Gitter Final

9 year old Mario has been given a prescription for Ritalin. He is probably being treated for:

ADHD

Which of the following is a good example of a compulsion?

Jordy locks his door 9 times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked

Which of the following examples best matches the ideas of the diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died

A therapist has appointments with 4 patients today. For which of these patients would it be most likely that the therapist would recommend a course of ECT treatment?

Zack, who has had severe depression for many months, has had limited success with drug treatments, and has engaged in suicidal behavior

Benton hears voices when no one is present. His psychiatrist says Benton is having hallucinations and will likely prescribe:

an antipsychotic

John loves the opera. He just can't get enough of it. Yet he is reluctant to share that with his friends. He fears that they might judge him negatively for liking the opera, as they all seem too much prefer watching wrestling and horror movies. So he doesn't share his love of Opera with his friends, instead simply stating that he also really likes wrestling and horror movies. But every time he hears a beautiful aria, he just feels inclined to listen John's love of Opera would be considered _______

an implicit attitude

Which one of the following would likely be the best course of treatment for someone with schizophrenia and results in the lowest relapse rate of symptoms?

antipsychotic medication + social skills training + family therapy

Brandy is often unresponsive in social situations, and her language and cognitive development are impaired. She also shows restricted, repetitive behaviors, especially when stressed. Her symptoms began in early childhood and are consistent with which type of disorder?

autism spectrum disorder

Brendon believes that he is worthless, that other people do not like him, and that he will never have satisfying interpersonal relationships. To counteract this belief, Brendon's therapist helps him to change his negative thoughts about himself to more adaptive thoughts and then encourages him to rehearse those thoughts in place of the negative thoughts. The therapist is using:

cognitive restructuring

Christopher's therapist is treating him for an anxiety disorder. His therapist wants his treatment to be effective and have long-lasting effects after his treatment is over, therefore she will use:

cognitive-behavioral theory

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her distorted ways of thinking and self-defeating actions by helping her learn to identify them, recognize that they are maladaptive, and instead develop more adaptive ways of thinking and acting. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

substance abuse disorders are common among people who have been diagnosed with other psychological disorders. What is the term for situations in which mental disorders occur together?

comorbid

When you were little, you had a bully, named Josh. One thing you distinctly remember about John is that he always wore a hat that bore the Skittles logo. So every time he teased and tortured you, you would see the skittles logo. Today even as an adult, you just can't get yourself to eat Skittles. You hate the tiny little fruit candies, Every time you think about them, all you can think about is the teasing you experienced. Your attitude about Skittles has been influenced through:

conditioning

Ricky is concerned with being watched by others. Specifically, he just got a new job and he believes that the persob who previously held the position he has been spying on him for months. There is no evidence to back up Ricky's assertions. It is likely that Ricky is experiencing a :

delusion

Often and especially in large lecture classes, the instructor will ask a question of the class that is met with the sound of crickets. No one seems to want to answer the question - even if it is a very easy question or an opinion question with no right or wrong answer. It almost seems as though all the students in the room are waiting for someone else to answer the question. The tendency to feel a student to feel that others should answer the question is an example of _______.

diffusion of responsibility

______ is the behavior associated with out group biases

discrimination

A woman says, "The eagle takes flight at three o'clock and flies here from General Electric. I get my check from the eagle; he goes from the mailbox to make a payment. He's a secret spy for my husband and makes a shotgun sound." This woman is displaying a:

disorganized speech associated with schizophrenia

How do the fundamental attribution error and the actor/observer effect differ?

fundamental attribution error only pertains to attributions of others

Psychologists use the term prognosis to refer to:

future course and probable outcome of the disorder

Amos, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, has negative symptoms. What might this look like?

he would be slow to respond, express little emotion, and appear unmotivated

What principle underlies cognitive therapy?

how you think determines how you feel

Anti-anxiety medications function by:

increasing the effectiveness pf GABA

Derek just got a new job at a firm downtown. On his first day, he didn't know quite how to dress. He wasn't sure if he should dress more formally or casually. But, very quickly, he noticed that his very professionally. So Derek started to do the same. Over time, he noticed that he even started to dress up on the weekends and on holidays when not at work. He just started to feel more comfortable in that type of clothing. Derek's behavior has been influenced through _________.

