially based on

the personal characteristics of Max Wertheimer

"apparent movement" is another term for

the phi phenomenon

The observation that an undone task is remembered until completed is an illustration of

the zeigarnik effect

Gestalt psychologists believed that

there is more to perception than meets the eye

The Gestalt psychologists initially chose to focus on perception

to challenge Wundtian psychology directly

The Gestalt school's major difference with behaviorists was over the

utility of the concept of consciousness

The notion of Gestalt qualitaten was offered by

von Ehrenfels

Kohler argued that trial-and-error learning

was a consequence of not allowing the subject to see the whole situation

For Wertheimer, rote memorization and/or rote learning

was a necessary albeit distateful prerequisite for the learning of some material

Kohler's research on Tenerife

was analyzed based soley on his descriptions of incidents

The notion that form is a property of objects is

A definition of "Gestalt"

Psychologists attacked which aspect of Gestalt psychology?

All of the choices are correct

One of the major reasons that Gestalt psychology failed to become popular in the US apparently was

American scholars' belief that Gestalt theory had only to do with perception

The spontaneous understanding of a phenomenon is called

Einsicht

Concurrent with the rise of Gestalt psychology, the Zeitgeist in physics was embracing

Field theory

The leaders of the ________ immediately supported the Nazi regime and proclaimed the "evil influence" of the Jews

German Psychological Society

Which of the following statements indicates how Gestalt psychology and behaviorism treated the study of consciousness?

Gestalt psychology accepted the study of consciousness but criticized the attempt to analyze it intoelements. Hehaviorism refused to acknowledge the existence of consciousness

A group of psychologists at ____________ worked in phenomenology and anticipated the Gestalt school

Gottingen

How did Wertheimer explain the phi phenomenon?

He did not; he said it did not need explanation

The essence of the Gestalt system is found in the work of the philosopher

Kant

The Gestalt system was introduced to American scholars by

Koffka

This person was a subject in Wertheimer's research on the perception of apparent movement

Koffka and Kohler

The connection between certain aspects of Gestalt psychology and principles and terms of physics reflects

Kohler's training in physics

The term field theory was applied to whose system?

Lewin's

The importance of perceptual constancies in the Wundt versus Gestalt debate was that the experience supported

The Gestalt position that "completeness" of an experience is not altered when the actual sensory components of the experience are altered

____________ was the spokesperson for the Gestalt movement, studied thinking processes of chimpanzees

Wolfgang Kohler

Gestalt psychology started as a movement opposed to

Wundt's approach

Kohler reported that he was "shocked" by

Wundt's notion that psychological facts are composed of inert atoms

Kohler's findings occurred simultaneously with ________ discovery of ___________.

Yerkes', ideational learning

Wertheimer suggested that brain activity is

a "configural whole process"

For the school of Gestalt psychology, "form" was

a creation of the mind

Kohler argued that solving a problem requires

a restructuring of the perceptual field

In the Gestalt view, learning entails

a restructuring of the psychological environment

Contrary to the notion of a passive mind, as portrayed by the British empiricists, the German philosopher Kant held that the mind

actively organizes sensory information into a coherent experience

The Gestalt psychologists argued that elements

all of the choices are correct

An analysis of an overt behavior in Lewin's system requires a consideration of

all the choices are correct

Perhaps the best known of the books written by the Gestalt psychologists, The Mentality of Apes, was the result of

an accident of war

According to Kohler, insight involves

an immediate apprehension or cognition of relationships

Fields of force were like Gestalts in that they

are entities independent of the effects of individual particles