Gov Test 1 Ch 4

59. How likely are voters to participate in state and local elections compared with national elections?

less likely

45. A requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service that maintains a minimum national standard is called a(n)

mandate

5. A proponent of states' rights and enumerated powers would be more likely to quote the _________ Amendment to the Constitution.

Tenth

63. Problems with establishing democracy in Iraq are, according to the text, chiefly a function of the fact that

a. "There is no meaningful Iraqi identity."

62. Foreigners who live in the United States but are not citizens of the United States are known as

aliens

24. The ___________ gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states.

b. commerce clause

15. The Great Depression represented a shift away from __________ and toward

b. dual federalism; cooperative federalism.

41. Conservatives are often associated with ___________, while liberals are often associated with

b. dual federalism; cooperative federalism.

9. Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?

b. layer cake

16. In the last 200 years, Congress has tremendously increased the scope of the national government by using

b. the elastic clause combined with its enumerated powers.

26. The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez was that

b. there are limits to the national government's ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause.

the basic premise of federalism is that

b. two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people.

32. Suppose Congress funds elementary education by giving states a grant. The states may then designate the specific educational programs (elementary, secondary or vocational) to receive the funds. This is an example of a _________ grant.

block

19. A central question in the McCulloch case was whether or not Congress had the power to

est a national bank

49. A notable trend in the backgrounds of recent presidents is experience as a

governor

2. The power to coin money belongs to __________ and the power to grant divorces belongs to

the federal government; the states

60. The complexity of the American federal system encourages

pluralism

25. In Dred Scott, the Supreme Court decided that Congress had no power to

prohibit slavery

65. The national government has come to rely increasingly on its _______ power to shape state policies.

regulatory

46. A(n) _____ forbids state governments from exercising certain powers.

restraint

27. In the 2011 Chamber of Commerce of the United States v. Whiting decision, the Roberts Court upheld which state law?

a. Legal Arizona Workers Act

4. Which of the following is NOT an essential premise of dual federalism?

a. The relationship between nation and state is best characterized by cooperation.

10. According to the theory of dual federalism, __________________ the nation and the states.

a. a rigid wall separates

38. When Roger B. Taney became chief justice in 1836, the Court imposed firm limits on the powers of

a. national government.

64. According to the text, one could see the rise of coercive federalism as simply shifting the pluralist struggle from

a. state capitals to Washington D.C..

52. The lines that define congressional districts are usually drawn by

a. state legislatures.

21. From the 1930s to the mid-1990s, the Supreme Court

a. tended to support expansion of national authority.

30. When responding to the economic downturn that afflicted the nation at the beginning of his first term, President Obama drew on the logic of

a. the New Deal and the preamble to the U.S. Constitution.

42. According to the text, political liberals feared stronger states' rights because it

c. allowed inequality and supported racism.

29. Since 1995 the Supreme Court has frequently

c. favored states' rights.

55. The ___________ is the term researchers use to characterize the overall collection of national, state and local governments in the United States.

c. intergovernmental system

23. In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Court argued that "the power to tax...

c. involves the power to destroy."

39. In 2012, the Supreme Court cited ____________ in upholding the "individual mandate" provision of the Affordable Care Act.

c. the national government's taxing power

home rule is

c. the right of municipal governments to enact their own legislation in certain administrative areas.

33. Formula grants and project grants are both types of _________ grants.

categorical

47. In response to the use of national mandates and restraints that have become so dominant, theorists have developed a new theory known as _____ federalism.

coercive

7. The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is an example of _________ federalism.

cooperative

37. The use of highway construction funds has been an effective means to promote

cooperative federalism

17. Which of the following statements regarding the New Deal era is incorrect?

d. Congress temporarily claimed extra constitutional powers to meet the national emergency.

12. Which of the following is an incorrect description of the cooperative federalism model?

d. The functions and responsibilities of the national and state governments are clearly defined.

61. While government at all levels and private sector businesses all share responsibilities over managing the nations' ports, each port has a ______________ assigned to be the captain of the port.

d. U.S. Coast Guard officer

3. The constitution expressly gives the federal government the power to _____________ within the states.

d. create a postal system

13. Which metaphor best describes cooperative federalism?

d. marble cake

57. A government unit created to perform particular functions, such as fire protection and water purification and distribution is known as a(n)

d. special district.

53. Preclearance is the process of

d. submitting redistricting plans to the Justice Department for approval.

18. Conflicts related to power-sharing between states and the national government are settled by

d. the supreme court.

56. Based on 2012 data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the United States is home to as many as __________ local governments of different sorts.

e. 90,000

40. Which of the following is not a reason that states have improved their ability to govern capably over the last few decades?

e. All previously unelected officials, such as those in programs that deal with transportation and social services, are now elected.

31. Since the 1990s the Court has typically favored states, however, the best example of a decision in which the court did NOT defend state prerogatives is

e. Bush v. Gore.

36. Some have argued that the use of the drug Midazolam in executing inmates is ____________; in the 2015 case Glossip v. Gross, the Court _________ with this assertion.

e. a violation of the Eighth Amendment; disagreed

34. Competitive grants are awarded based on

e. an application submitted by prospective recipients.

48. REAL ID, a federal mandate that imposes security standards for state driver's licenses, is an example of

e. an unfunded mandate.

11. States' rights supporters believe that Congress should restrict its activities to

e. enumerated powers.

44. Numerous recent preemptions have focused on

e. homeland security.

22. Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the early Supreme Court generally

e. increased national power.

28. In recent years, the Supreme Court has denied states the power to execute individuals who are

e. mentally disabled and/or seventeen years old.

20. According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is

e. plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end.

54. The Constitution explicitly recognizes

e. the national government and state governments.

14. The "necessary and proper" clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution is an example of a(n) "__________ clause."

elastic

35. Medicaid is an example of a(n)

grant-in-aid

6. The Constitution did not give Congress the authority to establish the Internal Revenue Service. Congress did so, however, to implement its power to "lay and collect taxes." This is an example of the use of a(n) _________ power.

implied

8. A power NOT specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried out is called a(n) _________ power.

implied

43. The power of Congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes complete or partial responsibility for a state government function is known as

preemption

50. The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as

redistribution

51. The process of preclearance is used when states are

redistricting