informational social influence

When looking at a painting, people often try to interpret what the artist intended when they painted it. They want to know what the painter was feeling or intended when they made the painting in the 1st place. They want to understand what the painting really means. In the terms used by those who practice psychoanalytic therapy, these individuals are trying to identify the ______ content, whereas the painting itself would be considered the ____ content.

latent; manifested

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a ________ episode.

manic

Carl was recently at the ER for an injury he sustained from a car accident. While there, the doctor noticed that he tended to look persistently at the ground, appeared dejected and persistently spoke pessimistically, and that his clothes smelled and it seemed like he hadn't showered for weeks. On the basis of this, the doctor gave Carl the phone # of a local mental health professional and encouraged him to call. Carl's doctor conducted a:

mental health status exam

Those symptoms that cause noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives afflicted with schizophrenia are called __________ symptoms.

negative

In a previous module we discussed the concept of negative reinforcement - that behaviors can be reinforced if they alleviate distress. While this is how coping techniques commonly develop, the diagnosis of one disorder is associated with the development of maladaptive coping techniques through this same reinforcement process. This set of disorders is referred to as:

obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

A famous comedian refuses to shake hands with talk show hosts (or anyone else for that matter) because he fears catching a disease from from them. The comedian is displaying a symptom of:

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Depressed individuals tend to attribute negative outcomes to _____ and positive outcomes to _____.

personal shortcomings // luck

Amaya has been diagnosed with major depression and her treatment involves a prescription for antidepressants. She is most likely receiving treatment from a:

psychiatrist

Marlena tells her therapist about the experiences that she has had this week. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying his interpretation of what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

reflective listening

To help Charlie overcome his phobia of heights, his therapist trains him to relax and then has him imagine climbing a ladder. After Charlie visualizes climbing a ladder without anxiety, he attempts to imagine standing at the top of a tall building without feeling anxious. He then has him stand on the first run of a ladder until he can do so without anxiety. Charlies therapist seems to be using a technique known as:

systematic desensatization

Which of these scenarios explains how mere exposure has shaped Jess's attitude toward edamame?

the 1st time Jess ate the tiny green beans, she didn't have a strong impression of them. But she's had them several times over the last few months and she's really grown to enjoy them

Sharon's daughter just got engaged to her longtime boyfriend, Ted, but Sharon is not happy about this news. Ted does not have a stable job, and he is also a bit overweight, both of which lead Sharon to believe that Ted is lazy. Sharon struggles with her weight too, but she blames this on her thyroid problem. Sharon's assessment of Ted's weight compared to her own is an example of which of the following?

the actor/observer effect

The primary difference between normative social influence and informational social influence is:

whether you come to believe that what the group is doing is correct

One treatment for OCD is called response prevention- in this therapy, the psychologist triggers the patients obsessive thoughts by showing them the stimuli that triggers them, but then are not allowed to engage in their compulsive behavior. For example, a patient with OCD may compulsively wash his hands after each time he touches a door knob, because washing his hands provides relief from the obsessive thoughts and the anxiety associated with them. So his therapist has him touch a doorknob in a room that has a faucet nearby. But the patient is not allowed to go over to the faucet and wash his hands. The intent of this therapy is to break the conditioned association that the patient has between hand-washing and the relief it provides and to instead show the patient that his anxiety will fade with time. Given the description of response-prevention therapy, we would probably assume that this is an example of:

behavioral therapy

people with this personality disorder tend to experience dramatic shifts in emotional states and have difficulty with impulse control - often times engaging in sexually promiscuous behavior snd aggressive behavior. They tend to be very manipulative in their social relationships and tend to fear abandonment.

borderline personality disorder

Although the restaurant was quite crowded when the old man started to gasp and wheeze, no one stepped up to act until he finally collapsed to the floor. What term describes this failure of the observers to offer help?

bystander apathy