Government Chapter 3 Test Review

__________________ was heard from some 20,000 protesters, many of them women, in October of 1932 as they demanded repeal of the 18th Amendment

"We want beer"

The ____ Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures

4th

The _____ Amendment protects against excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.

8th

Before it could take effect, the Constitution had to be ratified by __________ states.

9 (but in this case, it actually took 11 states, due to the size of Virginia and New York.)

Including the Bill of Rights, __________ amendments have been added to the Constitution.

27

In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson's statement that "all men are created equal" is similar to which theorist's belief that government is based on the "consent of the governed"?

John Locke

The key principle argued in the case Marbury v. Madison was

Judicial review

The first fighting in the American Revolution happened in ________, in early 1775.

Lexington & Concord, Massachusetts

Amendments to the constitution may be proposed by two-thirds votes in both the House and the Senate or by a

Convention of states

Under the Constitution, the slave trade

Could be ended after 20 years

A major event that led to a greater British taxation of American colonies was

French and Indian war happened before the taxes started, but the Boston Tea Party was a big revolt to the taxes

The Federalist Papers were drafted by

Madison, Hamilton, and Jay

The Supreme Court first declared that the courts have the power to overturn government acts that conflict with the Constitution in

Marbury v. Madison

The chief foal of the drafters of the Articles of Confederation was to

Protect states' rights

Which state legislature sent no delegates to the Constitutional Convention?

Rhode Island

The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as

Separation of Powers

The notion that governmental authority springs from the consent of the governed is derived from

Social Contract theory

After the Constitution was amended to permit the federal government to levy a progressive income tax, government could more effectively further the goal of

Social equality

Among the most undemocratic features of the U.S. Constitution is the

State equality vote

Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is now... expressly delegated to the United States"?

The Articles of Confederation

The chief obstacle to ratification of the Constitution by the states was

the omission of a Bill of RIghts

The main positive result of the Annapolis Convention was

call for a larger meeting of the states, with a broader mission

The power of the president to veto the laws is an example of

checks and balances

Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of

checks and balances

The original draft of the Declaration of Independence

condemned the king's support of the slave trade

The framers of the Constitution intended ____________ to be the strongest branch(es) of government

congress

A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as a(n) ______________ clause.

elastic

Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution articulates the principle of _______________ granting Congress limited powers

enumerated powers

The constitutional amendment process requires

extraordinary majorities

Shay's Rebellion consisted of

farmers trying to prevent foreclosure on their property for debts and taxes owed

After the failure of the Articles of Confederation, the founders adopted a ________ form of government, strong enough to maintain order but not to dominate the states.

federal

Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve

for life

The power of Congress to charter a bank is an example of what type of power?

implied

A republic is a government

in which a state is ruled by representatives of the citizen body

The text of the Constitution deals with slavery by

labeling them as "all other persons" (not naming them directly)

One similarity between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan was that both plans

left unspecified how many people might compromise the executive

The chief objective of the First Continental Congress was to

petition England for their rights; Right to "life, liberty, and property;" Trial by jury; peaceable assembly; Consideration of their grievances and for rights they had been denied

The three-fifths compromise resolved the issue of

representation in the electoral college

According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress?

There would be 1 house, & all states would have equal representation in it.

Originally, the Constitutional Convention's purpose was to

revise the Articles of Confederation

The daughters of liberty opposed the British rule by

They wove cloth to replace boycotted British goods

The plan presented at the Constitutional Convention generally favored by large states was

Virginia Plan

The original procedure for selecting the vice president, under the electoral college, was

the candidate with the next-greatest number of votes

Historian Jack Rakove argues that in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was arguing for

the collective right of revolution and self-government

The main argument against the need for a Bill of Rights was that

the constitution established a government of limited powers; because the government was not given the power to regulate individual liberties, no Bill of Rights was necessary.

The American Revolution effectively ended with the surrender of Cornwall and his army at

Yorktown in 1781.

The Great Compromise provided for

a 2 chamber legislature with equal rep for states in 1 chamber & population based representation in the other

A confederation can best be describe as

a loose association of independent states

Antifederalists attacked the proposed Constitution on the grounds that

the national government it created was too strong

According to Madison in Federalist No. 10, the most common and durable source of factions has been

unequal distribution of property.

Article VI of the constitution contains provisions establishing

the supremacy clause & the no religious test clause

The primary contribution of the Federalist Paper is

their insight into the reasons for constitutional provisions

The Articles of Confederation failed because

they did not provide effective ways for the government to raise money, they did not include an independent leader to direct the government, & they didn't give the government power to regulate commerce

The ________ guaranteed citizenship to all persons, including blacks

14th Amendment

An estimated ___________ American colonists remained loyal to the British Crown.

1 in 5

The _____________ guarantees that citizens' right to vote cannot be denied "on account of sex."

19th Amendment

The Bill of Rights consists of the first ____ amendments to the Constitution

10

Which amendment does the text categorize as "disastrous?"

18th

Article I of the Constitution refers to the

Congresses powers & limits

Supporters of the Constitution named themselves

Federalists

Which of the following is not one of the political principles relied on by the founders?

One person, one vote

Which document proclaimed, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights"?

The Declaration of Independence

Which of the following is NOT a power granted to the president under the Constitution?

The President has the power to declare war, veto laws, serve as commander in chief to the armed forces, appoint federal judges, enact legislation by issuing decrees.

One result of the Second Continental Congress was

The adoption of the Declaration of Independence

When compared to the U.S. Constitution, most American state constitutions

are longer and more detailed

Shay's Rebellion was ultimately defeated by

the Massachusetts militia

According to John Locke, all legitimate political authority exists to preserve

these natural rights and is based on the consent of those who are governed.

Federalist No. 10 and Federalist No. 51 each argue, from different angles, that the constitution combats

tyrrany

To amend the Articles of Confederation required a(n)

unanimous vote of all states